-85C1 (X300853)
Astronomical Diary, Parthian, Babylon · c. 141 BCE–224 CE
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| Designation | -85C1 |
|---|---|
| ID | X300853 |
| Museum no. | BM 41691 + 42100 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Parthian · c. 141 BCE–224 CE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart3 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [... Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was ... in front of β Arietis, the moon being ...] low to the south. Around the 6th, Sirius’ acronychal rising; I did not [watch]. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of η Tauri, the moon being 4? cubits low to the south. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of α Tauri |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [...] ... much slow rain PISAN DIB, small hail fell, the south wind blew. Night of the 10th, clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of η Geminorum, the moon being 1 cubit |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | [low to the south ... Mercury’s first appearance in the west in Aquarius;] sunset to setting of Mercury: [nn°], (ideal) first appearance on the 9th in the beginning of Aquarius. Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind γ Geminorum, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits high to the north; last part of the night, Jupiter, whighle moving back to the west, was [...] above ρ |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [Leonis ... Night of the 13th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits below β Geminorum. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 14° 10'; clouds, I did not watch; all day very overcast, the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 9° 10'; clouds, I did not watch; all night very overcast. The 14th, [sunrise to moonset:] 20' |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | [...] ... Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 2° 20'; clouds, I did not watch; last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of α Leonis, it stood 2 2/3 cubits in front of Saturn to the west. The 15th, the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 16th, (when) Cancer |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | [culminated, Jupiter entered the moon; ...; last part of the night, the moon was 1/2 cubit [...] ρ Leonis, the moon being 6 fingers high to the north, it stood 2/3 cubit behind Jupiter to the east. The 16th, very overcast, the north wind blew. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of β |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [Virginis ... Night of the 18th, last part of the] night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits in front of γ Virginis. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits behind γ Virginis, the moon being 1/2 cubit high to the north. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was [...] above α Librae |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [...] dew, the north wind blew. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind α Scorpii, the moon being 4 cubits high to the north. The 23rd, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew. Night of the 24th, first part of the night, Venus was 3 fingers below Mars |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [... Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was] 3 cubits in front of β Capricorni, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits low to the south. The 26th, in the afternoon, thin clouds were in the sky. Night of the 27th, very overcast. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 13° 20'; clouds, I did not watch; the north wind blew. |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [... solar eclipse ... I did not] see it; at 1.3° after sunrise. That month, the equivalent was: barley, from the 1st to the 17th, 1 pānu 4 sūtu 3 1/2 qa one-fourth; from the 18th to the 24th, 1 pānu 5 sūtu 1 1/2 qa; |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | [...] the 5th (and) 6th, 1 pānu 1 sūtu 4 1/2 qa half of one-fourth; the 7th (and) 8th, 1 pānu 2 sūtu; the 9th, 1 pānu 2 sūtu 3 1/2 qa; the 10th, 1 pānu 3 sūtu; the 11th, 1 pānu 2 sūtu 3 1/2 qa; from the 12th until the end of the month, |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [... se]same, from the 1st to the 7th, 1 sūtu 3 qa; the 8th, 9th, (and) 10th, 1 sūtu 2 1/2 qa; the 11th, 12th, (and) 13th, 1 sūtu 2 qa; from the 14th until the 20th, 1 sūtu 1 1/2 qa; the 21st, 22nd, (and) 23rd, |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [... At that] time, Jupiter and Saturn were in Leo; Venus and Mars were in Aquarius; on the 23rd, Venus reached Pisces; on the 23rd, Mars reached Pisces; around the 9th, Mercury’s [first appearance] in the west in Aquarius |
| Obverse [13:15] o 1414–o 1515 | [...] rains and floods were cut off. |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [Month XI, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month) ...] ... Night of the 2nd, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of Venus, the moon being 1 cubit 6 fingers low to the south, 1 cubit 8 fingers below Mars. The 2nd, the north wind blew. |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | [...] The 4th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Aquarius: from the 1st, when I watched I did not see it; all day very overcast, gusty north and west winds blew. |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | [...] The 6th, gusty south wind. Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits in front of α Tauri. The 7th, a gusty south wind blew. Night of the 8th, |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | [... Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [above] γ Geminorum, the moon having passed a little to the east. The 10th, the north wind blew. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [...] clouds were in the sky. Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits behind δ Cancri |
| Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 2020 | [... Night of the 14th,] when ξ+ Bootis? culminated, the moon was 2 fingers below Jupiter. The 14th, moonset to sunrise: 4°, measured |
