AD -193D (X201934)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -193D |
|---|---|
| ID | X201934 |
| Museum no. | BM 35043 + 35211 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [Month X,] the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 16° [...] ... 1 1/2 cubits. The 6th, ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] overcast?, the moon was [surrounded] by a halo which was not clo[sed ...] cubits. The 7th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 8th, beginn[ing of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | 5 cubits [... α Arie]tis, the moon being [... Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [in front of η ] Tauri, the moon being 2 1/2 cubits [high] to the north? [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was [... Night of the 11th,] beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of β Tauri, the moon being 2 cu[bits low to the south ...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [Night of the 12th,] beginning of the night, the moon was behind [... Night of the 13th?, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [behind? γ Gemi]norum, the moon being 4 cubits high to the north; last part of the night, Venus was 2 cubits above [ϑ] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [Oph]iuchi ... [... The 13th, ... r]ain, a little PISAN DIB; Sirius’ acronychal rising; I did not watch. Night of the 14th, clouds [...] the sky [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [rain] DUL, the south wind blew. The 14th, ... [...;] I did not watch; beginning of the night, rain DUL. The 15th, very overcast, rain and small hailstones fell [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [Night] of the 16th, sunset to moonrise: 8° 50'; clouds, [...] clouds [... the moon was] 2 cubits behind α Leonis, the moon being 2 1/2 cubits high to the north; last part of the night, Venus was 2/3 cubit above Saturn. |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [Night of the 1]7th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind ϑ Leonis [...] the moon being 2 cubits high to the north. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of α Virginis |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [...] the moon being 3 cubits high to the north. Night of the 20th, clouds were in the sky, the sou[th wind blew ... Ni]ght of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind α Librae, the moon being 1 cubit high to the north. |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] ... [Night of the 2]2nd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of β Scorpii [...] mist and fog crossed the sky. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind α Scorpii. |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [...] ... The 23rd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, [the moon was] 1/2 cubit [... ϑ Ophiu]chi, 2 cubits below Saturn. The 24th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind which was set to the west side blew. |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon] stood 3 cubits [behind] Venus to the east, the moon being 2 1/2 cubits [low] to the south [... Mars] came close to β Scorpii. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 10°, measured. |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [... Mercury's] last appearance [in the east in Cap]ricorn; I did not ??? the 30th, all day very overcast. That month, [...] kurru; cress, 4 sūtu; sesame, 2 sūtu 4 1/2 qa; |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [...] were sold for 1 shekel of silver. At that time, Jupi[ter ...] ... [...] ... |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [... Saturn was ...] in Sagittarius; Mars was in Libra; the 15th, Mars reached Scorpius. [That] month, [...] |
| Obverse [18:20] o 19'19'– | [Month XI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ...] measured (despite) clouds?, it could be seen while (the sun) stood there, it was low to the sun [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] 2 1/2 cubits [...] α Scorpii? ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] slow rain, PISAN DIB. The 9th, cl[ouds? ...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] rain, much PISAN DIB. The 10th, clouds were in the sky, ... [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] dew. The 11th, clouds crossed the sky, slow rain PISAN [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... The 1]2th, in the morning, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] below [ε Leonis ...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... Night] of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 10° 30'; clouds, I did not watch. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 12° 20', mist [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] high to the north. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind γ Virginis ... [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [... The 1]7th, the west wind blew, cold. Night of the 18th, the west wind blew, cold [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [... Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2 1/2 cubits [in front of] β Scorpii. The 19th, the west wind blew, c[old ...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... Night of the 20th, last part of the night, Venus was] 2 cubits [below β] Capricorni. The 20th, the west wind blew, c[old ...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moo]n was 4 cubits below β Capricorni, the moo[n being ...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [... Night of the 2]5th, very overcast. The 25th, clouds [...] the sky [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [...] clouds crossed the sky. The 28th, cl[ouds? ...] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | Th[at month,] the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): barley, 1 pānu 4 sūtu? [...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [around?] the 24th, [when] Jupiter [became stationary] to the west, [...] |
| Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16' | That [month,] the river level on the 13th (and) 14th [...] |
| Reverse [16:17] r 17'17'–r 17'17' | [Month X]II?, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceeding month), sunset to moonset: 16°, ... [...] |
| Reverse [17:18] r 18'18'–r 18'18' | [...] ... Mercury’s [first appearance] in the west in Pisces[...] |
| Reverse [18:19] r 19'19'–r 19'19' | [...] ... Night of the 4th, the moon was behind [...] |
| Reverse [19:20] r 20'20'–r 20'20' | [...] gusty south wind. The 5th, clouds [...] |
| Reverse [20:21] r 21'21'–r 21'21' | [...] ... last part of the night, Venus [...] |
| Reverse [21:22] r 22'22'–r 22'22' | [...] last part of the night, [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | {[itu}AB] 1 16 na-⸢su⸣ [...] ⸢x⸣ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 6 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [x x] ŠU₂ sin TUR₃ NU ⸢KAD₂⸣ [NIGIN ...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 7 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 8 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆ sin x] | |
| 4' | [MUL₂-ar₂]-[ša₂-SAG]-⸢HUN⸣ 5 KUŠ₃ sin [... GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI] ⸢MUL₂⸣.MUL₂ 2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI [NIM ...] | |
| 5' | [x x] GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin [... GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 ⸢KUŠ₃ sin⸣ 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [ana ULU₃ SIG ...] | |
| 6' | [GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ [... GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂]-SIPA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 4 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e | |
| 7' | [MUL₂-KUR-ša₂]-⸢KIR₄⸣-šil-tah-PA 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [... 13 ...] ⸢AN⸣ PISAN i-ṣa DIB {mul₂}KAK.BAN ana ME E-a NU PAP GE₆ 14 DIR ⸢AN⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [AN] DUL-hat ULU₃ GIN 14 ⸢x⸣ [...] NU PAP SAG GE₆ AN DUL-hat 15 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN u NA₄ TUR ŠUR-⸢nun⸣ [x] | |
| 9' | [GE₆] 16 8.50 GE₆ DIR [x] DIR [... sin ...] ar₂ LUGAL 2 KUŠ₃ sin 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e GENNA 2/3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 10' | [GE₆] 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ GIŠ.KUN-A 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN | |
| 11' | [x] ⸢x⸣ sin 3 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM GE₆ 20 DIR AN ZA ⸢ULU₃⸣ [GIN ...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [GE₆] 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB [N N ...] ⸢a⸣-kam u IM.DUGUD AN DIB GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SI₄ 2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 13' | [...] ⸢x⸣ 23 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ [sin x MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-šil-tah]-⸢PA⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ SIG GENNA 2 KUŠ₃ 24 DIR AN ZA SI ša₂ PA MAR ⸢GAR GIN⸣ | |
| 14' | [GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂] ⸢dele⸣-bat 3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB sin 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢ULU₃⸣ [SIG ... AN] ⸢MUL₂⸣-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB TE 27 10 UŠ KUR muš | |
| 15' | [... GU₄.UD ina NIM ina] ⸢MAŠ₂⸣ ŠU₂ NU PAP 30 kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ITU ⸢BI⸣ [...] GUR sah-le₁₀ 4(BAN₂) ⸢ŠE.GIŠ.I₃⸣ 2(BAN₂) 4 1/2 qa | |
| 16' | [...] a-na 1 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR ep-šu₂ i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.⸢BABBAR⸣ [...] ⸢x x x⸣ [x x] ⸢x x x⸣ | |
| 17' | [... GENNA ...] ⸢ina⸣ PA AN ina RIN₂ 15 AN GIR₂.TAB KUR-ad₂ ⸢ITU⸣ [BI ...] | |
| 18' | [...] | |
| 19' | [ZIZ₂ 1 ...] ⸢DIR muš ina GUB⸣ IGI ana šamaš₂ ⸢SIG⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] SI₄ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ [x] [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ ne₂-hi PISAN DIB 9 ⸢DIR⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ PISAN MAH DIB 10 DIR AN ZA ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 4' | [...] na-al-šu₂ 11 DIR AN DIB AN ne₂-hi PISAN [...] | |
| 5' | [...] 12 ina še-ri₃ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin SIG [SAG-A N N ...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆] 14 10.30 ME DIR NU PAP 14 12.20 na a-⸢kam₂⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [... ana] ⸢SI⸣ NIM GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] 17 MAR GIN ŠED₇ GE₆ 18 MAR GIN ŠED₇ [...] | |
| 9' | [... GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂]-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 19 MAR GIN ⸢ŠED₇⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [... GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG SI]-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 20 MAR GIN ⸢ŠED₇⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂] ⸢sin⸣ SIG SI-MAŠ₂ 4 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [... GE₆] 25 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 25 DIR ⸢AN⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] DIR AN DIB 28 ⸢DIR⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [ITU] ⸢BI⸣ KI.LAM še-im 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) [...] | |
| 15' | [in] ⸢EN⸣ 24 MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠU₂ ⸢ki⸣ [UŠ-a ...] | |
| 16' | [ITU] BI ILLU 13 14 [...] | |
| 17' | {[itu]}⸢ŠE⸣ 30 16 na-su ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 18' | [x x] GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina zib{me} [IGI ...] | |
| 19' | [x x] DIB GE₆ 4 sin ar₂ [...] | |
| 20' | [x x] ⸢ULU₃⸣ ŠAR₂ 5 DIR [...] | |
| 21' | [x x] ⸢x x⸣ ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat [...] | |
| 22' | [...] ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 23' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.