-140D (X301404)
Astronomical Diary, Parthian, Babylon · c. 141 BCE–224 CE
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| Designation | -140D |
|---|---|
| ID | X301404 |
| Museum no. | BM 45911 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Parthian · c. 141 BCE–224 CE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] the moon? ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] the north wind blew?. Night? of the 21st?, [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [...] ... clouds were in the sky; in the afternoon, [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | Night of the 26th, clouds crossed the sky; all ni[ght? ...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | the moon stood [x]+1/2 cubit behind [Mars] to the east. The 26th?, ... [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [...] a little rain shower ... [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] lightning, slow thunder, a little rain shower. Night? [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [dat]es, until the middle of the month, 2 kurru 2 pānu 3 sūtu, until the end of the month, 2 kurru 3 pānu [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [Mars, in the beginning] of the month?, was in Sagittarius?; the 28th?, Mars reached Capricorn. That month, the river level, from the 1st to the [xth], receded 20 fingers, total: [x] was the na (gauge); from [the xth to the xth], it rose 20 fingers, total: 19? was the na (gauge) [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [...] ... panic of the enemy occurred in the land. Thighs Elamite enemy ... [...] ... [...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] ... big? and small? inside thighs city ... [...] the [...] of Seleucia [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [...] ..., son of Antiochus? the general? [...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [...] ... on the door [...] ... [...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [14:17] o 15'15'– | [...] Antiochus the general [...] |
| Bottom [1:2] b.e. 22–b.e. 22 | [...] when it became stationary [to the east], it became stationary ... [...] |
| Bottom [2:4] b.e. 33– | Month [... un]til? the 24th?, Venus? [and] ... when I watched were not seen with γ and δ Capricorni. |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | [Month XI, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: nn°]; it was bright, earthshine, measured (despite) clouds; it could be seen whighle (the sun) stood there; it was low to the sun. Ni[ght of the 1st ...] ... overcast, a little rain shower, the south? wind blew; all? night clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, Mars was 2 cubits? below? β Capricorni. ... very overcast, the south wind blew. Night [of the 2nd], beginning of the night, clouds were in the sky ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | The 2nd, [clouds were] in the sky, the south wind blew; in the afternoon, overcast. Night of the 3rd, all night very overcast; last part of the night, [a litt]le rain shower. The 3rd, very overcast, rain shower, the south wind blew; in the afternoon, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was 6? cubits [below] β Arietis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east ... [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | The 4th, in the morning, overcast, the north wind blew; in the afternoon, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 5th, clouds were in the sky. The 5th, in the morning, overcast; the north wind which was set to the west side blew, cold; at noon, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 6th, clouds were in the sky; beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind η Tauri, the moon being 4 cubits low to the south. The 6th, the north wind which [was set to the west side blew.] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 44–r 44 | Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit 8 fingers behind α Tauri. The 7th, the north wind which was set to the [west side blew]. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was 8 fingers below ζ Tauri, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. The 8th, clouds were in the sky, the no[rth wind blew]; in the afternoon, very overcast, the south wind blew. Night of the 9th, clouds were in the sky; beginning of the night, [the moon was] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 55–r 55 | 2 cubits above γ Geminorum, the moon having passed a little to the east; first part of the night, [...] slow thunder, large rain DUL, strong gusty wind. The 9th, in the morning, clouds were in the sky, gusty south wind; in the afternoon, the north wind blew. Night of the 10th, clouds were in the sky, lightning flashed; beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of β Geminorum, |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | the moon being 2 cubits low to the south. The 10th, in the morning, very overcast, the north wind blew. Night of the 11th, beginn[ing of the night, the m]oon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of δ Cancri. The 11th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 12th, first part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits below ε Leonis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. The 12th, thin clouds were in the sky [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | in the afternoon, overcast, the south wind blew. Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, clouds crossed the sky [... clou]ds were in the sky, the north wind blew. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 3° 30', measured. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 8°, measured; first part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind θ Leonis, the moon being 4 cubits low to the south. The 1[4th, Me]rcury’s first appearance in the west in Pisces; it was bright (and) high, |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | sunset to setting of Mercury: 16° 30'; (ideal) first appearance on the 10th. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 9°, measured; at noon, [clouds were in the] sky. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 10°, measured (despite) clouds; clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew; last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind γ Virginis, it stood 3 cubits in front of Saturn to the west. The 15th, thin clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew; the sun [was surrounded?] by a h[alo.] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | Night of the 16th, thin clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind α Virginis, the moon being 3 cubits high to the north. The 16th, clouds were in the sky, the south and east winds blew. Night of the 17th, all night clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of α Librae, the moon being 2 cubits high to the north. |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | The 17th, clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew; in the afternoon, very overcast. Night of the 18th, cl[ouds? ...]; last part of the night, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits in front of β Scorpii. The 18th, the north wind blew. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 4 cubits above α Scorpii. The 19th, the north wind blew. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits below θ Ophiuchi, |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. The 20th, gusty north and west winds blew, clouds crossed [the sky]. Night of the 21st (and) the 21st, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 22nd, clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind Jupiter; last part of the night, Mars was 1/2 cubit above γ Capricorni. The 22nd, clouds [...] the sky, |
| Reverse [11:12] r 1212–r 1212 | the north wind which was set to the west side blew. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of β Capricorni, the moon being 3 1/2 cubits low to the south. The 23rd, the north wind which was set to the west side blew. Night of the 2[4th, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | 3 cubits in front of γ Capricorni. The 24th, the north wind blew. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind γ Capricorni, it stood 2 1/2 cubits behind Mars to the east; last part of the night, Mars was 1/2 cubit above δ Capricorni. Night of the 26th, clouds were in the sky, the s[outh wind blew] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | [...] The 26th, all day clouds were in the sky, gusty north and west winds blew. Night of the 27th, all night clouds were in the sky. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 15°; clouds, I did not watch [...] and west winds blew. Night of the 28th, clouds were in the sky. The 28th, ... the north? wind blew [...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | [... Night] of the 29th, all night very overcast. The 29th, clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew. That month, the equivalent was: barley, 3 pānu 1+[x] sūtu; dat[es ...] pānu, until the end of the month, 2 kurru [...] |
| Reverse [15:16] r 1616–r 1616 | [...] 2+⸢x⸣ minas. At that time, Jupiter was in Sagittarius; Venus and Mars were in Capricorn; Saturn was in Virgo; the 7th, Venus [reached] Aquarius [...] ... [...] |
| Reverse [16:17] r 1717–r 1717 | [...] was the na (gauge); from the 15th to [...] receded, total [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [x x x x] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [x x x x] sin ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [x] SI ⸢GIN GE₆ 21 [...] | |
| 4' | ⸢x DIR⸣ AN ZA ina KIN.⸢SIG⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | ⸢GE₆ 26 DIR AN DIB ⸢kal GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | ⸢ar₂⸣ [AN x]+1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB 26 SI⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [x x] ⸢UTAH i-ṣa x x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [x x x] GIR₂ GU₃ U ne₂-hi AN UTAH i-ṣa ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [ZU₂].⸢LUM EN MURUB₄⸣ ITU 2 GUR 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) EN TIL ITU 2 GUR 3(BARIG) [...] | |
| 10' | [AN ina SAG] ITU ina PA 28 AN MAŠ₂ KUR-ad₂ ITU BI ILLU TA 1 EN [x] 20 SI LAL ⸢PAP⸣ [x] ⸢na TA⸣ [x EN x] 20 SI GIN PAP 19 na [...] | |
| 11' | [...] ⸢u₂⸣ hat-tu₄ {lu₂}KUR₂ ina KUR GAR-at {lu₂}KUR₂ NIM.MA{⸢ki} MU⸣-a-ti₃ ⸢x x x x⸣ [x x] ⸢x x x⸣ [x] ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢x x x x⸣ GAL u TUR ina ŠA₃ URU MU-a-⸢ti₃⸣ [x] ⸢x x x x x x x⸣ [x x x] {lu₂}[x] {uru}se-[lu]-ke-⸢ʾa-a⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] x x x x x x x A-šu₂ ša₂ {m}an-ti-[ʾu]-uk-⸢su⸣ {[lu₂]}⸢GAL ERIN₂⸣ [x x] ⸢x x⸣ [x x] ⸢x x x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] ⸢x x x x⸣ UGU KA₂ [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | [...] {⸢m}an-ti-ʾu-uk⸣-su {lu₂}GAL ERIN₂{meš} [...] | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | [...] ki UŠ-⸢u₂⸣ [...] 14 UŠ [...] | |
