-109A (X301091)
Astronomical Diary, Parthian, Babylon · c. 141 BCE–224 CE
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| Designation | -109A |
|---|---|
| ID | X301091 |
| Museum no. | BM 35086 + 46149 + 77619 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Parthian · c. 141 BCE–224 CE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | $(traces)$ |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | $(traces)$ |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] the moon being 1 cu[bit ...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] 20° of night maximal phase; when it began to clear, [it cleared in x]+6° of night from the east? [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... the remain]der of the planets did not stand there; 2 cubits above α Tauri it became eclipsed; at 25° after sunset. The 13th, [sunrise to moonset:] 5° [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... Ni]ght of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind γ Geminorum, the moon being 2 cubits high to the north. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below β Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1/2 cubit [... ε Leo]nis. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits below α Leonis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east, 2 cubits below Jupiter, the moon [having passed] 1/2 cubit to the east [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [... Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [in front of γ] Virginis, the moon being 3 cubits low to the south. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of α Virginis. Night of the 2[4th, ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [... when Jupiter] became stationary [to the ea]st, it became stationary 4 fingers behind α Leonis, 4 fingers high to the north. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 13°; it was low, measured (despite) mist. The 28th (and) the 29th, overcast [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... cr]ess, 1 pānu; sesame, 3 sūtu; wool, 2 minas. [At that time], Jupiter was in Leo; around the 11th, Venus first appearance in the west in Scorpius; 10+[x ...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] (the river level) receded [x]+10 fingers, total: 26 was the na (gauge). That month, I heard [...] the 2nd, in the New Canal above ... [...] |
| Obverse [12:14] o 13'13'–o 14'14' | [...] was appointed to the position of satrap of Babylonia [...] ... thighs ... [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [Month IX, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), ... a comet whose ...] the east, and whose tail was to the west, in the path of [the Enlil stars ...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [...] xth, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1+[x mm] above δ Capricorni [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [...] when Mars became stationary to the west, it became stationary 1 2/3 cubits in front of η Tauri, 1 1/2 cubits low to the south ... [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [... Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [in front of η Pisciu]m, the moon being 1 cubit low to the south. The 8th, very overcast, the north wind blew. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in [front of α Arietis ...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 18'18'–o 18'18' | [... Mercury’s] first appearance [in the west ...], it stood 2/3 cubits in front of Venus to the west; it was bright, sunset to setting of Mercury: 12°; (ideal) first appearance on the 7th in Sagittarius. Night [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 19'19'–o 19'19' | [... the com]et which had appeared on the 1st in the path of the Enlil stars, [...] to the north [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 20'20'–o 20'20' | [...] 4 fingers [...] Night of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 8° 50'; clouds, I did not watch; beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η [Geminorum ...] |
| Obverse [20:21] o 21'21'–o 21'21' | [...] clouds crossed the sky. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 12°; clouds, I did not watch; all day very overcast; in the morning, rain shower [...] |
| Obverse [21:22] o 22'22'–o 22'22' | [... the no]rth wind blew. Night of the 17th, first part of the night, Venus was 6 fingers below Mercury; last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of α Leonis ... [...] |
| Obverse [22:23] o 23'23'–o 23'23' | [... cr]ossed [the sky], rain DUL, the north and west winds blew. Night of the 19th, all night very overcast. The 19th, very overcast, [...] |
