AD -191A (X201911)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
Open in the reader & map →See it among all tablets
| Designation | AD -191A |
|---|---|
| ID | X201911 |
| Museum no. | BM 45852 + 46079 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] 1'1'–1'1' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night,] the moon was 2 cubits behind γ Geminorum, ... [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] 2'2'–2'2' | [...] ... The 28th, moonrise to sunrise: 13° 30', measured ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:4] 3'3'–4'4' | [... the 2]5th?, Jupiter’s last appearance in Leo; Venus was in Gemini; around the 22nd, Mercury’s [first appearance] in the [east in Cancer ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] 4'4'–4'4' | [Month V, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... Night of the 2nd, the moon was] 1 cubit [below γ ] Virginis, the moon being 1/2 cubit back to the west. Night of the 3rd, the moon was [...] above α Virgi[nis ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] 5'5'–5'5' | [... Night of the 7th, beginning] of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of ϑ Ophiuchi. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] 6'6'–6'6' | [... Night] of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 20', measured. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 2°, measured. Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: 8°, mea[sured ...] |
| Obverse [6:7] 7'7'–7'7' | [... Night of the 19th, last part of the] night, the moon was 2/3? cubit in front of α Tauri; last part of the night, Venus was [...] below δ Cancri [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] 8'8'–8'8' | [...] Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 4 cubits above γ Geminorum, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] 9'9'–9'9' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was ... below ε Leonis,] the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon wwas 1 cubit above α Leonis. Night of the 27th, last? [part of the night?, ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] 10'10'–10'10' | [... bar]ley, 3 pānu 2 sūtu; dates, 3 pānu 5 sūtu; mustard, [...]; cress, 1 pānu 3 sūtu; sesame, 3 sūtu 3 qa; wool, [...] |
| Obverse [10:12] 11'11'–12'12' | [... Mars, which had set, was n]ot visible. That month, the river level until the end of the month: 35 was the na na-gauge. |
| Obverse [11:12] 12'12'–12'12' | [Month VI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... Ni]ght of the 2nd, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits below α Librae, the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 3rd, beginning of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] 13'13'–13'13' | [... Night] of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of β Capricorni. The 7th, Mars’ first appearance in the end of Leo; it was small, rising of Mars to sunrise: 15°? [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] 14'14'–14'14' | [... Night] of the 13th, sunset to moonrise: 50', measured. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 10°, measured. Night of the 1[4th, ...] |
| Obverse [14:15] 15'15'–15'15' | [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was] 3 cubits above α Tauri, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 1[8th, ...] |
| Obverse [15:16] 16'16'–16'16' | [... Night of the 22nd, last part of the] night, the moon was 2 cubits behind δ Cancri; last part of the night, [Venu]s? [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] 17'17'–17'17' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was ... in front of β Virginis,] 1 cubit above Jupiter, it stood 1 cubit behind Venus to the east. Night of the 26th?, [...] |
| Obverse [17:19] 18'18'–19'19' | [... bar]ley, 3 pānu 2 sūtu; dates, 4 pānu; mustard, 3? kurru; cress, 1 pānu 3 sūtu; sesame, 3 sūtu?; wool, [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] 19'19'–19'19' | [Month VII, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), ... Mars was] 1 cubit [below] γ Virginis. Night of the 2nd, last part of the night, Venus was 1 finger above β Virginis, Venus having passed 3 fingers [to the east ...] |
| Obverse [19:20] 20'20'–20'20' | [...] Night of the 12th, moonrise to sunset: [nn°], measured; last part of the night, Venus was 1? cubit above γ Virginis. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 30', measured [...] |
| Obverse [20:21] 21'21'–21'21' | [...] the moon being 1/2 cubit back to the west. Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits below β Tauri, the moon having passed a little to the east ... [...] |
