-143A (X301431)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | -143A |
|---|---|
| ID | X301431 |
| Museum no. | BM 34045 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] 1'1'–1'1' | [...] passed to the east; the north? wind [blew? ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] 2'2'–2'2' | [... Night of the 4th, beginning] of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind γ Virginis ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] 3'3'–3'3' | [... cu]bits high to the north; the north wind blew. The 5th, Sirius’ first appearance; I did not watch; the north wind bl[ew ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] 4'4'–4'4' | [...] low to the south; the north wind blew; last part of the night, Venus was 1 cu[bit] below μ Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] 5'5'–5'5' | [... Night of the 9th, beginning of the ni]ght, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind α Scorpii, the moon being 4 cubits high to the north; the north wind blew. The 9th, [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] 6'6'–6'6' | [... Night of the 10th, last part of the night, Venus was N cub]its [above γ Geminorum], Venus having passed 4 fingers to the east. The 10th, the north wind blew. Night of the 11th (and) the 11th, the north wind blew. Night of the 12th, [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] 7'7'–7'7' | [... Night] of the 14th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of γ Capricorni, the moon being 2 cubits [high to the north ...] |
| Obverse [7:8] 8'8'–8'8' | [...] high to the north; the north wind blew. The 15th, sunrise to moonset: 12º, measured (despite) mist; the north wind blew. Night of the 16th, [sunset to moonrise:] 10º, [measured ...] |
| Obverse [8:9] 9'9'–9'9' | [...] the north wind blew. Night of the 19th, the north wind blew; last part of the night, the moon was 1 [cubit] behind η Piscium [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] 10'10'–10'10' | [...] The 20th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 21st, the north wind blew; last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind η Tauri, the moon being [... high to the north ...] |
| Obverse [10:11] 11'11'–11'11' | [... Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was] 3 cubits [behind α] Tauri, the moon being 2/3 cubit high to the north. The 22nd, sunset to setting of Jupiter: 13º; the north wind bl[ew ...] |
| Obverse [11:12] 12'12'–12'12' | [... Night of the 2]4th, last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits behind γ Geminorum, the moon being 1/2 cubit high to the north. The 24th, [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] 13'13'–13'13' | [...] low to the south. The 25th, the north wind blew. Night of the 26th, the north wind blew; last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind [δ Cancri ...] |
| Obverse [13:14] 14'14'–14'14' | [... Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2 1/2 cubits behind ε Leonis, the moon being 5 cubits low to the south. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: [13º,] measured; the north wind [blew ...] |
| Obverse [14:15] 15'15'–15'15' | [...] 3 pānu? 5 sūtu?; not good, 2 pānu 3 sūtu; dates, in the beginning of the month, 1 kurru 1 pānu? 4 sūtu; from the 11th until the 17th?, 1 kurru [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] 16'16'–16'16' | [... in the beg]inning of the month, 5 sūtu 4? qa, until the end of the month, 1 pānu; sesame, in the be[ginning of the month,] 3 sūtu 3 qa; from the 11th until the 24th, [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] 17'17'–17'17' | [...] at the end of the month, in Cancer; Mercury and Saturn, which had set, were not visible; Mars was in Aquarius. That month, the river level receded 1 cubit 4 fingers, total: [...] |
| Obverse [17:18] 18'18'–18'18' | [... Th]at [month,] I heard as follows: the troops which to Susa ... of Susa [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] 19'19'–19'19' | [...] many? [...] which had ... to Elam, they made enter Susa [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] 20'20'–20'20' | [...] the general of ... and the troops of Antiochus, son of Alexander, who retur[ned? ...] |
| Obverse [20:21] 21'21'–21'21' | [...] departed. That month, redness occurred again and again in the east and west. That month, there was simmu-disease, scabies and scurf in the land. |
| Obverse [21:22] 22'22'–22'22' | [... as befo]re?. |
| Obverse [22:23] 23'23'–23'23' | [Month V, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... the moon was] 1 cubit [below γ Virgin]is, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. [Ni]ght of the 2nd, the north wind blew. Night of the 3rd, the north wind blew. The 3rd, Mercury’s first appearance in the west in Virgo; I did not watch; the north wind blew. |
| Obverse [23:24] 24'24'–24'24' | [... Night of the 5th, beginning] of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of β Scorpii, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits high to the north; the north wind blew. Around the 5th, Mars’ acronychal rising; I did not watch. |
| Obverse [24:25] 25'25'–25'25' | [... Night of the 7th, beginning] of the night, the moon was 2 cubits above θ Ophiuchi, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east; the north wind blew. The 7th, the north wind blew. Night of the 8th (and) the 8th, [...] |
| Obverse [25:26] 26'26'–26'26' | [... Night of the 10th,] beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits [...] the lower star of the horn of Capricorn; the north wind blew. The 10th, Saturn’s [first appearance] in Leo, 3 cubits 4 fingers behind α Le[onis ...] |
