AD -222 (X202220)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -222 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202220 |
| Museum no. | BM 40106 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [...] a strong south wind bl[ew ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] thick rain, cloudburst, PIS[AN DIB ...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] first appearance in Capricorn; it was bright and high, 10+[x° ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [...] ... clouds were in the sky. The 8th, in the mo[rning, ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] thick rain, cloudburst, PISAN DIB; when [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... Night of the 10th,] beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 [cubits] behind ζ Tauri [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... Night of the 11th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 2 [mm] behind γ Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [... Ni]ght of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind β Geminorum. |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 1° 50'; clouds, I did not watch; clouds were in the sky. |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] were in the sky. The 15th, very overcast. Night of the 16th, all night |
| Obverse [10:12] o 11'11'– | [... Night of the 18th, last part of the] night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits behind α Virginis. |
| Bottom [0:3] b.e. 1b.e. 1– | Diary [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'1'–r 1'1' | [...] Night of the 20+[xth] ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [... Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon ...] stood 1 cubit 8 fingers behind Mercury to the east. The 28th, moonrise to sunrise: [x°] 50', measured. |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] of the month, 2 pānu, at the end of the month, 2 pānu 2 sūtu; dates, 3 pānu 2 sūtu |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [... Venus'] first appearance [in the east in] Capricorn; around the 10th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Capricorn; Saturn was in Sagittarius; |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [Month XI, ... Night of the 4th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Arietis. |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [... Night of the 6th, beg]inning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits above α Tauri. |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [... clou]ds were in the sky. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [...] very overcast. The 10th, very overcast. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [...] measured; clouds were in the sky; beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Night of the 14th, the moon was nn cu]bits 8 fingers [in front of γ Virginis]. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 6° 20'; clouds, I did not watch. |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [...] slow rain, PISAN DIB. |
| Reverse [12:14] r 13'13'– | [... The 1]8th?, clouds were in the sky. The 19th, overcast. |
| Right [0:1] r.e. 1r.e. 1–r.e. 1r.e. 1 | ($perhaps one line missing$) |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ULU₃ KALAG ⸢GIN⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ kab-bar rad ⸢PISAN⸣ [DIB ...] | |
| 3' | [... ina] MAŠ₂ IGI KUR NIM-a 10+[x na-su ...] | |
| 4' | [...] [x] DIR AN ZA 8 ina ⸢še⸣-[ri₃ ...] | |
| 5' | [...] AN kab-bar rad PISAN DIB ki [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ ŠUR-ULU₃ 1 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 11 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2 [...] | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 9' | [...] GE₆ 14 1.50 ME DIR NU PAP DIR AN ZA | |
| 10' | [...] AN ZA 15 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 16 kal GE₆ | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 18 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | ⸢EN.NUN ša₂ gi⸣-[ne₂-e ...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] GE₆ 20+[x] [x x x] [...] | |
| 2' | [... GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] ar₂ GU₄.UD 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI ana NIM GUB 28 [x].50 KUR muš⸣ | |
| 3' | [...] ITU 2(BARIG) PI ina TIL ITU 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ZU₂.LUM 3(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) | |
| 4' | [... dele-bat ina NIM ina] ⸢MAŠ₂⸣ IGI in 10 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina MAŠ₂ IGI GENNA ina PA | |
| 5' | [...] | |
| 6' | [ZIZ₂ ... GE₆ 4 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 6 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin e is-le₁₀ 3 KUŠ₃ | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 9' | [...] ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 10 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 10' | [...] muš DIR AN ZA SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 14 sin ina IGI DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN N] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 8 U 14 6.20 na DIR NU PAP | |
| 12' | [...] AN ne₂-hi PISAN DIB | |
| 13' | [...] 18 DIR AN ZA 19 ŠU₂ | |
| r.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] MU.1.29.KAM₂ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.