-125A (X301251)
Astronomical Diary, Parthian, Babylon · c. 141 BCE–224 CE
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| Designation | -125A |
|---|---|
| ID | X301251 |
| Museum no. | BM 45708 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Parthian · c. 141 BCE–224 CE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [... (the moon)] stood [...] to the east?, [it stood] 2 cubits behind Mars [to the east ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [...] in the morning, clouds crossed the sky, rain DUL, the west wind blew. Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the m[oon ...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | [... Night of the 8th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of ρ Leonis, the moon being 2 cubits low to the south; first part of the night, Mars was 1 cubit above μ Geminorum. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] below [θ Leonis] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [... Night of the 10th, ... last part of the night, Venus] was 1/2 cubit above Saturn. The 10th, in the morning, clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew; in the afternoon, gusty strong north and west winds blew. Night of the 11th, when the moon came out of a cloud, it was 1 cubit below γ Virginis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east ... [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | [... Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moo]n was 1/2 cubit behind α Virginis. Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon was 4 cubits in front of α Librae; first part of the night, Mars was 4 cubits above γ Geminorum. The 13th, there was no ‘moonset to sunrise’ and ‘sunrise to moonset’ interval (observable). Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 2°; I did not watch; last part of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | [... Night of the 1]5th, sunset to moonrise: 13°; clouds, I did not watch; all night very overcast. The 15th, all day clouds were in the sky, the west wind blew; in the afternoon, a little rain shower. Night of the 16th, all night very overcast. The 16th, last appearance of Mercury in the east in Aries: from the 12th on, when I watched I did not see it [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [...] ...; in the afternoon, much slow thunder, heavy rain, PISAN DIB, the south wind blew. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit below β Capricorni, the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 21st, very overcast, lightning flashed; in the middle watch, slow thunder [(...) last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | 1 1/2 cubits [in front of? γ ? Capricorni], the moon being 2 cubits [high to the north?. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was] 3 1/2 cubits behind δ Capricorni. The 22nd, in the afternoon, very overcast. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, clouds were in the sky. The 23rd, clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew; in the afternoon, very overcast. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit above Jupiter, the moon being [... back to the west?, ... above Saturn,] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [the moon being] 4 fingers back to the west; last part of the night, Jupiter was [...] above? [Saturn, Ju]piter being 2 fingers back to the west. The 24th, thin clouds were in the sky. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, clouds crossed the sky. The 25th, in the morning, very overcast, rain shower; all day clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 26th, very overcast. The 26th, very overcast, the east wind blew [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [...] The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 9° 30'´; clouds, I did not watch; in the afternoon, [...] in the afternoon, very overcast, the east wind blew. That month, the equivalent was: barley, the 1st, 3 sūtu 2 qa; the 2nd, 3 sūtu t 4 1/2 qa; the 3rd, 4th, (and) 5th, 4 sūtu; the 6th (and) 7th, 5 sūtu; from the 8th to the 15th, 4 sūtu 4 qa; from the 16th to the 20th, 5 sūtu; the 21st (and) 22nd, [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | [from] the 25th to the end of the month, 3 sūtu 2 qa; dates, in the beginning of the month, 2 pānu 4 sūtu; [from the nth] to the 11th, 1 pānu 5 sūtu; from the 12th to the 15th, 2 pānu; the 16th (and) 17th, 2 pānu 1 sūtu 3 qa; the 18th (and) 19th, 2 pānu3 sūtu; the 20th, 21st, (and) 22nd, 2 pānu 3 sūtu 3 qa; the 23rd (and) 24th, 2 pānu 4 sūtu 3 qa; until the end of the month, 2 pānu; mustard, 4 [kurru ...