AD -210 (X202100)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -210 |
|---|---|
| ID | X202100 |
| Museum no. | BM 45610 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [... Th]at [month], the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): bar[ley, ...] |
| Obverse [1:3] o 2'2'–o 3'3' | [... at the en]d of the month in Taurus; Mercury was in Gemini, in the middle [of the month ...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [Month III, ...] 4? cubits. Night of the 2nd, the moon was [...] in front of δ Cancri [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night,] the moon was 1 cubit behind ϑ Leonis. Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [... Night of the 9th, beg]inning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind α Librae. Night of the 10th, beginn]ing of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 3 1/2 cubits [behind] ϑ Ophiuchi. The 12th?, Mercury’s [last appearance in the west in Cancer ...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... Night of the 14th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon stood 1 1/2 cubits behind Jupiter to the east ... [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] 2 1/2 cubits. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind δ Capri[corni ...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [... Night of the 22nd,] last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Arietis [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night,] the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of β Tauri. Night of the 26th, last part of the [night, the moon ...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... Night] of the 29th?, last part of the night, Venus was 1 finger above ζ Tauri, it came close [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [... woo]l, 4 minas, were sold for 1 shekel of silver [...] |
| Obverse [12:14] o 13'13'–o 14'14' | [...] That month, I did not watch the river level. |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [Month IV, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... the moon was] 2 1/2 cubits [above] α Leonis. The 1st, around noon, a „fall of fire“ [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [... Night of the 3rd, the moon was] 1 cubit [behind] β Virginis. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moo[n ...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [... Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2/3 cubit [in front of] α Librae. Night of the 7th, [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] last part of the night, [Mars was] 4 cubits below ε Leonis. The 14th, ... [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [the moon was nn] cubits [behind] α Arietis, it stood 3 cubits in front of Saturn to the west [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [the moon was] 1 2/3 cubits [below ζ ] Tauri, the moon being 1/2 cubit back to the west. Night of the 22nd, last part [of the night, ... Night of the 24th, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [the moon was] 2 cubits [... β Gemi]norum. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 [cubit] behind δ Cancri [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [...] ... Night of the 27th, last part of the night, Venus was 2 fingers above α Leonis. The 28th, moonrise to sunrise: 23° 10', measured. Night [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] 2 pānu?; sesame, 2 sūtu 1 1/2 qa; wool, 4 minas were sold for 1 shekel of silver. At that time, [...] |
| Reverse [7:9] r 8'8'–r 9'9' | [...] That [mon]th, I did not watch the river level. |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [Month VI, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), ...] when I watched I did not see it. Night of the 3rd, the moon was 2 cubits behind α Librae. Around the 3rd, when Saturn became stationary in the east, [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [Night of the 4th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 2 fingers below δ Scorpii, the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 5th, beginning of the ni[ght, ... Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was ... in front of β Capricorni,] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [the moon being ...] low [to the sou]th. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind β Capricorni; last part of the night, Mars was [...] above ρ Leon[is ... Night of the 13th?, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [Mars was] 4 cubits [below ϑ Leo]nis. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 9° 50'. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 2°, measured. The 14th, [sunrise to moonset: nn° ... Night of the 16th, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [the moon was] 5 cubits [below] α Arietis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in [front of η Tauri ... Night of the 19th,] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | [last part of the night, the m]oon was 2 cubits in front of β Tauri; last part of the night, Venus was 1 finger above β Virginis, it came close [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night,] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [behind] γ Geminorum. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 1/2? cubit behind β Geminorum, the moon ... [...] |
| Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16' | [... Night] of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] above ρ Leo[nis ...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [... ITU] ⸢BI⸣ KI.LAM ⸢še⸣-[im ...] | |
| 2' | [... ina] ⸢TIL⸣ ITU ina MUL₂.MUL₂ GU₄.UD ⸢ina⸣ MAŠ.MAŠ ina MURUB₄ [ITU ...] | |
| 3' | [SIG ...] 4 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 2 sin ina IGI MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-⸢ULU₃⸣ [N N ...] | |
| 4' | [... GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆] sin ar₂ GIŠ.KUN-A 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ [...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 9 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ar₂ RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 10 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆ ...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂] ⸢MUL₂⸣-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ 12 GU₄.UD [ina ŠU₂ ina ALLA ŠU₂ ...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 14 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB [x] [...] | |
| 8' | [...] 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-[ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ N N ...] | |
| 9' | [... GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 10' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂] sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 26 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [sin ...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆] 29 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 SI TE [...] | |
| 12' | [... SIG₂{hi].a} 4 MA.NA ana 1 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR ep₂-šu₂ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ITU BI ILLU NU PAP | |
| 14' | [ŠU 1 ... sin e] LUGAL 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 1 ina AN.BAR₇ IZI.ŠUB [...] | |
| 15' | [... GE₆ 3 sin ar₂ GIR₃]-ar₂-ša₂-A 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | [... GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI] RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 7 [...] | |
| 17' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ [AN] ⸢SIG⸣ [SAG]-A 4 KUŠ₃ 14 ⸢x⸣ [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 3' | [sin ar₂ MUL₂]-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN [N] KUŠ₃ ina IGI GENNA 3 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢ŠU₂ GUB⸣ [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 4' | [sin SIG ŠUR]-⸢GIGIR⸣-ša₂-SI 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL GE₆ 22 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 5' | [sin x MAŠ.MAŠ]-ar₂ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 6' | [x x x] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e LUGAL 2 U 28 23.10 KUR muš GE₆ [...] | |
| 7' | [x x x] 2(BARIG) PI ŠE.GIŠ 2(BAN₂) 1 1/2 qa SIG₂{hi.a} 4 MA.NA a-na 1 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR ep₂-šu₂ ⸢i-nu-šu₂⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [x x x] ⸢ITU⸣ BI ILLU NU PAP | |
| 9' | [KIN 30 x x (x)] ki PAP NU IGI GE₆ 3 sin ar₂ RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 KUŠ₃ in EN 3 GENNA ana ⸢NIM ki UŠ⸣-[u₂ ...] | |
| 10' | [GE₆ 4 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-MURUB₄-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 2 U sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆⸣ [... GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI SI-MAŠ₂ N N] | |
| 11' | [sin N N ana] ⸢ULU₃⸣ SIG GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ AN e MUL₂-⸢TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃⸣-[ar₂-LUGAL N N ... GE₆ 13 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 12' | [AN SIG GIŠ].⸢KUN⸣-A 4 KUŠ₃ 13 9.50 ŠU₂ GE₆ 14 2 ME muš 14 [N na ... GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 13' | [sin SIG MUL₂]-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 5 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina [IGI MUL₂.MUL₂ N N ... GE₆ 19 | |
| 14' | [ina ZALAG₂] ⸢sin⸣ ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 1 U TE [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 15' | [sin ar₂] MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin ar₂⸣ [MAŠ].MAŠ-⸢ar₂ 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | [... GE₆] 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MUL₂-TUR-⸢ša₂⸣-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL N N ...] | |
| 17' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.