AD -226A (X202261)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -226A |
|---|---|
| ID | X202261 |
| Museum no. | BM 41655 + 41683 + 41866 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [...] the šatammu-official? [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] ... and the troops [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] ... That day, ... [...] |
| Obverse [3:5] o 4'4'–o 5'5' | [...] recited incantations, male and female ... [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [Month II, ...] gusty [...]. The 1st, very overcast. Night of the 2nd, the moon was 2 5/6 cubits above η Geminorum. |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... last part of the night, Venus was] 5 cubits [below β ] Arietis. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind δ |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [Cancri ...] Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was 4 cubits below ϑ Leonis. |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] Mars moved back to the east. Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [nn cubits] below [γ Virginis (...) Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was ... α Virginis,] it stood [... behind Mars] to the east, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits low to the south. |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] rain DUL; at sunset, mud covered the land, rain shower. |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... The 13th, Mercury's] first appearance [in the east, ...] omitted. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 13° 30', measured (despite) clouds; beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [... x]+1 cubits. The 15th, sunrise to moonset: 5° 20', measured; clouds were in the sky. Night of the 17th, |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [last part of the night, the moon was ... β Capricorni. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [in front of γ ] Capricorni. The 18th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [... behind δ Capricorni ...] mud covered the land. The 20th (and) the 21st, clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew. The 22nd (and) the 23rd, |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [... Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit [...] α Arietis, the moon being 4 1/2 cubits low to the south. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [stood ... behind Venus to the east ...] cubits. The 26th, very overcast. Night of the 27th, very overcast, gusty wind. The 27th, very overcast; around noon, thunder, |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [...] ... around the 28th, when Saturn became stationary to the west, |
| Obverse [17:18] o 18'18'–o 18'18' | [it became stationary nn] cubits [behind α Virginis ...] 2 pānu 5 sūtu, at the end of the month, 3 pānu; dates, 2 pānu 4 sūtu; mustard, 1 kurru 2 pānu? [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 19'19'–o 19'19' | [... At that time, Jupite]r was in Leo; Venus was in Aries; the 13th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east ..., omitted. |
| Obverse [19:20] o 20'20'–o 20'20' | [... fr]om the 27th to the end of the month, (the river level) rose 1/2 cubit. That month, |
| Obverse [20:21] o 21'21'–o 21'21' | [...] were not made in? the temple workshop |
| Obverse [21:22] o 22'22'–o 22'22' | [...] they bound? a sheep, the drum |
| Obverse [22:23] o 23'23'–o 23'23' | [...] recited incantations. That month, the 30th, locusts? |
| Obverse [23:25] o 24'24'– | locusts attacked. |
| Bottom [0:2] b.e. 1b.e. 1– | [... year 8]5, king Seleucus. |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | [Month III, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ...] Night of the 3rd, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits below ε Leonis. The 3rd, locusts attacked. |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | [... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits behind ϑ Leonis, 4 fingers in front of Jupiter, it was set towards its northern horn. |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | [... b]lew. The 5th, in the afternoon, thin clouds were in the sky, the south wind blew. Night of the 6th, very overcast. |
| Reverse [3:4] r 44–r 44 | [... Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [... γ Virgini]s. The 7th, very overcast, all day long, mud covered the land two or three times. |
| Reverse [4:5] r 55–r 55 | [... Night of the 8th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 1/2 cubit in front of α Virginis, it was set towards its northern horn. |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | [...] first part of the night, Mars, while moving back to the east, was 1 cubit 4 fingers below Saturn. |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | [... Night of the 11th, beginning of the night,] the moon was 1 cubit behind π Scorpii. The 11th, mist and haze |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | [...] ... Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of ϑ Ophiuchi. |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | [... Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: nn°, mea]sured; last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of β Capricorni. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 4°, measured; gusty north wind. |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | [...] ⸢x⸣ fingers. The 19th, Mercury’s first appearance in the west in Cancer. I did not watch. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of η Piscium. |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | [... x]+1 cubits; first part of the night, Jupiter, while moving back to the east, was 4 cubits [below ϑ ] Leonis. Night of the 24th, |
| Reverse [11:12] r 1212–r 1212 | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was] 5/6 cubit [... β Tau]ri, it was set towards its northern horn; (the moon) stood 3 cubits behind Venus to the east. |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | [...] The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 16°; solstice, I did not watch; strong gusty northern storm. |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | [... Ni]ght of the 30th, last part of the night, Venus was 3 cubits below β Tauri. The 30th, gusty north wind. |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | [... cre]ss, 1 pānu 2 sūtu; sesame, in the beginning of the month, 5 sūtu, at the end of the month, 4 sūtu |