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [nn] minas for 1 shekel of wrought silver which were given in the land. That month, ..., garlic, leek and all ... crops were expensive. At that time, Jupiter was in Pisces; Venus was in Aquarius; around the 2nd, Venus reached Pisces; around the 29th, Venus reached Aries; Mercury was in Pisces; around the 12th, [Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Pisces; Saturn was in Pisces;] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [Mars was in] Gemini. That month, the river level, until the 10th, rose 1/2 cubit, total: 26 was the na (gauge); until the 23rd, it remained constant; the 24th, it receded 4 fingers, <total: 27 was the na (gauge)>; the 25th (and) 26th, it rose 4 fingers, total: 26 was the na (gauge); until the end of the month, it remained constant. That month, the 3rd, a devastation of Adad, ... on the edge? of ... [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | [...] ..., a servant of Marduk, on the edge? which is on the side of the ...-house in the back? of ... [...] baked bricks of lapislazuli ... baked bricks of thighs back? (house) fell to the ground. 28 Babylonians in thighs edge? in bitumen [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [...] The 2nd, the satrap of Babylonia went out from Babylon. On the 5th, I heard that ... bazzanitā who put? water in the river ... [...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | [...] massacred them and brought about their defeat in battle. Thighs city they destroyed and plundered. The people from among them ... [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | [...] ... which is therein? which is called? river Nagrā they went up. The crops ... the people from inside? [...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | [...] on the Euphrates they made, and threw into the river. That month, the 6th, the citizens ... [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [...] Ninâ and the fields belonging to them which before? which in the year 185 were torn down [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 2020 | [...] in year 185 at the command of Aspasinē they began tearing down in it [...] |
| Obverse [20:22] o 2121–o 2222 | [...] ... in the land as before. That month, the Arabs ... [...] went around in the land [...] |
| Obverse [21:23] o 2222– | [Month II, ...] ... [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] the moon being 1/2 cubit high to the north. Night of the 22nd, last part of the [night, ...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] ... 2? cubits. Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits below ε Leonis, the moon being 1/2 cubit [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [... dates, in the beginning of] the month, 1 pān4 sūtu, in the middle of the month, 2 pānu, until the end of the month, 2 pānu 1 sūtu3? qa; mustard, [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [... Mercury, in the beginning of the mo]nth, was in Cancer; around the 12th, Mercury reached Leo; around the 17th, Mercury’s [last appearance in] the east [in Leo; Mars, which had set, was not visible ...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... Seleuc]ia which is on the Tigris [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... the assembly of the Esan]gila and the Babylonians [provided] 4? (sheep) sacrifices [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] a bitch gave birth [...] |