| 3 | ITU [x x (x)] ⸢EN⸣ 24 dele-⸢bat⸣ [u] ⸢x⸣ KI SUHUR-IGI-u-ar₂ ki PAP [x x x] NU IGI{meš} | |
| r | ||
| 1 | [ZIZ₂ 30 N na]-⸢su⸣ KUR₄ a-pir DIR muš ina GUB IGI ana šamaš₂ SIG ⸢GE₆⸣ 1 x x] ⸢x⸣ ŠU₂ ⸢AN UTAH i-ṣa⸣ ULU₃ GIN kal ⸢GE₆ DIR AN ZA⸣ ina ZALAG₂ AN SIG SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ x x ⸢x⸣ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 2 SAG GE₆ DIR AN ZA ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | 2 [DIR] ⸢AN⸣ ZA ULU₃ GIN ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂ GE₆ 3 kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ AN ⸢UTAH i⸣-ṣa 3 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH ULU₃ GIN ina KIN.SIG DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin [SIG] MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN 6 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3 | 4 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂ SI GIN ina KIN.SIG DIR AN ZA GE₆ 5 DIR AN ZA 5 ⸢ina še-ri₃⸣ ŠU₂ SI ša₂ PA MAR GAR GIN ŠED₇ AN.BAR₇ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 6 DIR AN ZA SAG ⸢GE₆ sin⸣ ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃ sin⸣ 4 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 6 SI ša₂ ⸢PA⸣ [MAR GAR GIN] | |
| 4 | GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ is-le₁₀ 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI 7 SI ša₂ PA MAR [GAR GIN] GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin SIG ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 8 SI sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB 8 DIR AN ZA ⸢SI⸣ [GIN] ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 9 DIR AN ZA SAG GE₆ [sin] | |
| 5 | e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB USAN [x x (x)] GU₃ U ne₂-hi AN GAL.GAL DUL-hat IM ŠAR₂ KALAG 9 ina še-ri₃ DIR AN ZA ULU₃ ŠAR₂ ina KIN.SIG ⸢SI⸣ GIN GE₆ 10 DIR AN ZA GIR₂ GIR₂ SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ [N N] | |
| 6 | sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 10 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI GIN GE₆ 11 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆] ⸢sin⸣ ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 11 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 12 USAN sin SIG SAG-A 3 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB 12 DIR SAL AN ZA [(x x)] | |
| 7 | ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂ ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ DIR AN DIB [x x (x)] ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA SI GIN 13 3.30 ŠU₂ muš GE₆ 14 8 ME muš USAN sin ar₂ GIŠ.KUN-A 1 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 14 GU₄⸣.UD ina ŠU₂ ina zib{me} IGI KUR NIM-a | |
| 8 | 16.30 na-su in 10 IGI 14 9 na muš AN.⸢BAR₇⸣ [DIR AN] ⸢ZA⸣ GE₆ 15 10 UŠ GE₆ DIR muš DIR AN ZA SI GIN ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ ina IGI GENNA 3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB 15 ⸢DIR SAL⸣ AN ZA ULU₃ GIN šamaš₂ ⸢TUR₃⸣ [NIGIN] | |
| 9 | GE₆ 16 DIR SAL AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-⸢ABSIN⸣ [N N] ⸢sin⸣ 3 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 16 DIR AN ZA ULU₃ u KUR GIN{meš} GE₆ 17 kal GE₆ DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM | |
| 10 | 17 DIR AN ZA ULU₃ GIN ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 18 ⸢DIR⸣ [x x] ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ 18 SI GIN GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin e SI₄ 4 KUŠ₃ 19 SI GIN GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 11 | sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB 20 SI u MAR ŠAR₂{meš} GIN{meš} ⸢DIR⸣ [AN] DIB GE₆ 21 21 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 22 DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 1 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ AN e ⸢MUL₂⸣-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 1/2 KUŠ₃ 22 DIR AN [x] | |
| 12 | SI ša₂ PA MAR GAR GIN GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SI-MAŠ₂ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ ⸢SIG⸣ 23 SI ša₂ <PA> MAR GAR GIN GE₆ 24 [ina ZALAG₂ sin] | |
| 13 | ⸢ina IGI⸣ MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 3 KUŠ₃ 24 SI GIN GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ar₂ AN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB ina ZALAG₂ AN e MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-⸢MAŠ₂⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 26 DIR AN ZA ⸢ULU₃⸣ [GIN] | |
| 14 | [x x x] 26 kal ME DIR AN ZA SI u MAR ŠAR₂{meš} GIN{meš} GE₆ 27 kal GE₆ DIR AN ZA 27 15 KUR DIR ⸢NU PAP⸣ [x x (x)] u MAR GIN{meš} GE₆ 28 DIR AN ⸢ZA 28 x x SI GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 15 | [... GE₆] 29 kal⸣ GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 29 DIR AN ZA ULU₃ GIN ITU BI KI.LAM še-im 3(BARIG) 1+N(BAN₂) ⸢ZU₂⸣ [...] ⸢PI⸣ EN TIL ITU 2 GUR [...] | |
| 16 | [...] 2+x MA.NA i⸣-[nu]-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina PA dele-bat u AN ina MAŠ₂ GENNA ina ABSIN 7 dele-bat ⸢GU⸣ [KUR-ad₂ ...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 17 | [...] ⸢na⸣ TA 15 EN [x x x] ⸢LAL⸣ PAP [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.