-162 (X301620)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | -162 |
|---|---|
| ID | X301620 |
| Museum no. | BM 33850 + 47722 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | Year 149, king Antiochus. Month V, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 10°, it was very low; measured (despite) mist. |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | Night of the 2nd, the moon was 1 cubit behind γ Virginis. Night of the 3rd, the moon was 1 cubit above α Virginis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | to the east. The 3rd, the north wind blew. Night of the 4th, the moon was 4 cubits in front of α Librae. The 4th, the north wind blew. Night of the 5th, |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | beginning of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits below β Librae. The 5th, the east wind blew. Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was 20 fingers above β |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | Scorpii. The 6th, ZI IR, the east wind blew. Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of θ Ophiuchi, |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | the moon being 2 1/2 cubits high to the north, it stood 1 cubit 8 fingers in front of Mars to the west, the moon being 2 cubits high to [the north;] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | last part of the night, Venus was 4 cubits below ε Leonis. The 7th, clouds were in the sky, ZI IR, the east wind blew. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [... above Saturn,] the moon having passed a little to the east. The 8th, clouds were in the sky, ZI IR, the east wind blew. The 9th, ZI IR, the east wind blew. |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was 4 cubits in front of β Capricorni. The 10th, the east wind blew. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind β Capricorni; |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | first part of the night, Mars was 1/2 cubit [below] θ Ophiuchi. The 11th, the east wind blew. Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | 2 cubits above δ Capricorni, the moon having passed a little to the east. The 12th, the east wind blew. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 11°; the east wind blew. |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 6° 40', measured. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 5°, measured; the north wind blew. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 5°, measured; |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | last part of the night, Venus was 2 fingers above α Leonis, Venus being 4 fingers back to the west. The 15th, the north wind blew. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | 1 cubit behind η Piscium, the moon being 2 2/3 cubits low to the south. The 16th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [in Virg]o?: from the 14th on, when I watched I did not see it. The 16th, the north wind blew. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind α Arietis. |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | The 17th, the north wind blew. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits below η Tauri, |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | the moon having passed a little to the east. The 18th, the north wind blew. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind α Tauri, |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | the moon being 1 cubit high to the north. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below ζ Tauri [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [...] ... [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night,] the moon was [...] above γ Geminorum [... Venus was] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 2020 | [... above] ρ Leo[nis ... Night] of the 22nd, first part of the night, Mars was [x] 2/3 cubits be[low Saturn]; |
| Obverse [20:21] o 2121–o 2121 | last part of the night, the moon was 6 1/2 cubits below α Geminorum. Night of the 23rd, [last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [21:23] o 2222– | 2 1/2 cubits in front of δ Cancri, the moon being 2 cubits [high] to the north [...] |
| Bottom [0:1] b.e. 1b.e. 1–b.e. 1b.e. 1 | Around the 23rd, when Jupiter became stationary to the west, it became stationary 3 cubits be[highnd β Capricorni,] |
| Bottom [1:2] b.e. 22–b.e. 22 | being 2/3 cubit low to the south; I did not watch. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the m[oon was] |
