-107D1 (X301074)
Astronomical Diary, Parthian, Babylon · c. 141 BCE–224 CE
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| Designation | -107D1 |
|---|---|
| ID | X301074 |
| Museum no. | BM 34707 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Parthian · c. 141 BCE–224 CE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [... Night of the 3rd, the moon] stood [... in front of Venus to] the west, the moon being 3 cubits high to the north ... [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [... Night] of the 7th?, beginning of the night, very overcast; the moon was 1+[x mm] in front of ... x Capricorni [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [... Saturn’s] first appearance [in the e]nd of Libra. Night of the 8th, last part of the night, Jupiter was [...] above [α Virginis ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... Night of the 12th, beg]inning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of α Tauri, the m[oon being ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] gusty [... wind]. Night of the 15th, first part of the night, Venus was [...] below β Capricorni [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [...] much thunder, rain DUL, the north wind blew. Night of the 17th?, [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [behind] δ Cancri, the moon being 2 cubits [low to the south ...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [... last part of the] night, Mars, whighle moving back to the west, was 3 cubits below α Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [... Ni]ght of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of [α] Virginis [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] was surrounded by a ha[lo ...] ... Saturn? [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [...] moonrise to sunrise: [n°], measured. The 28th, [... e]nd of the month?, [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [... x]+2 qa; the 21st, in the morning, x [...] pānu 3 qa [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [...] 4 sūtu?; the 28th, 29th, (and) 30th, 2 pānu 4 sūtu 3 qa; mustard, 2 ⸢kurru⸣ [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [... of the mo]nth, in Capricorn; Mercury, the 1st (and) the 2nd, was in Scorpius; the 3rd, Mercury [reached] Sagittarius [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [... Mars was in Gemi]ni. That month, the river level remained constant, total: 29 was the na (gauge). [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [...] ... entered Babylon. The šatammu of the Esangila [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [...] ... was very much in the land; many people [...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 18'18'–o 18'18' | [Month IX, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ...] clouds, I did not watch. Night of the 1st, first part of the night, Venus was [...] above γ Capricorni [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 19'19'–o 19'19' | [... Venus was] 1 finger [...] δ Capricorni, Venus having passed 2 fingers to the east. The 2nd, the north wind blew. The 3rd? [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 20'20'–o 20'20' | [...] back to the west. The 5th (and) the 6th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 8th, all night very overcast. The 8th, [...] |
| Obverse [20:21] o 21'21'–o 21'21' | [...] cubits low to the south. The 9th, the south wind blew. Night of the 10th (and) the 10th, the south wind blew. Ni[ght ...] |
| Obverse [21:22] o 22'22'–o 22'22' | [...] very overcast, much rain, PISAN DIB, the south wind blew. The 12th, very overcast, the south wind [...] |
| Obverse [22:23] o 23'23'–o 23'23' | The 13th, ... [... Night of the 14th,] moonrise to sunset: [n°]; clouds, I did not watch; ... the moon was 2+[x cubits] behind γ Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [23:24] o 24'24'–o 24'24' | The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 5° 40' [...] ... last part of the night, the moon was [...] below [...] |
| Obverse [24:25] o 25'25'–o 25'25' | Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was 5 cubits below ε Leonis, the moon [...] The 16th, very overcast?. Night of the 17th?, [...] |