| Reverse [15:16] r 1616–r 1616 | [... the 1]9th, Mercury’s first appearance [in the west in Can]cer; Saturn and Mars were in Libra. That month, |
| Reverse [16:17] r 1717–r 1717 | [...] That month, the 21st, Timokrates |
| Reverse [17:18] r 1818–r 1818 | [... pro]strated themselves. Oxen and sacrifices |
| Reverse [18:19] r 1919–r 1919 | [...] he made for Bēl and Bēltiya. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x {lu₂}ŠA₃.TAM⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...]-na-tu₄ u {lu₂}ERIN₂{meš} [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢x⸣ pi-is u₄-mu BI ši-⸢ip⸣-[tu₂ ...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢x⸣ EN₂{meš} ŠID-u₂ {lu₂}⸢GALA⸣{meš} ⸢x⸣{meš} ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [GU₄ ...] ŠAR₂ 1 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 2 sin e MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 2 5/6 KUŠ₃ | |
| 6' | [... ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂]-SAG-⸢LU⸣ 5 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ | |
| 7' | MUL₂-ar₂-[ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ N N ...] GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin SIG GIŠ.KUN-A 4 KUŠ₃ | |
| 8' | [...] AN ana NIM LAL GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin SIG | |
| 9' | [DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN N KUŠ₃ (...) GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin x SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN N N ar₂ AN N N] ana NIM GUB sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG | |
| 10' | [...] AN DUL ki ŠU₂ šamaš₂ IM.GU₂ KUR ŠU₂-ap AN UTAH | |
| 11' | [... 13 GU₄.UD ina NIM UD.DA] IGI DIB GE₆ 14 13.30 ME DIR muš SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 12' | [... x]+1 KUŠ₃ 15 5.20 na muš ⸢DIR AN⸣ ZA GE₆ 17 | |
| 13' | [ina ZALAG₂ sin x SI-MAŠ₂ N N GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂]-⸢IGI-ša₂-SUHUR⸣-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 18 DIR AN ZA ⸢GE₆ 19 ina⸣ ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 14' | [ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ N N ...] ⸢IM⸣.GU₂ KUR ŠU₂-ap 20 21 DIR ⸢AN⸣ ZA ULU₃ GIN 22 23 | |
| 15' | [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin x MUL₂]-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-LU 1 KUŠ₃ sin 4 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 16' | [ar₂ dele-bat N N ana NIM GUB ...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 26 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 27 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ IM ŠAR₂ 27 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN.BAR₇ GU₃ U | |
| 17' | [...] DU in EN 28 GENNA ana ŠU₂ ki UŠ-⸢a⸣ [N] KUŠ₃ | |
| 18' | [ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN UŠ ...] 2(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 3(BARIG) PI ZU₂ 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) kas₃ 1(GUR) 2(BARIG) [x] | |
| 19' | [... i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂].⸢BABBAR⸣ ina A dele-bat ina LU 13 GU₄.UD ina NIM UD.DA IGI DIB | |
| 20' | [...] ⸢TA⸣ 27 EN TIL ITU 1/2 KUŠ₃ GIN ITU BI | |
| 21' | [...] ⸢x⸣ ma E₂ mu-um-ma la ep-šu₂ | |
| 22' | [...] ⸢x⸣ pu-ha-du ik-ta-as-su-u₂ {kuš}⸢li-li⸣-su | |
| 23' | [...] ⸢KA⸣.INIM in-da-nu ITU BI U₄ 30.KAM₂ ⸢BURU₅⸣{hi.a} | |
| 24' | 0 ⸢BURU₅⸣{hi.a} ZI-a | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | [... MU 60+25.KAM₂ {m}se-lu-ku LUGAL | |
| r | ||
| 1 | [SIG 1 ...] GE₆ 3 sin SIG SAG-A 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ 3 BURU₅{hi.a} ZI-a | |
| 2 | [... GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin] ⸢ar₂⸣ GIŠ.KUN-A 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ina IGI MUL₂.BABBAR 4 SI ana SI-šu₂ ša₂ SI kun-nu | |
| 3 | [...] ⸢GIN⸣ 5 ina KIN.SIG DIR SAL AN ZA ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 6 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 4 | [... GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin x DELE-ša₂-IGI]-⸢ABSIN⸣ 2 KUŠ₃ 7 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ kal ME 2-šu₂ 3-šu₂ IM.GU₂ KUR ŠU₂-ap | |
| 5 | [... GE₆ 8 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢SI⸣-šu₂ ša₂ SI kun-nu | |
| 6 | [...] USAN AN ana NIM ina LAL-šu₂ SIG GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ 4 SI | |
| 7 | [... GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆] sin ar₂ MUL₂-SIG-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 1 KUŠ₃ 11 a-kam₂ u hi-li | |
| 8 | [...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ | |
| 9 | [... GE₆ 14 N GE₆] ⸢muš⸣ ina ZALAG₂ sin ina ⸢IGI⸣ SI-MAŠ₂ 3 KUŠ₃ 14 4 na muš SI ŠAR₂ | |
| 10 | [...] [x] SI 19 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina ALLA IGI NU PAP GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ⸢MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu⸣ 3 KUŠ₃ | |
| 11 | [... x]+1 KUŠ₃ USAN MUL₂.BABBAR ana NIM ina ⸢LAL⸣-[šu₂ SIG GIŠ].⸢KUN⸣-A 4 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 24 | |
| 12 | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin x ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂]-⸢SI⸣ 5/6 KUŠ₃ ana SI-šu₂ ša₂ SI ⸢GIN⸣ ar₂ dele-bat 3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB | |
| 13 | [...] 27 16 KUR {d}UTU GUB NU PAP me-hu-u₂ SI ŠAR₂ dan-nu | |
| 14 | [...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 30 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 3 KUŠ₃ 30 SI ŠAR₂ | |
| 15 | [... sah]-⸢le₁₀⸣ 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ ina SAG ITU 5(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 4(BAN₂) | |
| 16 | [...] 19 GU₄.UD⸣ [ina ŠU₂ ina] ⸢ALLA⸣ IGI GENNA u AN ina RIN₂ ITU BI | |
| 17 | [...] ITU BI 21 {m}ṭi-im-gar-te-e | |
| 18 | [... uš]-⸢kin⸣-nu GU₄{hi.a} u SISKUR{meš} | |
| 19 | [...] ⸢ana {d}EN u⸣ {d}GAŠAN-ia₂ DU₃-uš | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.