| Bottom [2:3] b.e. 33–b.e. 33 | 2 1/2 <cubits> [in front of] ε Leonis, the moon being 6 1/2 cubits low to the south. [Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Bottom [3:5] b.e. 44– | 1 cubit in front of α Leonis. Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind ρ [Leo]nis, |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | it stood 1 cubit in front of Venus to the west. Ni[ght? ...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | The 26th?, moonrise to sunrise: 14+[x]° 30+[x]', measured. Night of the 28th, last part of the night, Venus was below [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | [...] solar [eclipse] which was omitted; at 1 bēru before sunrise. [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | [...] Venus was in Cancer; Mercury was in Virgo; |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | [... Venus rea]ched [Leo]; the 14th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Virgo, I did not watch; |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | [...] The 25th, first part of the night, a comet |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | [...] ... cubit? above α Coronae, its tail to the south |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | ... became visible. That month, the river level receded 4 fingers, total: 29 was the na (gauge). |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | That month, the citizens who are in Babylon brought their women, their people, |
| Reverse [11:12] r 1212–r 1212 | th[eir? ...] out of Babylon. That month, the šaknu of the king |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | ... they plundered the citizens who were in the countryside. |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | That month, the governor of Babylon ... the rab sikkati |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | did not go out from the king’s palace which is in Babylon into the city streets for fear of the šaknu of the king and the people. |
| Reverse [15:16] r 1616–r 1616 | That month, the general of Babylonia who ... on the 29th day, who from Seleucia |
| Reverse [16:18] r 1717–r 1818 | which is on the Tigris and the king’s canal had fled? ... was not seen. |
| Reverse [17:18] r 1818–r 1818 | Month VI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month, sunset to moonset:) 13° 30', measured. Night of the 1st, first part of the night, the comet was |
| Reverse [18:19] r 1919–r 1919 | 4? 2/3 cubits be[highnd?] the southern ... Night of the 2nd, the moon was 1 cubit above α Librae, the moon having passed a little to the east. |
| Reverse [19:20] r 2020–r 2020 | [Night] of the 3rd, the moon was 2 cubits 8 fingers in front of β Scorpii; |
| Reverse [20:21] r 2121–r 2121 | first part of the night, a meteor which had a tail flashed from south to north, its light |
| Reverse [21:23] r 2222– | was seen on the ground. Night of the 4th, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits above α Scorpii, the moon having passed a little to the east. |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | The 4th, the north wind blew. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind θ Ophiuchi, |
| Top [1:2] t.e. 22–t.e. 22 | the moon being 1 2/3 cubits high to the north. The 5th, the north wind blew. Night of the 6th, last part of the night, |
| Top [2:4] t.e. 33– | Venus was 4 fingers above β Virginis. |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | Ni[ght? ..., the c]omet was [nn cu]bits above α Coronae, its tail |
| Left [1:2] l.e. 22–l.e. 22 | to [...] set?. Night of the 30th?, first [part of the night], when the comet became stationary?, |
| Left [2:3] l.e. 33–l.e. 33 | 4? [...] α [Coro]nae. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | ⸢MU 1 ME 49.KAM {m}an LUGAL NE 30 10 UŠ na-su ma-diš SIG a-kam₂ muš | |
| 2 | ⸢GE₆ 2 sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 3 sin e SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 3 | ana NIM DIB 3 SI GIN GE₆ 4 sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 4 KUŠ₃ 4 SI GIN GE₆ 5 | |
| 4 | SAG GE₆ sin SIG RIN₂-ša₂-SI 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 5 KUR GIN GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂ e | |
| 5 | (MUL₂-e)-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 20 SI 6 ZI IR KUR GIN GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin ina ⸢IGI MUL₂⸣-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 3 KUŠ₃ | |
| 6 | sin 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM ina IGI AN 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI ana ŠU₂ GUB sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana [SI] ⸢NIM⸣ | |
| 7 | ⸢ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG⸣ SAG-A 4 KUŠ₃ 7 DIR AN ZA ZI IR KUR GIN GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ | |
| 8 | [e GENNA N N] sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB 8 DIR AN ZA ZI IR KUR GIN 9 ZI IR KUR GIN | |
| 9 | ⸢GE₆ 10 SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI SI-MAŠ₂ 4 KUŠ₃ 10 KUR GIN GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 10 | USAN AN [SIG] MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 1/2 KUŠ₃ 11 KUR GIN GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin e | |
