AD -182C (X201823)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -182C |
|---|---|
| ID | X201823 |
| Museum no. | BM 45722 + 55549 + 78825 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart2 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | Year 129, month XI, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 14° 20'; clouds, I did not watch. Night of the 1st, very overcast. The 1st, clouds [...] the sky, |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | the cold became severe. Night of the 2nd, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew, the cold became severe [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | cold. Around the 4th, when Jupiter became stationary to the west, it became stationary 4 fingers in front of β Tauri, 2 1/2 cubits |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | low to the south; the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 5th, the moon was 1 cubit behind η Piscium, the moon being 1 cubit |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | low to the south, it stood 2 cubits behind Saturn to the east, the moon being 1 cubit high to the north. The 5th, the cold became severe. |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | Night of the 6th, the moon was 2 cubits behind α Arietis, the moon being 5 cubits low to the south; all night very overcast. The 6th, all day |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | clouds crossed the sky, slow rain (but) the sandal was not removed, the south wind blew. Night of the 7th, clouds crossed the sky; first part of the night, slow rain, |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | a little PISAN DIB. The 7th, clouds crossed the sky, the north wind which was set to the west side blew, the cold became severe. Night of the 8th, |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | very overcast, the north wind blew, cold. The 8th, very overcast, the north wind blew. Night of the 9th, the moon was 3 1/2 cubits below β Tauri, the moon being 1/2 [cubit] back to the west, |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | 1 cubit below Jupiter, the moon being 8 fingers back to the west; [last part of the night,] Mercury was 2 cubits below β Capricorni. The 9th, ... [...] cold. |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | Night of the 10th, the moon was 1 1/2 cubit below η Geminorum, the moon being 1/2 cubit back to the west. The 10th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind bl[ew ... Night of the 11th,] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | the moon was 2 cubits behind γ Geminorum, the moon being 1 cubit high to the north. The 11th, the north wind blew, the cold became se[vere ...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | Night of the 12th, the moon was 4 cubits below β Geminorum. The 12th, clouds were in the sky, the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 13th, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of δ |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | Cancri, the moon being 1 1/2 cubits low to the south. The 13th, in the afternoon, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 14th, clouds crossed the sky, |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | slow rain, a little PISAN DIB. Night of the 15th, moonrise to sunset: 7° 10'; clouds, I did not watch; first part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits below α Leonis, the moon having passed a little to the east; |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | clouds were in the sky. The 15th, moonset to sunrise: 2°; the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 16th, sunset to moonrise: 7°; measured (despite) mist and fog; first part of the night |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | [first part of the] night, Jupiter was 2 1/2 cubits below β Tauri; all [night] clouds were in the sky; first part of the night, the moon was surrounded by a halo, |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | Mars stood [inside?] the halo; last part of the night, the moon was [x]+1/2 cubits in front [of β Virginis], it stood 3 x in front of Mars to the west, the moon being ... [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [...] last part of the night, ... [...] 1/2 cubit?. The 16th, sunrise to moonset: 12° 10'; measured (despite) clouds [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 2020 | [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night,] the moon was 2 [mm] behind γ Virginis [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1r 1–r 1r 1 | [Night] of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was 3? cubits above α Scorpii, the moon having passed a little to the east. Ni[ght of the 2]3rd, last part of the night, the m[oon ..., the moon being] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 22–r 22 | [nn] cubits high to the north. The 23rd, the north wind blew, cold. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, clouds were in the sky. The 24th, in [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 33–r 33 | slow rain, a little PISAN DIB. Night of the 25th, clouds [...] the sky, slow [rain], heavy PISAN DIB. The 25th, cl[ouds ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 44–r 44 | dew; around noon, very overcast. Night of the 26th, [last part of the night, the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [behind] β Capricorni, it stood 1/2 cubit behind Venus to the east?, |
| Reverse [4:5] r 55–r 55 | the moon being 6 fingers low to the south. The 26th, clouds were in the sky. Ni[ght of the 27th], last part of the night, the moon stood 2 1/2 cubits in front of Mercury to the west, the moon being |
| Reverse [5:6] r 66–r 66 | 2 1/2 cubits high to the north. The 27th, clouds were in the sky. The 28th, [moonrise to sun]rise: [nn°], measured; <rising> of Mercury <to sunrise>: 16°. The 29th, clouds were in the sky. |
| Reverse [6:7] r 77–r 77 | The 30th, clouds were in the sky. That month, the equivalent was: barley, [x ku]r 4 sūtu; dates, 1 kurru 4 pānu 1 sūtu; mustard, 1 kurru 1 pānu 4 sūtu; |
| Reverse [7:8] r 88–r 88 | cress, 2 pānu; sesame, 3 sūtu 3 qa; [woo]l, 4 minas(!) were sold for 1 shekel of silver. |
| Reverse [8:9] r 99–r 99 | At that time, Jupiter was in Taurus; Venus was [in ...; Mercury was in Capricorn; Sa[turn? ...; Mars was in Vir]go; the 18th, Mars reached Leo; |
| Reverse [9:10] r 1010–r 1010 | the 24th, Mercury reached <Aquarius>. That month, [...] ... [...] ... 5 was the na na-gauge; |
| Reverse [10:11] r 1111–r 1111 | from the 24th to the end of the mo[nth, ... x]+1 was the na na-gauge. That month, work on the terrace |
| Reverse [11:13] r 1212–r 1313 | and the building of ... of Esangil was done. |
| Reverse [12:13] r 1313–r 1313 | Month XII, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 21°; it was bright, earthshine, measured; it could be seen while the sun stood there; clouds were in the sky. The 1st, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 2nd, clouds were in the sky. |
| Reverse [13:14] r 1414–r 1414 | The 2nd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 3rd, the moon was 4 cubits below α Arietis, the moon having passed a little to the east. |
| Reverse [14:15] r 1515–r 1515 | [...] clouds were in the sky. The 3rd, in the morning, clouds and fog covered the sky; all day clouds were in the sky. |
| Reverse [15:16] r 1616–r 1616 | Night of the 4th, the moon was 3 cubits in front of η Tauri, the moon being 2 cubits low to the south; last part of the night, overcast. The 4th, all day very overcast; in the after[noon,] |
| Reverse [16:17] r 1717–r 1717 | slow rain (but) the sandal was not removed. Night of the 5th, the moon was 3 cubits in front of α Tauri; all night very overcast, dew. |
| Reverse [17:18] r 1818–r 1818 | The 5th, very overcast; in the morning, dew. Night of the 6th, the moon was 3 cubits in front of β Tauri, the moon being 3 1/2 cubits low to the south, it stood 3 5/6 cubits in front of Jupiter |
| Reverse [18:20] r 1919– | to the west; all night very overcast. The 6th, in the morning, clouds crossed the sky, slow rain (but) the sandal was not removed; all day clouds [...] the sky. |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | Night of the 7th, very overcast, clouds were in the sky. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | MU 1 ME 29.KAM₂ {itu}ZIZ₂ 30 14.20 na-su DIR NU PAP GE₆ 1 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 1 DIR ⸢AN⸣ [x] | |
| 2 | ŠED₇ ik-te-šir GE₆ 2 DIR AN ZA SI GIN ŠED₇ ik-te-⸢šir⸣ 2 | |
| 3 | ŠED₇ in EN 4 MUL₂.BABBAR ana ŠU₂ ki UŠ-a 4 SI ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ | |
| 4 | ana ULU₃ SIG UŠ SI GIN ŠED₇ GE₆ 5 sin ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1 KUŠ₃ | |
| 5 | ana ULU₃ SIG ar₂ GENNA 2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 5 ŠED₇ ik-te-šir | |
| 6 | GE₆ 6 sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 2 KUŠ₃ sin 5 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 6 kal ME | |
| 7 | DIR AN ⸢DIB⸣ AN ne₂-hi {kuš}E.SIR₂ NU TUH ULU₃ GIN GE₆ 7 DIR AN DIB USAN AN ne₂-hi | |
| 8 | PISAN i-ṣa ⸢DIB 7 DIR AN DIB SI ša₂ kap MAR GAR GIN ŠED₇ ik-te-šir GE₆ 8 | |
| 9 | ŠU₂.ŠU₂ SI GIN ŠED₇ 8 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ⸢SI⸣ GIN GE₆ 9 sin SIG ŠUR-SI 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 [KUŠ₃] ⸢ana ŠU₂⸣ LAL | |