| Obverse [23:24] o 24'24'–o 24'24' | [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moo]n was 2 cubits behind γ Virginis, the moon being 3 cubits low to the south. Night of the 22nd, ... [...] |
| Obverse [24:25] o 25'25'–o 25'25' | [... in the aft]ernoon, the sun was twice surrounded by a halo, the north wind which was set to the west side blew [...] |
| Obverse [25:26] o 26'26'–o 26'26' | [...] rain DUL. The 26th, all day clouds crossed the sky, the north? wind blew? [...] |
| Obverse [26:28] o 27'27'– | [...] 25+xth, very overcast, the sou[th wind ...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] θ Ophiuchi [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 3' | [...] sin 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] [...] | |
| 4' | [...] [...] [...] | |
| 5' | [...] 20 GE₆ IR₂ ana ZALAG₂-ru ⸢ki⸣-i TAB-u₂ [in x]+6 GE₆ TA ⸢KUR⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [... IB₂].⸢TAG₄⸣ UDU.IDIM{meš} NU GUB{meš} 2 ⸢KUŠ₃ e is-le₁₀⸣ ad₂ ⸢in⸣ 25 GE₆ GIN 13 5 [na ...] | |
| 7' | [...] ⸢GE₆ 15 ina ZALAG₂⸣ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana [SI] ⸢NIM⸣ GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-⸢ar₂⸣ n n ...] | |
| 8' | [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin x SAG]-⸢A⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG LUGAL 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢NIM DIB⸣ SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM [DIB ...] | |
| 9' | [... GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI DELE-ša₂]-IGI-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 3 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 24 [...] | |
| 10' | [... MUL₂.BABBAR ana] ⸢NIM⸣ ki-i UŠ-u₂ 4 SI ar₂ LUGAL 4 SI ana SI NIM UŠ 27 13 KUR SIG a-kam₂ muš 28 29 ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 11' | [...] ⸢sah⸣-le₁₀ 1 PI ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ 3(BAN₂) SIG₂{hi.a} 2 MA.NA [i-nu-šu₂] ⸢MUL₂⸣.BABBAR ina A in 11 dele-bat ina ŠU₂ ina GIR₂.TAB IGI 10+[x ...] | |
| 12' | [... x]+10 SI LAL PAP 26 na ITU BI al-te-[e ... U₄] 2.KAM₂ ina ID₂ eš-šu₂ AN.TA x x x [...] | |
| 13' | [... mu-ma-ʾi]-ir-ru-ut KUR URI{ki} mun-nu-u₂ [...] ⸢x x x⸣ la-pan en-nu a-ga-a x x x [...] | |
| 14' | {[itu}GAN 30 ... ṣal-lum-mu-u₂ ...] IM.KUR.RA u mi-ših-šu₂ ana IM.MAR.TU ina KASKAL šu-⸢ut⸣ {[d}en-lil₂ ...] | |
| 15' | [... x]+2 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 1+[x ...] | |
| 16' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ ana ŠU₂ ki-i UŠ-a 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ ⸢ina IGI⸣ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG UŠ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 17' | [... GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu]-⸢nu⸣ 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 8 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI GIN GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ina [IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN n n ...] | |
| 18' | [... GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ...] ⸢x⸣ 2/3 KUŠ₃ ina IGI dele-bat ana ŠU₂ GUB IGI KUR 12 na-su in 7 ina PA IGI GE₆ [...] | |
| 19' | [... ṣal-lum]-⸢mu⸣-u₂ ša₂ U₄ 1.KAM₂ ina KASKAL šu-ut {d}en-lil₂ IGI-mar ana IM.SI.⸢SA₂⸣ [...] | |
| 20' | [...] ar₂ 4 SI GE₆ 13 8.50 ME DIR NU PAP SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-⸢IGI⸣-[ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ n n ...] | |
| 21' | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN DIB 14 12 na DIR NU PAP kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina še-ri₃ AN ⸢UTAH⸣ [...] | |
| 22' | [...] ⸢SI⸣ GIN GE₆ 17 USAN dele-bat SIG GU₄.UD 6 SI ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 23' | [...] ⸢DIB⸣ AN DUL SI u MAR GIN{meš} GE₆ 19 kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 19 ŠU₂.⸢ŠU₂⸣ [...] | |
| 24' | [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂] ⸢sin⸣ ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 2 KUŠ₃ sin 3 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG GE₆ 22 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 25' | [... ina] ⸢KIN⸣.SIG šamaš₂ 2-šu₂ TUR₃ NIGIN SI ša₂ PA MAR GAR GIN [...] | |
| 26' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ DUL 26 kal ME DIR AN ⸢DIB SI GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 27' | [...] 25+x⸣ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ⸢ULU₃⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [... MUL₂]-KUR-ša₂-⸢KIR₄⸣-[šil-PA ...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.