| 11 | MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB 12 KUR GIN 13 11 ŠU₂ KUR GIN | |
| 12 | GE₆ 14 6.40 ME muš 14 5 na muš SI GIN GE₆ 15 5 GE₆ muš | |
| 13 | ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ dele-bat e LUGAL 2 SI dele-bat 4 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL 15 SI GIN GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 14 | ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 1 KUŠ₃ sin 2 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 16 ŠU₂ ša₂ GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ | |
| 15 | [ina] ⸢ABSIN⸣ TA 14 ki PAP NU IGI 16 SI GIN GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN | |
| 16 | 2 1/2 KUŠ₃⸣ 17 SI GIN GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂.MUL₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 17 | sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB 18 SI GIN GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ is-⸢le₁₀ 2 KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 18 | ⸢sin⸣ 1 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM ⸢GE₆⸣ 20 ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ sin SIG ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ [...] | |
| 19 | [x x] ⸢x x⸣ [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂] ⸢sin e⸣ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-⸢SIPA⸣ [N N ... dele-bat] | |
| 20 | [e] ⸢MUL₂⸣-TUR-ša₂-4-[KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL N N x x GE₆] 22 USAN AN ⸢SIG⸣ [GENNA] | |
| 21 | [x] 2/3 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ sin ⸢SIG MAŠ.MAŠ⸣-IGI 6 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 23 [ina ZALAG₂ sin] | |
| 22 | ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana SI [NIM x x] | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | in EN 23 MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠU₂ ki UŠ-a 3 KUŠ₃ ⸢ar₂⸣ [SI-MAŠ₂] | |
| 2 | 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG UŠ NU PAP GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [ina IGI] | |
| 3 | SAG-A 2 1/2 <KUŠ₃> sin 6 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG [GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin] | |
| 4 | ina IGI LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ ⸢MUL₂⸣ [TUR ša₂ 4 KUŠ₃] | |
| r | ||
| 1 | (MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃)-⸢ar₂⸣-LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ ina IGI dele-bat 1 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | 26+[x] 14+[x].30+[x] ⸢KUR⸣ muš GE₆ 28 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG ⸢MUL₂⸣ [...] | |
| 3 | [... AN.KU₁₀] ⸢šamaš₂⸣ ša₂ DIB in 1 DANNA GE₆ ana ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 4 | [...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 5 | [...] | |
| 6 | [...] ⸢dele-bat ina ALLA GU₄.UD ina ABSIN⸣ | |
| 7 | [... dele-bat A] ⸢KUR⸣-ad₂ 14 GU₄⸣.UD ina ŠU₂ ina ABSIN ŠU₂ NU PAP | |
| 8 | [...] 25 USAN {mul₂}ṣal-lum-mu-u₂ | |
| 9 | [...] x x KUŠ₃ e kip-pat mi-ših-šu₂ ana ULU₃ | |
| 10 | IGI ITU BI ILLU 4 SI LAL PAP 29 na | |
| 11 | ITU BI {lu₂}pu-li-ṭa-nu ša₂ ina E{ki} MI₂{meš}šu₂-nu {lu₂}ERIN₂{meš}šu₂-nu | |
| 12 | [u {lu₂}DUMU{meš}šu₂]-nu TA E{ki} E₃-u₂ ITU BI {lu₂}ša₂-kin₇ ša₂ LUGAL | |
| 13 | {[lu₂]}⸢pu-li⸣-ṭa-nu ša₂ ina EDIN u₂-hab-ba-tu-uʾ | |
| 14 | ITU BI {lu₂}pa-hat E{ki} ⸢x⸣-u₂ {lu₂}GAL {giš}KAK la-pan₃ pu-luh-tu₂ | |
| 15 | ša₂ {lu₂}ša₂-kin₇ ša₂ LUGAL u UN{meš} ⸢KUR TA E₂⸣.GAL LUGAL ša₂ ina E{ki} ana SIL URU NU E₃ | |
| 16 | ITU BI {lu₂}GAL ERIN₂ KUR URI{ki} ša₂ ⸢U₄⸣ 29.KAM₂ ša₂ TA {uru}se-lu-ke-ʾa-a | |
| 17 | ša₂ ana UGU {id₂}IDIGNA u ID₂ LUGAL ZAH₂-⸢uʾ GIM⸣ IGI-u₂ ⸢NU IGI⸣ | |
| 18 | KIN 1 13.30 muš GE₆ 1 USAN {mul₂}ṣal-lum-mu-u₂ ⸢ar₂⸣ [x] ⸢x⸣ | |
| 19 | ⸢x ULU₃⸣ 4 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 2 sin e RIN₂-⸢ša₂-ULU₃⸣ 1 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB | |
| 20 | [GE₆] 3 sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 2 KUŠ₃ 8 SI | |
| 21 | USAN MUL₂ GAL ša₂ meš-hi TUK-u₂ TA ULU₃ ana SI SUR UD.DA-su | |
| 22 | [ina] KI IGI GE₆ 4 sin e SI₄ 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | 4 SI GIN GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA | |
| 2 | 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 5 SI GIN GE₆ 6 ina ZALAG₂ | |
| 3 | dele-bat e GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 4 SI | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] ⸢ṣal⸣-lum-u₂ [N] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ e kip-pat mi-⸢ših-šu₂⸣ | |
| 2 | ⸢ana⸣ [...] ⸢ŠU₂⸣ GE₆ 30 ⸢USAN⸣ ṣal-lum-mu-u₂ ki ⸢UŠ⸣-a | |
| 3 | 4 [x x x] ⸢x x kip-pat⸣ | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.