| Obverse [21:22] 22'22'–22'22' | [... in the after]noon, clouds [...] the sky. [Night] of the 19th, last part of the night,] the moon was 1 1/2 cubits [...] β Geminorum. The 19th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 20th, clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [22:23] 23'23'–23'23' | [...] ... [...] Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Leonis; last part of the night, Jupiter was 6 [fingers] above β Virginis [...] |
| Obverse [23:24] 24'24'–24'24' | [... Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2 [cubits ...] β Virginis, it stood 2 cubits [behind Jupi]ter to the east. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind γ Virginis; last? part of the [night?, ...] |
| Obverse [24:25] 25'25'–25'25' | [... Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon] stood [nn] cubits [in front of Venus] to the west, it stood [...] in front of Ma[rs to the] west. Night of the 27th, overcast; last part of the night, Venus ??? fingers? above [Mars]. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 20° 10'; cl[ouds ...] |
| Obverse [25:27] 26'26'–27'27' | [...] sesame, 5 sūtu; wool, 3 [minas.] At that time, Jupiter was in Leo, at the end of the month, in Virgo; Venus was in Virgo, at the end of the month, in Libra; Saturn was in Sagittarius [...] |
| Obverse [26:27] 27'27'–27'27' | [Month VIII, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... ea]rthshine, measured; it could be seen while the sun stood there; the m[oon] stood 1 1/2 cubits in front of Saturn to the west. Night of the 3rd (and) the 3rd, very overcast. Night of the 4th (and) the 4th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 5th, clouds were in the sky; ... [...] |
| Obverse [27:28] 28'28'–28'28' | [... Night] of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits in front of β Arietis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east; clouds were in the sky, the moon was surrounded by a halo. Night of the 11th, last part of the night, ... [...] |
| Obverse [28:29] 29'29'–29'29' | [...] clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon was [nn] cubits in front of [β/ζ] Tauri. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 6°, measured. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 30', measured (despite) mist. Night of the 15th?, [...] |
| Obverse [29:30] 30'30'–30'30' | [... cl]ouds crossed the sky. The 17th, clouds were in the sky. Night [of the 18th, clouds were in the] sky, the moon was surrounded by a halo. The 18th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 19th, clouds crossed the sky [...] |
| Obverse [30:31] 31'31'–31'31' | [... in the after]noon?, very overcast, rain shower. Night of the 2[2nd, ... rain D]UL. The 22nd, very overcast, rain shower. Night of the 20+[xth, ...] |
| Obverse [31:32] 32'32'–32'32' | [...] crossed?, rain shower; last part of the night, Venus was [...] above β Scorpii; last part of the night, Mercu]ry was 3 cubits above α Scorpii. The 26th, [...] |
| Obverse [32:33] 33'33'–33'33' | [...] crossed, lightning flashed, thunder, rain shower [...] the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): bar]ley, 2 pānu 5 sūtu; dates, 1 kurru [...] |
| Obverse [33:34] 34'34'–34'34' | [...] ... around the 22nd?, Saturn’s last appearance in Sagittarius [...] That month, ... [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| 1' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂] sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2 KUŠ₃ x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢DIB⸣ 28 13.30 KUR muš [x x] [...] | |
| 3' | [...] 25 MUL₂.BABBAR ina A ŠU₂ dele-bat ina MAŠ.MAŠ in 22 GU₄.⸢UD⸣ ina [NIM ina ALLA IGI ...] | |
| 4' | {[(itu)}NE 1 ... GE₆ 2 sin SIG DELE-ša₂]-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL GE₆ 3 sin e SA₄-ša₂-[ABSIN N N ...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 7 SAG] GE₆ sin ina IGI ⸢MUL₂⸣-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆] 13 20 NINDA ME muš 13 2 na muš GE₆ 14 8 GE₆ ⸢muš⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 19 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ina IGI ⸢is-le₁₀⸣ 2/3 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-⸢ULU₃⸣ [N N ...] | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 4 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ [...] | |
