AD -239 (X202390)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -239 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202390 |
| Museum no. | Rm 708 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] Mercury’s [...] in the west in [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [... At that time, Ju]piter was in Leo; Venus, in the beginning [of the month, ...] |
| Obverse [3:5] o 4'4'–o 5'5' | [...] receded 1/2 cubit, total: 10+[x was the na na-gauge ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] sunset to moonset: 12° 30'; it was faint, measured. The 1st, [...] |
| Obverse [5:7] o 6'6'–o 7'7' | [... the moon] stood 1 1/2 cubits [in front of] Mars to the west, 1 cu[bit ...] (o 7') [...] ... beginning of the night, the moon was [...] below η [Piscium ...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] clouds crossed the sky, slow rain, P[ISAN DIB ...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] surrounded. The 14th, moonset to sunrise: 8° 10'; cl[ouds, ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] clouds, I did not watch; very overcast [...] |
| Obverse [10:12] o 11'11'– | [...] cubits, the moon [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [... the no]rth wind which [was set] to the west side [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] thick rain, cloudburst ... [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [... the moon was ... x]+2/3 cubits, 1 cubit above Saturn, [...] behind Ma[rs ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [... beginning of the ni]ght, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of ζ Tauri [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 1+[x mm] in front of δ Cancri [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... the moon] stood 1 cubit [in front of Jupi]ter to the west; first part of the night, Jupiter while [moving back] to the west, [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] rain DUL. Night of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 7°, measured; beginning [of the night, ...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...] ... The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 11° 30'; clouds, I did not watch; clouds [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [...] ... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [...] ... β Capricorni? [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina [...] | |
| 3' | [... i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂].BABBAR ina A dele-bat ina SAG [ITU ...] | |
| 4' | [...] 1/2 KUŠ₃ LAL PAP 10+[x na ...] | |
| 5' | [...] 12.30 na-su SIG muš 1 [...] | |
| 6' | [... sin ina IGI] AN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB sin 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [...] ⸢x⸣ SAG GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-[DUR-nu-nu N N ...] | |
| 8' | [...] DIR AN DIB AN ne₂-hi ⸢PISAN⸣ [DIB ...] | |
| 9' | [...] NIGIN 14 8.10 ŠU₂ ⸢DIR⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [...] DIR NU PAP ŠU₂.ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 11' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ sin [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢SI⸣ ša₂ PA ⸢MAR⸣ [GAR ...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ kab-bar rad ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [... x]+2/3 KUŠ₃ e GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ ar₂ ⸢AN⸣ [N N ...] | |
| 4' | [... SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [...] ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1+[x ...] | |
| 6' | [... sin ina IGI MUL₂].⸢BABBAR⸣ 1 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB USAN MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠU₂ [ina LAL-šu₂ ...] | |
| 7' | [...] AN DUL-hat GE₆ 13 7 ME muš SAG [GE₆ ...] | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢x⸣ 14 11.30 na DIR NU PAP DIR [...] | |
| 9' | [...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 10' | [...] ⸢x SI-MAŠ₂⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.