| Obverse [26:27] 27'27'–27'27' | [...] cubits, the moon having passed [nn] cubits to the east; the north wind blew. The 12th, the north wind blew. Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon [stood] 2+[x cubits] in front of Mars [to the west ...] |
| Obverse [27:28] 28'28'–28'28' | [...] ... at 16º before sunrise. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 5º, measured (despite) mist; the north wind blew. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 5º 20'? [...] |
| Obverse [28:29] 29'29'–29'29' | [...] a star? became visible in the sky on the south side of the moon. The 16th, the north wind blew. Night of the 17th, the nor[th wind ...] |
| Obverse [29:30] 30'30'–30'30' | [... last part of the night, Saturn was] 1/2 cubit [above ρ Leoni]s. The 18th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Virgo; from its first appearance un[til ...] |
| Obverse [30:31] 31'31'–31'31' | [... Night of the 20th,] the north wind blew; last part of the night, the moon was [...] below? ζ Tauri [...] |
| Obverse [31:32] 32'32'–32'32' | [...] blew?; last part of the night, the moon was [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| 1' | [... ana] NIM DIB ⸢SI⸣ [GIN ...] | |
| 2' | [... GE₆ 4 SAG] GE₆ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ ana SI NIM SI GIN 5 KAK.BAN IGI NU PAP SI ⸢GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢ana⸣ ULU₃ SIG SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 9 SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ar₂ SI₄ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM SI GIN 9 [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 10 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA N] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ dele-bat 4 U ana NIM DIB 10 SI GIN GE₆ 11 11 SI GIN GE₆ 12 [...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆] 14 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢ana⸣ [SI NIM ...] | |
| 8' | [... ana] SI NIM SI GIN 15 12 na a-kam₂ muš SI GIN GE₆ 16 10 UŠ [GE₆ muš ...] | |
| 9' | [...] SI GIN GE₆ 19 SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 1 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 10' | [...] 20 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 21 SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin [N N ana SI NIM ...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ is]-le₁₀ 3 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 22 13 na MUL₂.BABBAR SI ⸢GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [... GE₆] 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 3 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana⸣ SI NIM 24 [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ana ULU₃ SIG 25 SI GIN GE₆ 26 SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-[ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ N N ...] | |
| 14' | [... GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ar₂ SAG-A 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 5 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 27 13 KUR muš ⸢SI⸣ [x x] | |
| 15' | [...] 3(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) NU DU₃-tu₂ 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) ZU₂ ina SAG ITU 1 GUR 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) TA 11 EN 17 1 ⸢GUR⸣ [x x] | |
| 16' | [... ina] ⸢SAG⸣ ITU 5(BAN₂) 4 qa EN TIL ITU 1(BARIG) PI ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ ina ⸢SAG⸣ [ITU] 3(BAN₂) 3 qa TA 11 EN 24 [x x] | |
| 17' | [...] ina TIL ITU ina ALLA GU₄.UD u GENNA ša₂ ŠU₂-u₂ NU IGI{meš} AN ina GU ITU BI ILLU 1 KUŠ₃ 4 U LAL PAP [x x] | |
| 18' | [... ITU] ⸢BI⸣ al-te-me um-ma {lu₂}ERIN₂{meš} ša₂ ana {uru}⸢MUŠ₂⸣.ŠEŠ₂{ki} [x x] ša₂ {uru}MUŠ₂.ŠEŠ₂{[ki} ...] | |
| 19' | [...] ⸢MAH{meš⸣} ša₂ ana KUR {lu₂}NIM.MA{ki} ina LUL TE-⸢u₂⸣ ana {uru}MUŠ₂.[ŠEŠ₂]{ki} ul-te-ri-bu-[u₂] | |
| 20' | [...] {lu₂}GAL ERIN₂{meš} ša₂ na-ṣi-bi-il u {lu₂}ERIN₂{meš} ša₂ {m}an A ša₂ {m}a-lik-sa-an-dar ša₂ i-tu-⸢ru⸣ [LUGAL] | |
| 21' | [...] ⸢x⸣ TUH-uʾ ITU BI su-um [ina] GIŠ.NIM u GIŠ.ŠU₂ GAR.GAR-an ITU BI si-im-mu ek-ke-tu₄ u ri-šu-tu₂ ina ⸢KUR⸣ | |
| 22' | [... GIM IGI]-⸢u₂⸣ | |
| 23' | {[itu}NE 1 ... sin SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI]-⸢ABSIN⸣ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB ⸢GE₆⸣ 2 SI GIN GE₆ 3 SI GIN 3 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina ABSIN IGI NU PAP SI GIN | |
| 24' | [... GE₆ 5 SAG] GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-⸢ša₂⸣-[SAG]-GIR₂.TAB 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢SI⸣ NIM SI GIN in 5 AN ana ME E-⸢a NU PAP⸣ | |
| 25' | [... GE₆ 7 SAG] GE₆ sin e MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ ana NIM DIB SI GIN 7 SI GIN GE₆ 8 8 [x x x] | |
| 26' | [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin [x] MUL₂ SIG ša₂ SI MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ SI GIN 10 GENNA ina A 3 KUŠ₃ 4 U ar₂ ⸢LUGAL⸣ [IGI x x] | |
| 27' | [...] KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [N] KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB SI GIN 12 SI GIN GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI AN 2+[x x x x] | |
| 28' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ 16 GE₆ ana ZALAG₂ 1 4 5 na a-kam₂ muš SI GIN GE₆ 15 5.20 GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 29' | [...] MUL₂ ina AN-e A₂ ULU₃ sin IGI 16 SI GIN GE₆ 17 ⸢SI⸣ [...] | |
| 30' | [... ina ZALAG₂ GENNA e MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂]-⸢LUGAL⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ 18 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina ABSIN ŠU₂ ⸢TA IGI-šu₂ EN⸣ [...] | |
| 31' | [... GE₆ 20 SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG ⸢ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃⸣ [N N ...] | |
| 32' | [...] ⸢GIN⸣ ina ZALAG₂ sin ⸢x⸣ [...] |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.