| 9' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG SAG-A N N] sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB GE₆ 26 ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ sin e LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 27 ⸢ina ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [... še]-im 3(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ZU₂ 3(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) kas₃ [x x] sah-le₁₀ 1(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ 3(BAN₂) 3 qa SIG₂{[hi.a} ...] | |
| 11' | [... AN ša₂ ŠU₂-u₂] ⸢NU⸣ IGI ⸢ITU⸣ BI ILLU EN TIL ITU 35 na | |
| 12' | {[(itu)}KIN 1 ...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 2 sin SIG RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB GE₆ 3 SAG GE₆ [...] | |
| 13' | [... GE₆] 7 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI SI-MAŠ₂ 3 KUŠ₃ 7 AN ina TIL A IGI TUR 15 na-su⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [... GE₆] 13 50 NINDA GE₆ muš 13 10 UŠ na muš GE₆ 14 [...] | |
| 15' | [... GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin] e is-le₁₀ 3 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 18 [...] | |
| 16' | [... GE₆ 22 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ [dele]-⸢bat⸣ [...] | |
| 17' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A N N] e MUL₂.BABBAR 1 KUŠ₃ ar₂ dele-bat 1 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB ⸢GE₆ 26 [...] | |
| 18' | [... še]-⸢im⸣ 3(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ZU₂ 4(BARIG) PI kas₃ 3(GUR) GUR sah-le₁₀ 1(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ 3(BAN₂) SIG₂[...] | |
| 19' | {[(itu)}DU₆ 30 ... AN SIG] ⸢DELE⸣-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 2 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢dele-bat⸣ e GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 1 SI dele-bat 3 SI ana [NIM] ⸢DIB⸣ [...] | |
| 20' | [...] GE₆ 12 [N] ME muš ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e DELE-ša₂-⸢IGI-ABSIN⸣ 1 KUŠ₃ 13 30 NINDA na ⸢muš⸣ [...] | |
| 21' | [...] sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 22' | [... ina] ⸢KIN⸣.SIG DIR AN [x GE₆] 19 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [x MAŠ].MAŠ-ar₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 19 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 20 DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 23' | [...] ⸢x x x x⸣ [x x] GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ LUGAL 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ina ZALAG₂ MUL₂.BABBAR e GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 6 [SI ...] | |
| 24' | [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂] ⸢GIR₃⸣-ar₂-ša₂-A 2 [KUŠ₃ ar₂ MUL₂].⸢BABBAR⸣ 2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [...] | |
| 25' | [... GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin x dele-bat N] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ ana ŠU₂ GUB ina IGI ⸢AN⸣ [N N ana] ŠU₂ GUB GE₆ 27 ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e [AN] 4 SI 27 20.10 KUR ⸢DIR⸣ [...] | |
| 26' | [...] ⸢ŠE⸣.GIŠ.I₃ 5(BAN₂) SIG₂{hi.a} 3 [MA.NA] i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina ⸢A⸣ ina TIL ITU ina ABSIN ⸢dele-bat ina ABSIN⸣ ina TIL ITU ina RIN₂ GENNA ina ⸢PA⸣ [...] | |
| 27' | {[(itu)}APIN 1 ...] ⸢AGA⸣ a-pir muš ina GUB IGI ⸢sin⸣ [ina] IGI GENA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB GE₆ 3 3 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 4 4 ⸢DIR AN ZA⸣ GE₆ 5 DIR AN ZA [x x ...] | |
| 28' | [... GE₆] 10 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-[SAG]-⸢HUN⸣ 3 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB DIR AN ZA sin TUR₃ NIGIN GE₆ 11 ina ZALAG₂ [x] [...] | |
| 29' | [...] DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-[ša₂-x N] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 13 6 na muš GE₆ 14 30 NINDA ME a-kam₂ muš GE₆ 15 [...] | |
| 30' | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN DIB 17 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 18 DIR AN] ZA sin TUR₃ NIGIN 18 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 19 DIR AN DIB [...] | |
| 31' | [... ina] ⸢KIN⸣.SIG ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH GE₆ 22 [x x x x AN] ⸢DUL⸣-hat 22 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH GE₆ 20+[x ...] | |
| 32' | [...] DIB AN UTAH ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e MUL₂-⸢e⸣-[ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB N N ina ZALAG₂ GU₄].⸢UD⸣ e SI₄ 3 KUŠ₃ 26 [...] | |
| 33' | [...] DIB GIR₂ GIR₂ GU₃ U AN UTAH [... KI.LAM še]-im 2(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ZU₂ 1(GUR) GUR [...] | |
| 34' | [...] ⸢x⸣ in 22 GENNA ina PA ŠU₂ [...] ITU BI ⸢x⸣ [...] |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.