| Obverse [20:21] o 2121–o 2121 | [...] the moon was surrounded by a halo. The 15th, sunrise to moonset: 7°; clouds, I did not watch; all day very overcast; at noon, |
| Obverse [21:22] o 2222–o 2222 | [...] were in the sky; in the morning watch, the moon was surrounded by a halo; last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind α |
| Obverse [22:23] o 2323–o 2323 | [Virginis ...] cubits, the moon being 2 cubits high to the north. Around the 19th, Mercury’s [first appearance] in the east |
| Obverse [23:24] o 2424–o 2424 | [in Aquarius ...] cold [... winds] blew. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was [...] above α Scorpii |
| Obverse [24:25] o 2525–o 2525 | [...] the moon being 2 cubits high to the north. The 22nd, north and west winds blew. |
| Obverse [25:26] o 2626–o 2626 | [...] ...; last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of δ Capricorni |
| Obverse [26:27] o 2727–o 2727 | [...] in the morning, rain and a little? small hail |
| Obverse [27:28] o 2828–o 2828 | [fell ...] That month, |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [... GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN n n sin n n ana] ⸢ULU₃⸣ SIG in 6 {mul₂}⸢KAK.BAN ana ME E-a NU⸣ [PAP] ⸢GE₆⸣ 8 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI is-⸢le₁₀⸣ n n | |
| 2 | [...] x AN MAH ne₂-hi PISAN DIB NA₄ TUR.TUR ŠUR-nun ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 10 DIR AN DIB GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 3 | [ana ULU₃ SIG ... GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina GU IGI n ⸢na⸣-su in 9 ina SAG GU IGI GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM ina ZALAG₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠU₂ ina LAL-šu₂ e MUL₂ TUR ša₂ 4 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 4 | [(MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃)-ar₂-{mul₂}LUGAL n n ... GE₆ 13 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ 13 14.10 ŠU₂ DIR NU PAP kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI GIN ŠED₇ GE₆ 14 9.10 ME DIR NU PAP kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 14 20 NINDA | |
| 5 | [na ...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 15 2.20 GE₆ DIR NU PAP ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI {mul₂}LUGAL 2 KUŠ₃ ina IGI GENNA 2 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB 15 SI GIN ŠED₇ GE₆ 16 {mul₂}ALLA | |
| 6 | [ziq-pi MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠA₃ sin KU₄ ... ina ZALAG₂ sin x MUL₂]-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-{mul₂}LUGAL 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 6 SI ana SI NIM ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB 16 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI GIN GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GIR₃ ar₂ | |
| 7 | [(GIR₃-ar₂)-ša₂-A n n ... GE₆ 18 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ina IGI DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin e RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ | |
| 8 | n n ...] ⸢na⸣-al-šu₂ SI GIN GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SI₄ 2 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 23 DIR AN ZA SI GIN GE₆ 24 USAN dele-bat SIG AN 3 SI | |
| 9 | [... GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ina IGI SI-MAŠ₂ 3 KUŠ₃ sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 26 ina KIN.SIG DIR SAL AN ZA GE₆ 27 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 27 13.20 KUR DIR NU PAP SI GIN | |
| 10 | [... AN.KU₁₀ šamaš₂ ... NU] ⸢IGI⸣ in 1.3 ME NIM-a ITU BI KI.LAM še-im TA 1 EN 17 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 3 1/2 qa 4-ʾu TA 18 EN 24 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) 1 1/2 qa | |
| 11 | [...] 5 6 1(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) 4 1/2 qa mi-šil 4-ʾu 7 8 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 9 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 3 1/2 qa 10 1(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) 11 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 3 1/2 qa TA 12 EN TIL ITU | |
| 12 | [... ŠE].⸢GIŠ⸣.I₃ TA 1 EN 7 1(BAN₂) 3 qa 8 9 10 1(BAN₂) 2 1/2 qa 11 12 13 1(BAN₂) 2 qa TA 14 EN 20 1(BAN₂) 1 1/2 qa 21 22 23 | |
| 13 | [... i-nu]-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR u GENNA ina A dele-bat u AN ina GU in 23 dele-bat zib{me} KUR in 23 AN zib{me} KUR in 9 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina GU | |
| 14 | [IGI ...] ŠEG₃{meš} u ILLU{meš} TAR{meš} | |
| 15 | {[itu}ZIZ₂ 30 ...] A GE₆ 2 sin ina IGI dele-bat 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 KUŠ₃ 6 SI ana ULU₃ SIG SIG AN 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI 2 SI GIN | |
| 16 | [...] 4 ŠU₂⸣ ša₂ GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina GU TA 1 ki PAP NU IGI kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI u MAR ŠAR₂{meš} GIN-u₂ | |
| 17 | [...] 6 ULU₃ ŠAR₂ GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI is-le₁₀ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 7 ULU₃ ŠAR₂ GIN GE₆ 8 | |
| 18 | [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin e] ⸢MAŠ⸣.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB 10 SI GIN GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 19 | [...] DIR AN ZA GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 3 KUŠ₃ | |
| 20 | [... GE₆ 14 ŠUDUN]-ANŠE-ar₂-u₂ ziq-pi sin SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 2 SI 14 4 ŠU₂ muš | |
| 21 | [...] sin TUR₃ NIGIN 15 7 na DIR NU PAP kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN.BAR₇ | |
| 22 | [...] ⸢AN⸣ ZA EN.NUN.U₄.ZAL sin TUR₃ NIGIN ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SA₄ | |
| 23 | [(SA₄)-ša₂-ABSIN n n ...] KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM in 19 GU₄.UD ina NIM | |
| 24 | [ina GU IGI ...] ⸢ŠED₇⸣{meš} GIN-u₂ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin e SI₄ | |
| 25 | n n ...] sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢SI⸣ NIM 22 SI u MAR GIN-u₂ | |
| 26 | [...] ⸢x⸣ ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ | |
| 27 | n n ...] ina še-ri₃ AN u NA₄ TUR i-[ṣa] | |
| 28 | [...] ITU BI | |
| 29 | [...] ⸢x⸣ | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.