| Reverse [7:9] r 8'8'–r 9'9' | [...] as before. That month, [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [Month VI, ...] ... I did not watch. Night of the 2nd, the moon [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [...] ... around the 8th, [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Jupit]er’s acronychal rising. Ni[ght ...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [...] at 41° after sunrise [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [...] 5? cubits. The 17th, a gusty west wind bl[ew ...] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | [...] 2 cubits [...] α Geminorum. Ni[ght ...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [... x]+2 cubits low to the south [...] |
| Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16' | [...] moonrise to sunrise: 20°?, I did not watch. Night of the 21+[xth, ...] |
| Reverse [16:17] r 17'17'–r 17'17' | [...] it cleared; 35° onset and clearing [...] |
| Reverse [17:18] r 18'18'–r 18'18' | [... of the mo]nth, 5 sūtu; from the 26th to the end of the month, 4 sūtu 4 qa [...] |
| Reverse [18:19] r 19'19'–r 19'19' | [... which had se]t, were not visible. That month, the river level [...] |
| Reverse [19:20] r 20'20'–r 20'20' | [...] went. The Arabs [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [...] ⸢x NIM GUB⸣ ar₂ AN 2 KUŠ₃ [ana NIM GUB ...] | |
| 2 | [...] ina še-ri₃ DIR AN DIB AN DUL-hat MAR GIN GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ [...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 3 | [... GE₆ 8 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ ⸢SIG USAN AN e⸣ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin SIG [GIŠ.KUN-A n n] | |
| 4 | [... GE₆ 10 ... ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat] ⸢e⸣ GENNA 1/2 KUŠ₃ 10 ina še-ri₃ DIR AN ZA ULU₃ GIN ina KIN.SIG SI u MAR ŠAR₂{meš} KALAG{meš} GIN{meš} GE₆ 11 sin TA DIR ki E-a SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 5 | [... GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆] ⸢sin⸣ ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 4 KUŠ₃ USAN AN e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 4 KUŠ₃ 13 ŠU₂ u na NU TUK GE₆ 14 2 ME NU PAP ina ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 6 | [... GE₆] 15 13 GE₆ DIR NU PAP kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 15 kal ME DIR AN ZA MAR GIN ina KIN.SIG AN UTAH i-ṣa GE₆ 16 kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 16 ŠU₂ ša₂ GU₄.UD ina NIM ina HUN TA 12 ki PAP NU ⸢IGI⸣ [...] | |
| 7 | [...] ⸢x⸣ ina KIN.SIG GU₃ U MAH ne₂-hi AN GAL.GAL PISAN DIB ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG SI-MAŠ₂ 1 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB GE₆ 21 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GIR₂ GIR₂ EN.NUN.MURUB₄ GU₃ U ⸢ne₂⸣-[hi (...) ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI] | |
| 8 | [SUHUR]-⸢IGI⸣ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢ana⸣ [SI NIM GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ⸢ar₂⸣ SUHUR-ar₂ 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ 22 ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ DIR AN ZA 23 DIR AN ZA ULU₃ GIN ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MUL₂.BABBAR 1 KUŠ₃ sin n n ana ŠU₂ LAL e GENNA n n] | |
| 9 | [sin] 4 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL ina ZALAG₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ⸢e⸣ [GENNA n n MUL₂].⸢BABBAR⸣ 2 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL 24 DIR SAL AN ZA GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ DIR AN DIB 25 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH kal ME DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 26 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 26 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ KUR GIN [...] | |
| 10 | [(x)] 27 9.30 KUR DIR NU PAP ina KIN.⸢SIG⸣ [x x x] ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ KUR GIN ITU BI ⸢KI⸣.LAM še-im 1 3(BAN₂) 2 qa 2 3(BAN₂) 4 1/2 qa 3 4 5 4(BAN₂) 6 7 5(BAN₂) TA 8 EN 15 4(BAN₂) 4 qa TA 16 EN 20 5(BAN₂) 21 22 [...] | |
