AD -227 (X202270)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -227 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202270 |
| Museum no. | BM 36889 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [... Night of the 4th, (beginning of the night,) the moon was ...] in front of β Arietis [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] being low to the south. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind α [Arietis ... Night of the 6th, the moon was] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | 1 cubit 8 fingers [in front of η] Tauri, it was set toward its inside. Night [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [Ni]ght of the 8th, the moon was 18 fingers in front of β Tauri, [it was set] toward its inside [... Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [nn] cubits [... η/μ Geminorum], the moon being 3 cubits high to the north. Night of the 10th, ... [... Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | 1 1/2 cubits behind β Geminorum; first part of the night, Venus was [...] below [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | The 11th, α gusty east wind blew. Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind δ [Cancri ...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | lightning flashed on the south side, it thundered twice or thrice [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] ... rain, a little PISAN DIB. Night of the 13th, clou[ds ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] Night of the 14th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] above ρ [Leonis ...] |
| Obverse [10:12] o 11'11'– | [...] a rainbow occurred on the south side [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] stood [nn cub]its to the west; rain ... [... Night of the 18th,] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [la]st part of the night, the moon stood 1 1/2 cubits in front of Saturn to the west. Ni[ght of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | stood 3 1/2 cubits [behind Mars] to the east. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] beh[ind β Scorpii ... Night of the 21st,] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of ϑ Ophiuchi; clouds were in the sky ... [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | lightning flashed, much thunder, rain PISAN DIB, sou[th wind ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | Night of the 24th, clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of β [Capricorni ...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | Night of the 25th, clouds crossed the sky, ... cloudburst [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | Night of the 26th, beginning of the night, overcast, lightning?, much? thunder? [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | ... clouds were in the sky. Night of the 28th, [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | it thundered twice or thrice [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [...] 10°? after sunrise, solar [eclipse ...] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [Year] 84?, <...> |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [... GE₆ 4 (SAG GE₆) sin ina] ⸢IGI⸣ MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN [N N ...] | |
| 2' | [x (x) ana] ⸢ULU₃ SIG⸣ GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-⸢ar₂⸣-[ša₂-SAG-HUN N N ...] | |
| 3' | [MUL₂].MUL₂ 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI ana ŠA₃-šu₂ kun-nu GE₆ [...] | |
| 4' | ⸢GE₆⸣ 8 sin ina IGI ŠUR-SI 18 SI ana ŠA₃-⸢šu₂⸣ [kun-nu ...] | |
| 5' | [N] KUŠ₃ sin 3 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM GE₆ 10 ⸢KUR⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ USAN dele-bat SIG ⸢MUL₂⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | 11 KUR ŠAR₂ GIN GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ ⸢MUL₂⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | GIR₂ A₂ ULU₃ GIR₂ {d}IM 2-šu₂ 3-šu₂ GU₃-[šu₂ ŠUB ...] | |
| 9' | [x] x AN PISAN i-ṣu DIB GE₆ 13 ⸢DIR⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [x x x] GE₆ 14 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-TUR-[ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL N N ...] | |
| 11' | [x x x x] ⸢TIR⸣.AN A₂ ULU₃ GAL₂-ši [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [x x] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ ana ŠU₂ GUB AN ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ina IGI GENNA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB ⸢GE₆⸣ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ AN] | |
| 4' | 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ⸢ar₂⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ DIR AN ZA ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | GIR₂ GIR₂ ⸢GU₃⸣ U MAH AN PISAN DIB ⸢ULU₃⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | GE₆ 24 DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ⸢SI⸣-[MAŠ₂ N N ...] | |
| 8' | GE₆ 25 DIR AN DIB ⸢x⸣ AN rad [...] | |
| 9' | GE₆ 26 SAG GE₆ ŠU₂ GIR₂ [GU₃] U MAH [...] | |
| 10' | ⸢x⸣ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 28 [...] | |
| 11' | {[d]}⸢IM⸣ 2-šu₂ 3-šu₂ GU₃-šu₂ ŠUB [...] | |
| 12' | [x x] 10 UŠ ME NIM-a {d}UTU [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ⸢x⸣ AN ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [MU].1.24.KAM₂ {m}<...> | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.