| Obverse [25:26] o 26'26'–o 26'26' | low to the south. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 3 [cubits] behind β Virginis [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [26:27] o 27'27'–o 27'27' | 2 1/2 cubits behind a Virginis, 2/3 cubit below Jupiter, the moo[n being ...] |
| Obverse [27:28] o 28'28'–o 28'28' | Night of the 24th, last part of the night, clouds were in the sky. The 24th, clouds were in the sky; in the afternoon, [...] |
| Obverse [28:29] o 29'29'–o 29'29' | Night of the 27th, clouds crossed the sky. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 22° 50'; clouds, I did not watch; all [day ...] |
| Obverse [29:30] o 30'30'–o 30'30' | The 29th, the north wind blew. Night of the 30th (and) the 30th, the north wind blew. That month, the equivalent was: ba[rley, ...] |
| Obverse [30:31] o 31'31'–o 31'31' | big and small, wailing and anxiety in the city ... [...] |
| Obverse [31:32] o 32'32'–o 32'32' | until the 22nd, selling was interrupted in the streets of Babylon ... [...] |
| Obverse [32:33] o 33'33'–o 33'33' | the 29th (and) 30th, 4 sūtu 3 qa; dates, from the 1st to the 4th, 2 pānu 4 sūtu 3 qa [...] |
| Obverse [33:34] o 34'34'–o 34'34' | the 25th, 26th, (and) 27th, 2 pānu 2 sūtu 3 qa; the 28th, 29th, (and) 30th, 2 pānu 3 sūtu; mustard, 2 kurru [...] |
| Obverse [34:35] o 35'35'–o 35'35' | Venus, on the 1st (and) 2nd, was in Capricorn, until the end of the month, in Aquarius; Mercury, until the 13th, was in Scorpius [...] |
| Obverse [35:36] o 36'36'–o 36'36' | That month, dogs became mad and died. That month, disease [...] |
| Obverse [36:37] o 37'37'–o 37'37' | went out from Babylon to Seleucia [...] |
| Obverse [37:38] o 38'38'–o 38'38' | departed [for?] the city of Halaman. That month, ... [...] |
| Obverse [38:39] o 39'39'–o 39'39' | son of Demetrius turned away and [...] |
| Obverse [39:40] o 40'40'–o 40'40' | Month X, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 19°; cl[ouds? ... Night of the 3rd,] |
| Obverse [40:41] o 41'41'–o 41'41' | the mood stood 2 cubits in front of Venus to the west [...] |
| Obverse [41:42] o 42'42'–o 42'42' | the moon being 1 cubit low to the south [...] |
| Obverse [42:44] o 43'43'– | the moon being 1 cubit low to the south [...] |
| Reverse [1:3] r 2'2'–r 3'3' | ... upon [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | Month XI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 23° [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | Night of the 3rd (and) the 3rd, the north wind blew. Ni[ght ... Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | 1 cubit behind η Tauri, the moon being 1+[x mm ... Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was ... below η Geminorum,] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | the moon being 1/2 cubit back to the west, it stood [x]+1/2 cubits in front of Mars to the west [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | at noon, the sun was surrounded by a halo. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | The 10th, in the morning, clouds crossed the sky, dew. Night of the 11th, beg[inning of the night, ...] ... |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | The 11th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind α Leonis, the m[oon being ...] The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 6° 40'; |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | clouds, I did not watch; all day clouds were in the sky. Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: 11°; clouds, [I did not watch? ... Night of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [in front of] α Virginis, the moon being 1/2 cubit [high to the north.] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | The 15th, in the afternoon, very overcast. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon [stood] 1 [cubit] behind Jupiter [to the east ...] ..., clouds were in the sky, a little rain shower. |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | The 17th, all day very overcast, a little rain shower. Night of the 18th, beginning of the ni[ght, ... Night] of the 19th, first part of the night, Mars was 4 1/2 cubits above γ |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | Geminorum; last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits above α Scorpii ... [... a]ll day clouds were in the sky; at noon, |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | the sun was twice surrounded by a halo. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind x [Capricorni? ...] ... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | 2 1/2 cubits above γ Capricorni. The 25th, [...] the north wind blew. Night of the 28th, all night very overcast. |
| Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16' | The 28th, all day very overcast; at noon, rain DUL, the north wind blew [...] 5 sūtu; not good (barley), 5 sūtu 1 1/2 qa; |
| Reverse [16:17] r 17'17'–r 17'17' | the 13th (and) 14th, 5 sūtu 3 qa; the 15th (and) 16th, 1 pānu; from [the 17th to ...] end of the month, 1 pānu 4 qa; |
| Reverse [17:18] r 18'18'–r 18'18' | dates, until the 28th, 2 pānu 4 sūtu; the 29th, 2 pānu 2 sūtu [...] the 20th, Venus’ last appearance in the west in Pisces; |
| Reverse [18:19] r 19'19'–r 19'19' | around the 22nd, Venus’ [first appearance] in the east in the beginning of Pisces [... the river level ... remained const]ant; the 22nd (and) 23rd, it rose 1 cubit 8 fingers, |
| Reverse [19:20] r 20'20'–r 20'20' | total: 20 was the na (gauge); from the 24th to [...] became mad and died. |
| Reverse [20:22] r 21'21'– | [...] ... [...] departed. That month, rains were cut off. |
| Left [0:1] l.e. D₂1l.e. D₂1–l.e. D₂1l.e. D₂1 | [Dia]ry from month VIII to the end of month XII of year 204 [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [... GE₆ 3 sin ina IGI dele-bat n n ana] ⸢ŠU₂⸣ GUB sin 3 KUŠ₃ ana SI ⸢NIM⸣ [x] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [... GE₆] 7 SAG GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂ x [ša₂] ⸢SI⸣ MAŠ₂ 1+[x n ...] | |
| 3' | [... GENNA ina] ⸢TIL⸣ RIN₂ IGI GE₆ 8 ina ZALAG₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ⸢e⸣ [SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN n n ...] | |
| 4' | [... GE₆ 12 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI is-le₁₀ 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [...] ŠAR₂ GE₆ 15 USAN dele-bat SIG SI-MAŠ₂ n n ...] | |
| 6' | [... GU₃] U MAH AN DUL-hat SI GIN GE₆ 17 [...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂] ⸢MUL₂⸣-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [ana ULU₃ SIG ...] | |
| 8' | [... ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ AN ana ŠU₂ ina LAL-šu₂ SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-IGI 3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 23 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin ina IGI⸣ [SA₄]-⸢ša₂-ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [...] ⸢TUR₃⸣ NIGIN x [...] ⸢x x⸣ GENNA [...] | |
| 11' | [...] KUR muš 28 [...] ⸢TIL⸣ ITU [...] | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢x+2 qa 21 ina še-ri₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] PI 3 ⸢qa⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] 4(BAN₂) 28 29 30 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 3 qa kas₃ 2 ⸢GUR⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] ⸢ITU⸣ ina MAŠ₂ GU₄.UD 1 2 ina GIR₂.TAB 3 GU₄.UD PA [KUR-ad₂ ...] | |
| 15' | [... AN ina MAŠ].MAŠ ITU BI ILLU GUB-uz PAP 29 na ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | [...] ⸢x⸣ ana E{ki} KU₄-ub {lu₂}ŠA₃.TAM E₂.SAG.IL₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 17' | [...] x tu₂ ina KUR ma-diš MAH {lu₂}UN{meš} MAH{meš} [...] | |
| 18' | {[itu}GAN 1 ...] ⸢DIR⸣ NU PAP GE₆ 1 USAN dele-bat e MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ n n ...] | |
| 19' | [... dele-bat x MUL₂]-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 1 SI dele-bat 2 SI ana NIM DIB 2 SI GIN 3 [...] | |
| 20' | [...] ana ŠU₂ LAL 5 6 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 8 kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 8 [...] | |
| 21' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG⸣ 9 ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 10 10 ULU₃ GIN ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 22' | [...] ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN MAH PISAN DIB ULU₃ GIN 12 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ULU₃ [...] | |
| 23' | 13 [... GE₆ 14 n] ME DIR NU PAP ⸢x x⸣ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2+[x KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 24' | 14 5.40 na [...] ⸢x x x x x⸣ ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂ [...] | |
