AD -225 (X202250)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -225 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202250 |
| Museum no. | BM 33655 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | Month III, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 20°, ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | ... The 14th, ...: 6°? [...] Night of the 18th?, ... [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | ... set? ... [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | ... The 20th, locusts. Night of the 21st, first part? of the night, Venus was |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | 2 fingers above β Virginis; last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of η Tauri. The 21st, locusts. Night [of the 22nd,] last part of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | 2 1/2 cubits behind η Tauri. The 22nd, locusts. Night of the 23rd, <the moon> was 2 cubits? in front of β Tauri. The 23rd, locusts. |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | Night of the 24th, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of η Geminorum. The 24th, locusts. Night of the 25th, the moon was |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | 2 cubits behind γ Geminorum. The 25th, locusts. Night of the 26th, the moon was 1 cubit 8 fingers below β Geminorum, |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. The 26th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Leo; I did not watch; locusts. The 27th?, moonrise to sunrise?: 15°; clouds, [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | The 28th, solar eclipse (at) 5 months (distance), ..., omitted; at 73° daytime before sunset. The 29th, Sirius’ first appearance; I did not watch. |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | That month: barley, 3 pānu 2 sūtu, at the end of the month, 3 pānu 4 sūtu; dates, 2 pānu ⸢x⸣; mustard, 1 kurru; cress, 1 pānu; |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | sesame, 4 sūtu; wool, 5 minas. At that time, Jupiter was in Virgo; Venus was in Leo, at the end of the month, in Virgo; |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | around the 26th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Leo; Saturn was in Libra; Mars, which had set, was not visible. |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | That month, I did not watch the river level. That month, from the 9th to the 26th?, there were locusts. |
| Obverse [15:17] o 1616– | Month IV, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 10° 20'; dense mist, when I watched I did not see (the moon) [... Night of the 3rd,] |
| Bottom [0:1] b.e. 1b.e. 1–b.e. 1b.e. 1 | the moon was 1 cubit behind β Virginis. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind γ [Virginis,] |
| Bottom [1:2] b.e. 22–b.e. 22 | it stood 1 1/2 cubits behind Venus to the east, 2 1/2 cubits below Jupiter; first part of the night, |
| Bottom [2:3] b.e. 33–b.e. 33 | Venus was 1 1/2 cubits below γ Virginis. Night of the 5th, the moon was ⸢x⸣ cubits behind α Virginis. |
| Bottom [3:4] b.e. 44–b.e. 44 | Night of the 6th, the moon was 3 cubits in front of α Librae, it stood ⸢x⸣ cubits in front of Saturn |
| Bottom [4:6] b.e. 55– | to the west. Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1? behind β Librae. |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | Night of the 8th, the moon was 2/3? cubit behind π? Scorpii. Night of the 9th, the moon was 1 1/2? [cubits] in front of ϑ Ophiuchi. |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | Night of the 10th, first part of the night, Venus was 2/3? cubit below Jupiter. Night of the 12th, the moon was 1 cubit in front of α Scorpii. |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | Night of the 13th, <the moon> was 2/3? cubit in front of γ/δ Capricorni ... The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 12°. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 4°, |
| Reverse [3:4] r 44–r 44 | measured (despite) mist; at 52° after sunset, when α Cygni culminated, lunar eclipse; |
| Reverse [4:5] r 55–r 55 | when it began on the east side, in 17° nighttime it covered it completely; 10° nighttime maximum phase; when it began to clear, |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | it cleared in 15° nighttime from south to north; in (its) onset it was slow, in (its) clearing fast; |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | 42° onset, maximum phase, and clearing; its eclipse was red?; (in) its eclipse, a gusty north wind blew; (in) its eclipse, |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | all the planets did not stand there; 5 cubits behind δ Capricorni it became eclipsed. |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | The 14th, Mars’ first appearance in Cancer; it was small, rising of Mars to sunrise: 17°. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 4°, measured. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 6°. |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | Night of the 17th, first part of the night, Venus was 14 fingers above α Virginis; last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits in front of η Piscium. |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | Night of the 18th, the moon was 2 cubits below β Arietis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [11:12] r 1212–r 1212 | 1/2 cubit behind η Tauri. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Tauri. The 21st, Mercury’s first appearance in the east |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | in the beginning of Leo; I did not watch. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind β Tauri. |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 4 cubits above γ Geminorum. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | β Geminorum. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was 1+[x mm] in front of δ Cancri. |
