AD -221 (X202210)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
Open in the reader & map →See it among all tablets
| Designation | AD -221 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202210 |
| Museum no. | BM 41519 + 41860 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [Month IX, ...] the 1st, very overcast. Night of the 2nd, clouds crossed the sky ... [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [...] The 3rd, very overcast. Night of the 4th, clouds were in the sky. The 4th, Mercury’s [first appearance in the west] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | [in (the beginning of) Capricorn ...] much [...,] thick rain DUL. The 5th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the [6th?,] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [... Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits in front of η Piscium; last part of the night, ...[...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | [... Night of the 9th, beginning of the night,] the moon was 2 cubits below β Arietis, the moon being α little? |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | [... Night] of the 12th, beginning of the night, a little rain shower; last part of the night, Mars was [...] above [α Scorpii.] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [... Night of the 13th, beginning of the ni]ght, the moon was 1 cubit behind ζ Tauri. The 13th, [...] 12°, measured. |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [...] overcast. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 9° 20'; clouds, I did not watch; very overcast. |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [... Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was] 6 cubits below ε Leonis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [... clouds] were in the sky. Night of the 18th, very overcast; last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind ϑ Leonis. |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | [... Night] of the 20th, very overcast; last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits behind γ Virginis. |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was] 3 cubits [behind α Virginis;] very overcast. The 21st, very overcast. Night of the 2[2nd], last part of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [... α Librae ... Night] of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of δ |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | [Scorpii ...] ... [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [... Night of the 26th,] last part of the night, the moon [stood] 1 ... in front of Saturn |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | [... The 28th,] solstice; I did not watch; all day clouds crossed the sky. |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | [... the equivalent was: bar]ley, 3 pānu 1 sūtu, at the end of the month, 3 pānu; |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | [...] were sold [for 1 shekel] of silver which was given in the land. At that time, |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [...;] Mars was in Scorpius. That month, the river level in the beginning of the month |
| Obverse [20:21] o 2121–o 2121 | [Month X, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month, ...] ... Night of the 1st, last part of the night, overcast. The 1st, clouds crossed the sky, dew. |
| Obverse [21:22] o 2222–o 2222 | [... The 3rd, Sirius’ acronychal] rising; clouds, I did not watch; very overcast. Night of the 4th, clouds were in the sky. |
| Obverse [22:23] o 2323–o 2323 | [... Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit [behind η ] Piscium. The 7th, in the afternoon, |
| Obverse [23:24] o 2424–o 2424 | [...] cubits. The 8th, [...] ... Night of the 9th, |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] the moon? [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [... the dis]c of the sun [looked] like that of the moon [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] much strong wailing [thunder? ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] thick rain ... [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [...] stood to the east [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [...] ... 4? [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...] very overcast. Ni[ght ...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [... x]+1 pānu 3 q[a ...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... Mercu]ry? was in Pisces; ... [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... in] the beginning of the month, 1 finger [...] |
| Reverse [12:14] r 13'13'– | [...,] king [An]tiochus. |
| Right [0:1] r.e. 1r.e. 1–r.e. 1r.e. 1 | [Year 9]0 Year 90. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [GAN ...] 1 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 2 DIR AN DIB ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | [...] 3 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 4 DIR AN ZA 4 GU₄.UD [ina ŠU₂] | |
| 3 | [ina (SAG) MAŠ₂ IGI ...] ⸢MAH⸣ AN kab-bar DUL-hat 5 DIR AN ZA ⸢GE₆⸣ 6 | |
| 4 | [... GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin] ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ ⸢x⸣ [x x] | |
| 5 | [... GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆] sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN 2 KUŠ₃ sin i-[ṣa] | |
| 6 | [... GE₆] 12 SAG GE₆ AN UTAH i-ṣa ina ZALAG₂ AN ⸢e⸣ [SI₄] | |
| 7 | [N N ... GE₆ 13 SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ar₂ ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ 13 12 [x] ⸢muš⸣ | |
| 8 | [...] ŠU₂ GE₆ 15 9.20 GE₆ DIR NU PAP ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 9 | [... GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ⸢SIG⸣ SAG-A 6 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB | |
| 10 | [... DIR] ⸢AN⸣ ZA GE₆ 18 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ GIŠ.KUN-A 1 KUŠ₃ | |
| 11 | [... GE₆] 20 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 3 KUŠ₃ | |
| 12 | [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN] 3 KUŠ₃ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 21 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 13 | [x RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ N N ... GE₆] 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI | |
| 14 | MUL₂-MURUB₄-[ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB N N ...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 15 | [... GE₆ 26 ⸢ina ZALAG₂ sin ina⸣ IGI GENNA 1 ⸢x⸣ [x] | |
| 16 | [... 28 ⸢šamaš₂⸣ GUB NU PAP kal U₄ DIR AN DIB | |
| 17 | [... KI.LAM še]-im 3(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 3(BARIG) PI | |
| 18 | [... ana 1 GIN₂] KU₃.BABBAR ep₂-šu₂ ša₂ ina KUR SUM-in i-nu-šu₂ | |
| 19 | [...] AN ina GIR₂.TAB ITU BI ILLU ina SAG ITU | |
| 20 | [...] | |
| 21 | [AB 30 ...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 1 ina ZALAG₂ ŠU₂ 1 DIR AN DIB AN na-al-šu₂ | |
| 22 | [... 3 KAK.BAN ana ME E]-a DIR NU PAP ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 4 DIR AN ZA | |
| 23 | [... GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-KUR]-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 1 KUŠ₃ 7 ina KIN.SIG | |
| 24 | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃ 8 [x x] ⸢x⸣ [x] ⸢GE₆⸣ 9 | |
| 25 | [...] ⸢x⸣ | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [... HAB]-⸢rat⸣ šamaš₂ GIM ša₂ sin [IGI.LA₂ ...] | |
| 3' | [... GU₃ U] MAH KALAG ṣar-[hi ...] | |
| 4' | [...] AN kab-bar ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [...] ana NIM GUB [...] | |
| 6' | [...] ⸢x⸣ AN 4 [...] | |
| 7' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [... x]+1 PI 3 ⸢qa⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [... GU₄].⸢UD⸣ ina zib{me} ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... ina] SAG ITU 1 U⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [...] | |
| 13' | [... {m}an]-⸢ti-ʾu-uk-su LUGAL⸣ | |
| r.e. | ||
| 1 | [MU 60+30.⸢KAM₂⸣ MU 60+30.⸢KAM₂⸣ | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.