| 25' | GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG SAG-A 5 KUŠ₃ sin⸣ [...] 16 ŠU₂.ŠU₂⸣ GE₆ 17 [...] | |
| 26' | ana ULU₃ SIG GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 3 [KUŠ₃ ... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin] | |
| 27' | ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 2/3 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 28' | GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ DIR AN ZA 24 DIR AN ZA ina KIN.SIG [...] | |
| 29' | GE₆ 27 DIR AN DIB 27 22.50 KUR DIR NU PAP ⸢kal⸣ [ME ...] | |
| 30' | 29 SI GIN GE₆ 30 30 SI GIN ITU BI KI.LAM ⸢še⸣-[im ...] | |
| 31' | GAL-a u TUR ik-kil-lu₄ u di-lip₂-tu₂ ina URU ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 32' | EN 22 na-dan ina SIL{meš} E{ki} TAR-is UGU ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 33' | 29 30 4(BAN₂) 3 qa ZU₂.LUM TA 1 EN 4 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 3 ⸢qa⸣ [...] | |
| 34' | 25 26 27 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 3 qa 28 29 30 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) kas₃ 2 ⸢GUR⸣ [...] | |
| 35' | dele-bat 1 2 ina MAŠ₂ EN TIL ITU ina GU GU₄.UD EN 13 ina GIR₂.TAB [...] | |
| 36' | ITU BI UR.GI₇{meš} IDIM{meš}ma UŠ₂{meš} ITU BI GIG [...] | |
| 37' | TA E{ki} ana {uru}se-lu-ke-ʾa-a ⸢E₃⸣ [...] | |
| 38' | {uru}ha-la-ma-an TUH-ar₂ ITU BI ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 39' | A ša₂ {m}de-meṭ-ri BAL-ma [...] | |
| 40' | {itu}AB 1 19 na-su ⸢DIR⸣ [... GE₆ 3 | |
| 41' | sin ina IGI dele-bat 2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB [...] | |
| 42' | sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG [...] | |
| 43' | sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ ⸢SIG⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | BI ana ⸢UGU⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | {itu}ZIZ₂ 1 23 ⸢na⸣-[su ...] | |
| 4' | GE₆ 3 3 SI GIN ⸢GE₆⸣ [... GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin] | |
| 5' | ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1+[x n ... GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ n n] | |
| 6' | sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL ⸢ina IGI AN⸣ [x]+1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ ⸢GUB⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | AN.BAR₇ šamaš₂ TUR₃ NIGIN GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI [...] | |
| 8' | 10 ina še-ri₃ DIR AN DIB AN na-al-šu₂ GE₆ 11 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆ ...] ⸢x⸣ | |
| 9' | 11 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [...] 13 6.40 ⸢na⸣ | |
| 10' | DIR NU PAP kal ME DIR AN ZA GE₆ 14 11 GE₆ DIR [NU PAP ... GE₆ 15 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI] ⸢SA₄⸣-ša₂-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [ana SI NIM] | |
| 11' | 15 ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 1 [KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB ...] ⸢x⸣ DIR AN ZA AN UTAH i-ṣa | |
| 12' | 17 kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH i-ṣa GE₆ 18 SAG ⸢GE₆⸣ [... GE₆] 19 USAN AN e MAŠ.MAŠ | |
| 13' | (MAŠ.MAŠ)-ša₂-SIPA 4 1/2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ sin e SI₄ 3 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] ⸢kal⸣ ME DIR AN ZA AN.BAR₇ | |
| 14' | šamaš₂ 2-šu₂ TUR₃ NIGIN GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-[x n n ...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 15' | e MUL₂-⸢IGI⸣-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 25 [...] SI GIN GE₆ 28 kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 16' | 28 kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN.BAR₇ AN DUL SI GIN [...] 5(BAN₂) NU DU₃-tu₂ 5(BAN₂) 1 1/2 qa | |
| 17' | 13 14 5(BAN₂) 3 qa 15 16 1 PI TA 17 EN ...] ⸢TIL⸣ ITU 1 PI 4 qa | |
| 18' | ZU₂.LUM EN 28 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 29 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) [...] 20 dele-bat ina ŠU₂ ina zib{me} ŠU₂ | |
| 19' | in 22 dele-bat ina NIM ina SAG zib{me} [IGI ... ILLU ... GUB]-⸢uz⸣ 22 23 1 KUŠ₃ 8 U ⸢GIN⸣ | |
| 20' | ⸢PAP 20 na⸣ TA 24 ⸢EN⸣ [...] ⸢IDIM⸣{meš}ma UŠ₂{meš} | |
| 21' | [...] [...] ⸢TUH⸣-ar₂ ITU BI ŠEG₃{meš} ⸢TAR⸣{[meš]} | |
| l.e. | ||
| D₂1 | [EN.NUN ša₂ gi]-⸢ne₂⸣-e ša₂ TA APIN EN TIL ŠE ša₂ MU 2 ME 4.⸢KAM₂⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.