AD -202B (X202022)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -202B |
|---|---|
| ID | X202022 |
| Museum no. | BM 34170 + 35703 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [... Night ot the 12th?, last part of the night, Venus was] 1 1/2 cubits [above] α Virginis. Night of the 13th, [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] having passed to the east. The 14th, moonset to sunrise: 4° 10'. Night of the 15th, moonrise to sunset: 1° 20' [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [... Night] of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of β Tauri. Night [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... Night] of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind β Geminorum. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [... Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was] 1/2 cubit [... ϑ Leonis], it stood 1 cubit behind Saturn to the east. Night of the 24th, last part of the [night, ...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was ... below γ Virginis, the moon] having passed [... to] the east, it stood 3 cubits in front of Jupiter to the west [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon stood nn] cubits [in front of Venus] to the west; last part of the night, Venus was ... above α Librae [...] ... The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 12° [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] That [mo]nth, the equivalent was: barley, 1 kurru 1 pānu 1 sūtu 3 qa, [at the end? of the month, 1 k]ur 1 pānu 1 sūtu; dates, 1 i{kurru} 1 pānu 4 sūtu [...] |
| Obverse [8:10] o 9'9'–o 10'10' | [... which] were given in the land. At that time, Jupiter was [in Virgo; Venus was in Virgo, in] the middle of the month, in Libra; around the 28th, Mercury’s [last appearance] in the east in Libra [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [Month VIII, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ...] ... last part of the night, Venus was 3 cubits below β Librae. Ni[ght of the 4th, beginning of the night?, the moon was] 2 cubits behind β Capricorni. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moo[n ...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 3 1/2 cubits [in front of η ] Piscium. Night of the 11th, [beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 1/2 cubits [below] β Arietis, the moon being 1/2 cubit [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] were in the sky. The 12th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 13th, beginning [of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [below η Tau]ri. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: ⸢x+20'⸣, measured; a[ll? night ...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [...] ⸢x⸣ after sunrise. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 2°; last part of the night, the moo[n was] 1 1/2 cubits [behind] ζ Tauri. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, Jupiter was [...] above α Vir[ginis ...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [...] ... having passed a little to the east. The 17th, thin clouds [...] the sky, the sun was surrounded by a halo. Night of the 18th, very overcast; last part of the night, the moon was [...] below [γ/δ] Cancri [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [... Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit behind ε Leonis. The 19th, all day clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 20th, very overcast, rain shower; last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of ρ L[eonis ...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [... Night of the 21st,] very overcast; last part of the night, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front [of β Vir]ginis. The 21st, very overcast. Night of the 22nd, very overcast; last part of the night, the moon [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [...] ... [... the moon ...] stood 1 1/2 cubits [in front of Jupit]er, the moon being 1? cubit low to the south [...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 18'18'–o 18'18' | [... Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was] 8 fingers [...] δ Scorpii. The 26th, ... [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 19'19'–o 19'19' | [...] rain DUL. The 29th, very overcast [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 20'20'–o 20'20' | [...] wool, [nn] minas were [given] in the land [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] ..., the moon having passed a little to the east; in ... [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] 3 qa [...] cress, 2 pānu 4 sūtu; sesame, 3 sūtu 3 qa; wool, 4? [minas ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [... Venus'] first appearance in the west in the end of Aquarius; around the 20+[xth, Mercury's] last? appearance [in the ea]st in the end of Aquarius; Saturn was in Leo; Mars was in Capricorn [...] |