| 11 | [TA] 25 EN TIL ITU 3(BAN₂) 2 qa ZU₂ ina SAG ITU 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) [TA n] ⸢EN⸣ 11 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) TA 12 EN 15 2(BARIG) PI 16 17 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) 3 qa 18 19 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) 20 21 22 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) 3 qa 23 24 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 3 qa EN TIL ITU 2(BARIG) PI kas₃ 4 [GUR ...] | |
| 12 | [n] MA.NA a-na 1 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR ep₂-šu₂ ša₂ ina KUR SUM-in ITU BI ⸢x⸣ [SUM].⸢SAR⸣ SUM.SIKIL.SAR u BURU₁₄ ma-hal-tu₂ DU₃.A.BI aq-ri i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina zib{me} dele-bat ina GU in 2 dele-bat zib{me} KUR in 29 dele-bat HUN KUR GU₄.UD ina zib{me} in 12 [GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina zib{me} ŠU₂ GENNA ina zib{me]} | |
| 13 | [AN ina] MAŠ.MAŠ ITU BI ILLU EN 10 1/2 KUŠ₃ GIN PAP 26 na EN 23 GUB 24 4 SI LAL <PAP 27 na> 25 26 4 SI GIN PAP 26 na EN TIL ITU GUB ITU BI U₄ 3.KAM₂ RA-tu₂ {d}IM ṭi-bi-ih UMBIN ina SI ša₂ E₂.⸢SA⸣.[BAD ...] | |
| 14 | [x x] x x DA {lu₂}DUMU {d}AMAR-UTU ina SI ša₂ ana DA E₂.<<SA>>.BAD ina a-bur-ru ša₂ a x [x x] a-gur{meš} ša₂ {na₄}ZA.GIN₃ <ša₂> GAL₂-ši ši-ta a-gur{meš} ša₂ a-bur-ru a₄ ana KI ŠUB{meš} 28 {lu₂}E{ki}{meš} SI MU-a-ti₃ ina ESIR{hi.[a} ...] | |
| 15 | [x x] ⸢U₄⸣ 2.KAM₂ {lu₂}mu-<ma>-ʾi-ir KUR URI{ki} TA E{ki} E₃ U₄ 5.KAM₂ al-te-e ša₂ {⸢lu₂⸣}UN{meš} ba-az-za-ni-ta-a ša₂ ina {id₂}a-meš-ša₂-an ZI ⸢x x x x x⸣ [...] ⸢x x TA x⸣ ... [...] | |
| 16 | [x x x] ⸢di⸣-ik-tu₂ ina ŠA₃-šu₂-nu DU₃-uʾ BAD₅.BAD₅-šu₂-nu ina {giš}TUKUL GAR-uʾ URU BI ih-pu-u₂ u ⸢iš-lu⸣-lu-u₂ {lu₂}UN{meš} TA ŠA₃-šu₂-nu ina IGI ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 17 | [x x x]-⸢si⸣-ne₂-e ša₂ ina ŠA₃ ša₂ tat-ṭa-ri-du-uʾ {id₂}na-ag-ra-a E₁₁{meš} BURU₁₄{meš} [x] x GIN{meš} {lu₂}UN{meš} TA ⸢ŠA₃⸣ [...] | |
| 18 | [x x]-tu₂ ina muh-hi {id₂}BURANUN DU₃-uʾ u ana ID₂ ŠUB{meš} ITU BI U₄ 6 {lu₂}pu-li-te-e ⸢x ša₂ i⸣-ṭa-ri-⸢du⸣ [...] | |
| 19 | [x x x] ⸢x⸣ ni-na₂-a u A.ŠA₃{meš} at-tu-šu₂-nu ša₂ ina IGI.AM₃ ša₂ ina MU 1 ME 60+25.KAM₂ na-qar-ru-uʾ [...] | |
| 20 | [ina IGI].AM₃ ina MU 1 ME 60+25.KAM₂ ina a-mat {m}as-pa-a-si-ne₂-e na-qar ina lib₃-bi ul-te-ru-u₂ [...] | |
| 21 | [x x] ⸢hat⸣-tu₂ ina KUR GIM IGI-ma ITU BI {lu₂}ar-ba-a-a ⸢x x x⸣ [x x] ina KUR ⸢i-se-gu-u₂⸣ [...] | |
| 22 | [GU₄ x x] ⸢x x x x x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM GE₆ 22 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢x⸣ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG SAG-A 3 KUŠ₃⸣ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 3' | [... ZU₂ ina SAG] ⸢ITU⸣ 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ina MURUB₄ ITU 2(BARIG) PI EN TIL ITU 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) 3 qa kas₃ [...] | |
| 4' | [... GU₄.UD ina SAG] ⸢ITU⸣ ina ALLA in 12 GU₄.UD A KUR in 17 GU₄.⸢UD⸣ [ina] ⸢NIM⸣ [ina A ŠU₂ AN ša₂ ŠU₂-u₂ NU IGI ...] | |
| 5' | [... {uru}se-lu]-⸢ke⸣-ʾa-a ša₂ ina UGU {id₂}⸢IDIGNA⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [... {lu₂}ŠA₃.TAM E₂].⸢SAG⸣.GIL₂ u {lu₂}E{ki}{meš} 4 SISKUR [...] | |
| 7' | [...] MI₂.UR U₃.TU [...] | |
| 8' | [...] GIM IGI-ma ITU ⸢BI⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [KIN ...] x NU PAP GE₆ 2 sin [...] | |
| 10' | [...] x in 8 [...] | |
| 11' | [... MUL₂].⸢BABBAR⸣ ana ME E-a ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [...] in 41 ME NIM-[a ...] | |
| 13' | [...] 5 KUŠ₃ 17 MAR ŠAR₂ ⸢GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] MAŠ.MAŠ-IGI 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | [... x]+2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ ⸢SIG⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | [...] 20 KUR NU PAP GE₆ 21+[x ...] | |
| 17' | [...] ZALAG₂-ir 35 GAR u ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 18' | [...] ⸢ITU⸣ 5(BAN₂) TA 26 EN TIL ITU 4(BAN₂) 4 ⸢qa⸣ [...] | |
| 19' | [... ša₂ ŠU₂]-u₂ NU IGI{meš} ITU BI ILLU [...] | |
| 20' | [...] GIN{meš} {lu₂}ar-ba-a-a [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.