AD -195D (X201954)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -195D |
|---|---|
| ID | X201954 |
| Museum no. | BM 55523 + 55553 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [Night of the 16th, last part of the] night, the moon was 1 cubit above ρ Leonis, the moon having passed a little to the east. The 16th, Mercury’s [last appearance] in the west |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [in Capricorn ...] ... The 16th, solstice; I did not watch. Night of the 17th, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of β Virginis. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | 2 cubits [in front of γ] Virginis. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of α Virginis. |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [Night] of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was ... 6 fingers above Mars. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits above α Librae, the moon having passed a little to the east. The 21st, Sirius’ acronychal rising. |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | ... clouds were in the sky. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of β Scorpii, it stood [x]+1/2 cubits in front of Saturn |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | to the west, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits high to the north; clouds were in the sky. The 22nd, all day clouds were in the sky. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits above α Scorpii, |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. The 23rd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind ϑ Ophiuchi. The 24th, all day clouds crossed the sky. |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | ... clouds were in the sky. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 17°, measured; the moon stood 1 1/2 cubits behind Mercury to the east ... Mercury |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [...] around the 24th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Capricorn. The 27th, in the afternoon, clouds crossed the sky, rain shower |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [... all?] day clouds crossed the sky, slow rain so that the sandal was removed. The 29th, clouds were in the sky. The 30th, clouds were in the sky. |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | That month, the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): barley, in the beginning of the month 2 pānu, in the middle of the month 2 pānu 1 sūtu, at the end of the month 2 pānu 2 sūtu; dates, 1 kurru |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | 4 sūtu?; mustard, [1 k]ur 1 pānu 5 sūtu?; cress, 1 ...; sesame, 5 sūtu; wool, 4 minas. At that time, |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [Ju]piter was in Aries; Venus was in Aquarius, at the end of the month, in Pisces; around the 24th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Aquariussic; Saturn was in Scorpius; Mars was in Libra?. |
| Obverse [13:15] o 1414–o 1515 | That month, the river level from the 19th to the end of the month rose 1/2 <cubit>, total: 28 was the na na-gauge. |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [Month X,] the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 17° 30'; it was bright, earthshine, measured; clouds were in the sky. The 1st, all day clouds crossed the sky. |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | [...] a little [PISAN] DIB. Night of the 2nd, beginning of the night, clouds crossed the sky. The 3rdsic, all day clouds crossed the sky. |
| Obverse [16:18] o 1717– | [...] Night of the 3rd, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of Venus, the moon being 2 cubits low to the south. |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | [...] Night of the 5th, beginn[ing of the ni]ght, the moon was [...] below η Piscium |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | [...] ... Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was 5 [cubi]ts below α Arietis, |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | it stood 1 cubit [in front of Jupiter] to the west, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits low to the south. |
| Reverse [3:4] r 44–r 44 | Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of η Tauri, the moon being 4 cubits low to the south; all night clouds crossed the sky, rain shower. |
| Reverse [4:5] r 55–r 55 | The 7th, in the morning?, overcast, rain shower. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit above α Tauri, the moon being a little back to the west. |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | Night of the 9th, all [night clouds] crossed the sky, slow rain, α ??? PISAN DIB. The 9th, all day very overcast, dew. |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | Night of the 10th, beginning of the ni[ght, the moon was] 3 2/3 cubits [above γ Gemi]norum, the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | 1 cubit below β Geminorum [...] clouds crossed the sky. The 12th, moonset to sunrise: 7° 30', measured (despite) clouds. Night of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 12° 30', |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | measured (despite) clouds; last part of the night, the moon was [...] above? α Leo[nis, the moon] having passed [... to the ea]st?. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 5°, measured. Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: 2°, measured (despite) clouds; |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits below ϑ Leonis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 15th, very overcast; |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | last part of the night, clouds crossed the sky. The 15th, clouds crossed the sky; in the morning, rain [...] all day very overcast. |