| 10 | SIG MUL₂.BABBAR 1 KUŠ₃ sin 8 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL [ina ZALAG₂] ⸢GU₄⸣.UD SIG SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 9 ⸢x⸣ [...] ŠED₇ | |
| 11 | GE₆ 10 sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL 10 DIR AN ZA⸣ SI ⸢GIN⸣ [x x GE₆ 11 | |
| 12 | sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA 2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 11 SI GIN ŠED₇ ik-⸢te⸣-[šir] | |
| 13 | GE₆ 12 sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 4 KUŠ₃ 12 DIR AN ZA SI GIN ŠED₇ GE₆ 13 sin ina IGI | |
| 14 | ⸢MUL₂-ar₂⸣-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG 13 ina KIN.SIG DIR AN ZA GE₆ 14 DIR AN DIB | |
| 15 | ⸢AN⸣ ne₂-hi PISAN i-ṣa DIB GE₆ 15 7.10 ⸢ME⸣ DIR NU PAP USAN sin SIG LUGAL 2 KUŠ₃ sin ⸢i-ṣa ana NIM⸣ DIB | |
| 16 | ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA 15 2 ŠU₂ SI GIN ⸢ŠED₇⸣ GE₆ 16 7 GE₆ a-kam u IM.DUGUD muš USAN | |
| 17 | ⸢USAN⸣ MUL₂.BABBAR SIG ŠUR-SI 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ kal [GE₆] ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA USAN U₄.ZAL.LA sin TUR₃ NIGIN | |
| 18 | [x x] TUR₃ AN GUB ina ZALAG₂ sin ina ⸢IGI⸣ [GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A x]+1/2 KUŠ₃ ina IGI AN 3 [x] ana ŠU₂ GUB sin x [...] | |
| 19 | [x x] ina ZALAG₂ ⸢x x x⸣ [...] 1/2 KUŠ₃ 16 12.10 na DIR ⸢muš⸣ [...] | |
| 20 | [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂] sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 2 [...] | |
| 21 | [...] [...] | |
| b.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] [x x x x x] [...] | |
| 2 | [...] [x x x x x x] [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1 | [GE₆] 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin e SI₄ 3 KUŠ₃ sin ⸢i-ṣa⸣ ana NIM ⸢DIB GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [... sin] | |
| 2 | [N] KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 23 SI GIN ⸢ŠED₇ GE₆⸣ 24 ina ZALAG₂ DIR AN ZA 24 ina [x x] | |
| 3 | ⸢AN⸣ ne₂-hi PISAN i-ṣa DIB GE₆ 25 DIR ⸢AN⸣ [x AN] ⸢ne₂⸣-hi PISAN KALAG DIB 25 ⸢DIR⸣ [x x] | |
| 4 | AN na-al-šu₂ AN.BAR₇ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 26 [ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂] SI-MAŠ₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ar₂ dele-bat 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB | |
| 5 | sin 6 SI ana ULU₃ SIG 26 DIR AN ZA ⸢GE₆⸣ 27 ina] ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GU₄.UD 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB sin | |
| 6 | 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI NIM 27 DIR AN ZA 28 [N] ⸢KUR⸣ muš 16 <na> GU₄.UD 29 DIR AN ZA | |
| 7 | 30 DIR AN ZA ITU BI KI.LAM še-im [x] ⸢GUR⸣ 4(BAN₂) ZU₂ 1(GUR) GUR 4(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) kas₃ 1(GUR) GUR 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) | |
| 8 | sah-le₁₀ 2(BARIG) PI ŠE.GIŠ.I₃ 3(BAN₂) 3 ⸢qa⸣ [SIG₂{hi].a} 4 KUŠ₃ a-na 1 GIN₂ KU₃.BABBAR ep-šu₂ | |
| 9 | i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina MUL₂.MUL₂ dele-bat [ina ...] ⸢MAŠ₂ GENNA⸣ [... AN ina] ⸢ABSIN⸣ 18 AN A ⸢KUR-ad₂⸣ | |
| 10 | 24 GU₄.UD <GU> KUR-ad₂ ITU ⸢BI⸣ [...] [x] [...] ⸢x x⸣ 5 na | |
| 11 | TA 24 EN TIL ⸢ITU⸣ [... x]+1 ⸢na ITU⸣ BI dul-lu ša₂ tam-lu-u₂ | |
| 12 | u e-pe-šu₂ ša₂ [x x] E₂.⸢SAG.GIL₂⸣ i-ne₂-ep-pu-uš | |
| 13 | ŠE 1 21 na-su KUR₄ a-pir muš ina GUB IGI DIR AN ZA 1 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 2 DIR AN ZA | |
| 14 | 2 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 3 sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN 4 KUŠ₃ sin i-ṣa ana NIM DIB | |
| 15 | [x] DIR AN ZA 3 ina še-ri₃ DIR u IM.DUGUD AN-e ŠU₂{meš} kal ME DIR AN ⸢ZA⸣ | |
| 16 | GE₆ 4 sin ina IGI MUL₂.MUL₂ 3 KUŠ₃ sin 2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG ina ZALAG₂ ŠU₂ 4 kal ME ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina KIN.[SIG] | |
| 17 | AN ne₂-hi {kuš}E.SIR₂ NU TUH GE₆ 5 sin ina IGI is-le₁₀ 3 KUŠ₃ kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN na-al-šu₂ | |
| 18 | 5 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina še-ri₃ AN na-al-šu₂ GE₆ 6 sin ina IGI ŠUR-SI 3 KUŠ₃ sin 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ULU₃ SIG ina IGI MUL₂.BABBAR | |
| 19 | 3 5/6 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB kal GE₆ ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 6 ina še-ri₃ DIR AN DIB AN ne₂-hi {kuš}E.SIR₂ NU TUH kal ME DIR AN [x] | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | GE₆ 7 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 7 DIR AN ZA | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.