| Reverse [4:6] r 5'5'–r 6'6' | [...] until the 28th, (the river level) rose 4 fingers, 25 was the na na-gauge [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [Month XII, ...] 2 cubits, the moon being 1/2 cubit to [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] ... very overcast; in the morning, rain shower. ... [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...] 1 2/3 cubit [...] η Geminorum. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [...] the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 [cubits] in front of α Leonis [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [...] overcast, rain DUL. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 12° 40'; [clouds?, I did not] watch; very overcast [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... sunrise to] moonset: [nn°,] measured (despite) clouds; ... in the afternoon, south wind? [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [...] ... very overcast?, gusty south wind [...] ... [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [...] strong gusty south wind ... [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [... GE₆ 12 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e] ⸢SA₄-ša₂⸣-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 13 [...] | |
| 2' | [... ana] NIM DIB 14 4.10 ŠU₂ GE₆ 15 1.20 ME [...] | |
| 3' | [... GE₆] 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ [...] | |
| 4' | [... GE₆] 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin x GIŠ.KUN-A] 1/2 KUŠ₃ ar₂ GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB GE₆ 24 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN N N sin N N ana] NIM DIB ina IGI MUL₂.BABBAR 3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB [...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin ... ina IGI dele-bat N] KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ ⸢x⸣ [x x x x] ⸢x x⸣ 27 12 ⸢KUR⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢ITU⸣ BI KI.LAM ŠE 1(GUR) GUR 1(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) 3 qa [ina TIL ITU 1(GUR) ⸢GUR⸣ 1(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ZU₂ 1(GUR) 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) [...] | |
| 9' | [...] ina KUR SUM-nu i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR [ina ABSIN dele-bat ina ABSIN ina] MURUB₄ ITU ina RIN₂ in 28 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina RIN₂ [ŠU₂ ...] | |
| 10' | [APIN 1 ...] ⸢x⸣ ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG RIN₂-ša₂-SI 3 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆⸣ 4 SAG GE₆ sin] ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR]-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 11 [SAG GE₆ sin SIG] ⸢MUL₂⸣-IGI-ša₂-SAG-⸢HUN⸣ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 12' | [...] AN ZA 12 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 13 SAG [GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂].⸢MUL₂⸣ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 14 10.[x]+20 ME muš ⸢kal⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] [x] ME NIM-a GE₆ 15 2 GE₆ ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [ar₂ ŠUR-GIGIR]-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ MUL₂.BABBAR e SA₄-[ša₂-ABSIN N N ...] | |
| 14' | [...] ⸢x⸣ i-ṣa ana NIM DIB 17 DIR SAL ⸢AN⸣ [x] ⸢x⸣ šamaš₂ TUR₃ NIGIN₂ GE₆ 18 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-⸢ša₂⸣-[ALLA ...] | |
| 15' | [... GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ⸢ar₂⸣ SAG-A 1 KUŠ₃ 19 kal U₄ ⸢DIR⸣ AN DIB GE₆ 20 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-⸢TUR⸣-[ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL N N ...] | |
| 16' | [... GE₆ 21 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin ina ⸢IGI⸣ [GIR₃]-⸢ar₂⸣-ša₂-A 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ 21 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 22 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 17' | [...] [x x x] [... sin ... ina IGI] ⸢MUL₂.BABBAR⸣ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG [...] | |
| 18' | [... GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin x] ⸢MUL₂-MURUB₄⸣-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 8 SI 26 [x] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 19' | [...] AN DUL-hat GE₆ 29 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 20' | [...] SIG₂{hi.a} [N] ⸢MA.NA ina KUR⸣ [SUM-nu ...] | |
| 21' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [x x] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x x x x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢x⸣ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB ina ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] 3 qa [...] ⸢sah⸣ 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ 3(BAN₂) 3 qa SIG₂{hi.a} 4 [MA.NA ...] | |
| 4' | [... dele-bat] ina ŠU₂ ina TIL GU IGI in 20+⸢x GU₄⸣.[UD ina] ⸢NIM⸣ ina TIL GU ŠU₂ GENNA ina A AN ina MAŠ₂ [...] | |
| 5' | [...] EN 28 4 U GIN 25 ⸢na⸣ [x x] | |
| 6' | [ŠE ...] 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana [...] | |
| 7' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina še-ri₃ AN UTAH MI ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [... MUL₂]-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin [...] | |
| 9' | [...] sin i ana NIM DIB GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI LUGAL 3 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 10' | [...] ŠU₂ AN DUL-hat GE₆ 14 12.40 ME [DIR NU] PAP ŠU₂.ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 11' | [... N] ⸢na⸣ DIR muš ⸢x⸣ ina KIN.SIG ⸢ULU₃⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [x ŠU₂].⸢ŠU₂⸣ ULU₃ ⸢ŠAR₂⸣ [x x] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ⸢x⸣ ULU₃ ŠAR₂ KALAG ma [...] | |
| 14' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.