| Reverse [11:12] r 1212–r 1212 | Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was 1? cubit above γ Virginis, the moon having passed 1/2? cubit? ... |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | to the east. Night of the 17th, very overcast. The 17th, clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 18th, very overcast, |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | ... clouds crossed the sky. The 18th, clouds crossed the sky, slow rain but the sandal was not removed; |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | the south? wind blew. Night of the 19th, beginning of the night, clouds crossed the sky, rain DUL; last part of the night, the moon was |
| Reverse [15:16] r 1616–r 1616 | 1 1/2 cubits behind β Librae, the moon being 2 cubits low to the south, [it stood] 3 cubits behind Mars to the east. |
| Reverse [16:18] r 1717– | [Night of the 2]0th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind β Scorpii, [it stood] 6 cubits behind Mars to the east. |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | [... fr]om the 11th to the 16th, (the river level) rose 1/2? cubit, total: 19 was the na na-gauge; |
| Top [1:3] t.e. 22– | [... until] the 20th, it receded 1/2 cubit, total: 22 was the na na-gauge. |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [...] ... stood. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [GE₆ 16 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin e MUL₂-TUR 1 KUŠ₃ i sin ana NIM DIB 16 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ | |
| 2 | [ina MAŠ₂ ŠU₂ x x x] 16 šamaš₂ ⸢GUB⸣ NU PAP GE₆ 17 sin ina IGI GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin | |
| 3 | [ina IGI DELE]-⸢ša₂⸣-IGI-ABSIN 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 4 | [GE₆] 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin e AN ⸢x⸣ 6 SI GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin e RIN₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ i sin ana NIM DIB 21 KAK.BAN⸣ ana ME E-a | |
| 5 | [x x x x] DIR AN ZA GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 2 KUŠ₃ ina IGI GENNA [x]+1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 6 | ana ŠU₂ GUB sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM DIR AN ZA 22 kal U₄ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin e SI₄ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 7 | sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB 23 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ 24 kal U₄ DIR AN ⸢DIB⸣ | |
| 8 | AN ⸢x x x⸣ DIR AN ZA 27 17 KUR muš sin ar₂ GU₄ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB [x x x] GU₄.UD | |
| 9 | [x x x] in 24 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina MAŠ₂ IGI 27 ⸢ina KIN.SIG DIR⸣ AN DIB AN ⸢UTAH⸣ | |
| 10 | [x kal] ⸢U₄⸣ DIR AN DIB AN ne₂-hi {kuš}E.SIR₂ TUH 29 DIR AN ⸢ZA⸣ 30 DIR [AN] ⸢ZA⸣ | |
| 11 | ⸢ITU BI⸣ KI.LAM ŠE ina SAG ITU 2(BARIG) PI ina MURUB₄ ITU 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ZU₂ 1(GUR) ⸢GUR⸣ | |
| 12 | 4(BAN₂) kas₃⸣ 1(GUR) ⸢GUR⸣ 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) sah 1 a-mar ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ 5(BAN₂) SIG₂{hi.a} 4 MA.NA i-nu-šu₂ | |
| 13 | ⸢MUL₂⸣.BABBAR ina HUN dele-bat ina GU ina TIL ITU ina zib{me} in 24 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina GU IGI GENNA ina GIR₂.TAB ⸢AN ina RIN₂⸣ | |
| 14 | ⸢ITU⸣ BI ILLU TA 19 EN TIL ITU 1/2 <KUŠ₃> GIN PAP 28 na | |
| 15 | {[itu}AB] 1 17.30 na-su KUR₄ a-pir muš DIR AN ZA U₄.1.KAM₂ kal U₄ DIR AN DIB | |
| 16 | [x x PISAN] i-ṣa DIB GE₆ 2 SAG GE₆ DIR AN DIB 3 kal U₄ DIR AN DIB | |
| 17 | [x x x x] GE₆ 3 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI dele-bat 2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG | |
| r | ||
| 1 | [...] GE₆ 5 ⸢SAG GE₆⸣ sin SIG MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu | |
| 2 | [N N ...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 5 KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 3 | [ina IGI MUL₂.BABBAR] 1 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG | |
| 4 | GE₆ 7 ⸢SAG GE₆⸣ sin ⸢ina IGI MUL₂.MUL₂⸣ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG kal GE₆ DIR AN DIB AN ⸢UTAH⸣ | |
| 5 | 7 ina ⸢še-ri₃⸣ ŠU₂ AN UTAH GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin e is-le₁₀ 2/3 KUŠ₃ i sin ana ŠU₂ LAL | |
| 6 | GE₆ 9 kal [GE₆ DIR] ⸢AN⸣ DIB AN ne₂-hi PISAN i-ṣa DIB 9 kal U₄ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN na-al-šu₂ | |
| 7 | GE₆ 10 SAG ⸢GE₆⸣ [sin e MAŠ.MAŠ]-⸢ša₂-SIPA⸣ 3 2/3 KUŠ₃ i sin ana NIM DIB GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin | |
| 8 | SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃ [...] ⸢DIR AN DIB⸣ 12 7.30 ŠU₂ DIR muš GE₆ 13 12.30 ME | |
| 9 | DIR muš ina ZALAG₂ sin x ⸢LUGAL⸣ [N N sin N N ana NIM] ⸢DIB⸣ 13 5 na muš GE₆ 14 2 GE₆ DIR muš | |
| 10 | ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG GIŠ.KUN-A 3 ⸢KUŠ₃ sin⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 15 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 11 | ina ZALAG₂ ⸢DIR⸣ AN DIB 15 DIR AN DIB ina še-ri₃ AN [x] kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 12 | GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin e DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ [x x] | |
| 13 | ana NIM DIB GE₆ 17 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 17 DIR AN DIB GE₆ 18 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ | |
| 14 | ⸢x⸣ DIR AN DIB 18 DIR AN DIB AN ne₂-hi E.SIR₂ NU TUH | |
| 15 | ⸢ULU₃⸣ GIN GE₆ 19 SAG GE₆ DIR AN DIB AN DUL ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ | |
| 16 | [RIN₂]-ša₂-SI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG ar₂ AN 3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM | |
| 17 | [GUB GE₆] 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 1 KUŠ₃ ar₂ AN 6 ⸢KUŠ₃ ana NIM⸣ | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | [GUB ...] ⸢TA⸣ 11 EN 16 1/2 KUŠ₃ GIN PAP 19 na | |
| 2 | [... EN] 20 1/2 KUŠ₃ LAL PAP 22 na | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] [x x x] GUB | |
| 2 | [...] [x x x x x] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.