| Reverse [15:17] r 1616– | Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of ε Leonis; last part of the night, Mercury was 1 finger below α Leonis, |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | it came close. Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of α Leonis, it stood 1 cubit behind Mars |
| Top [1:2] t.e. 22–t.e. 22 | to the east. The 28th, moonrise to sunrise: 10+[x°], measured (despite) mist ... [the equival]ent? was: |
| Top [2:3] t.e. 33–t.e. 33 | barley, 3 pānu 4 sūtu 3 qa; dates, 2 pānu 4 sūtu; mustard, ⸢x⸣; cress, 2 pānu [...;] |
| Top [3:4] t.e. 44–t.e. 44 | sesame, 4 sūtu; wool, 5 minas. At that time, Ju[piter was in Vir]go; Venus |
| Top [4:6] t.e. 55– | was in Virgo, at the end of the month, in Libra; the 21st, Mercury’s first appearance in the east |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | in the beginning of Leo; Saturn was in Libra; around the 14th, Mars’ first appearance in Cancer; at the end of the month, it was in Leo. |
| Left [1:2] l.e. 22–l.e. 22 | Month V, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 9° 10'; dense mist, I did not see the moon. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | SIG 1 20 na ⸢x x x⸣ [x x] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | ⸢x x x x x x x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 3 | [x x x x] 14.6 [x x x] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 18 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 4 | [x] ⸢x⸣ [x x] ⸢GE₆⸣ 19 [x x x x] ŠU₂ ⸢ULU₃ GIN⸣ | |
| 5 | [x x x x x x] 20 BURU₅ GE₆ 21 ⸢USAN⸣ dele-bat | |
| 6 | ⸢e⸣ GIR₃-ar₂ 2 U ⸢ina⸣ ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂.MUL₂ 3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 21 BURU₅ GE₆ 22 ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ sin | |
| 7 | ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 22 BURU₅ GE₆ 23 <sin> ina IGI ŠUR-SI 2 KUŠ₃ 23 BURU₅ | |
| 8 | GE₆ 24 sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 24 BURU₅ GE₆ 25 sin | |
| 9 | ar₂ SIPA 2 KUŠ₃ 25 BURU₅ GE₆ 26 sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃ 8 U | |
| 10 | sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB 26 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina A ŠU₂ NU PAP BURU₅ 27 15 KUR ⸢DIR⸣ [x x] | |
| 11 | 28 AN.KU₁₀ šamaš₂ 5 AB₂ BAR DIB in 1.13 ME ana ŠU₂ šamaš₂ 29 ⸢KAK.BAN⸣ IGI NU PAP | |
| 12 | ITU BI ŠE 3(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 3(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ZU₂ 2(BARIG) ⸢x⸣ kas₃ 1 GUR sah 1 PI | |
| 13 | ŠE.GIŠ 4(BAN₂) SIG₂ 5 ma i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina ABSIN dele-bat ina A ina TIL ITU ina ABSIN | |
| 14 | in 26 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina A ŠU₂ GENNA ina RIN₂ AN ša₂ ŠU₂-u₂ NU IGI | |
| 15 | ITU BI ILLU NU PAP ITU BI TA 9 EN 26 BURU₅{hi.a} | |
| 16 | ŠU 30 10.20 na a-kam₂ KALAG ki PAP NU IGI [... GE₆ 3 | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | sin ar₂ GIR₃-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ ⸢DELE-ša₂-IGI⸣-[ABSIN N N] | |
| 2 | ar₂ dele-bat 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢USAN⸣ | |
| 3 | dele-bat SIG DELE-ša₂-⸢IGI⸣-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 5 sin ar₂ SA₄ | |
| 4 | ⸢x⸣ KUŠ₃ GE₆ 6 sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 3 KUŠ₃ ina IGI GENNA | |
| 5 | ⸢x⸣ KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB ⸢GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ RIN₂-⸢ša₂⸣-[SI] 1 KUŠ₃ | |
| r | ||
| 1 | GE₆ 8 sin ar₂ MUL₂-SIG 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 9 sin ina IGI šil-PA 1 1/2 [KUŠ₃] | |
| 2 | GE₆ 10 ⸢USAN⸣ dele-bat SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 12 sin ina IGI SI₄ 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 3 | GE₆ 13 <sin> ina IGI SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2/3 KUŠ₃ 13 12 ŠU₂ GE₆ 14 4 ⸢ME⸣ | |
| 4 | a muš 52 GE₆ GIN ⸢SA₄-ša₂⸣-GABA-šu₂ ziq-pi sin AN.KU₁₀ | |
| 5 | A₂ KUR ki TAB-u₂ ina 17 GE₆ gab-šu₂ ŠU₂ 10 UŠ GE₆ IR₂ ana ZALAG₂ | |
| 6 | ki-i TAB-u₂ ina 15 GE₆ TA ULU₃ ana SI ZALAG₂ ina GAR ne₂-hi ina ZALAG₂ ha-muṭ | |
| 7 | 42 GAR IR₂ u ZALAG₂ AN.KU₁₀-šu₂ SA₅ AN.KU₁₀-šu₂ SI ŠAR₂ GIN ⸢AN.KU₁₀-šu₂⸣ | |
| 8 | {d}UDU.IDIM{meš} gab-bi NU GUB{meš} 5 KUŠ₃ ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ |KA×MI| | |
| 9 | 14 AN ina ALLA IGI TUR 17 na 14 4 na muš GE₆ 15 6 GE₆ | |
| 10 | GE₆ 17 USAN dele-bat e SA₄ 14 SI ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI nu-nu 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 11 | GE₆ 18 sin SIG MUL₂-IGI 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 12 | ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ is 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 21 GU₄.UD ina NIM | |
| 13 | ina SAG-A IGI NU PAP GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ ŠUR-SI 2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 14 | GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 4 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI | |
| 15 | MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1+[x N] | |
| 16 | GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SAG-A 1 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ GU₄.UD SIG LUGAL | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | 1 SI TE GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ⸢LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ ⸢ar₂⸣ AN 1 KUŠ₃ | |
| 2 | ana NIM GUB 28 10+[x] KUR a-kam₂ muš x x [KI].⸢LAM⸣ | |
| 3 | ŠE 3(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) 3 qa ZU₂ 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) kas₃ ⸢x sah⸣ 2(BARIG) PI [x] | |
| 4 | ŠE.⸢GIŠ⸣ 4(BAN₂) SIG₂ 5 ma i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.[BABBAR ina] ⸢ABSIN⸣ dele-⸢bat⸣ | |
| 5 | ina ABSIN ⸢ina TIL ITU⸣ ina RIN₂ 21 GU₄.⸢UD ina NIM⸣ | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | ina SAG-A IGI GENNA ina RIN₂ in 14 AN ina ALLA IGI ina TIL ITU ina A | |
| 2 | NE 1 9.10 na a KALAG sin NU IGI | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.