AD -651 (X106510)
Astronomical Diary, Neo-Assyrian, Babylon · c. 911 BCE–612 BCE
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| Designation | AD -651 |
|---|---|
| ID | X106510 |
| Museum no. | BM 32312 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Neo-Assyrian · c. 911 BCE–612 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Top [0:3] t.e. 1t.e. 1– | [At the command of ...] Bēl? may it be well. |
| Obverse Column i [0:1] o i 1o i 1–o i 1o i 1 | [Month I, ...,] the moon became visible in a cloud; it was bright? and high. |
| Obverse Column i [1:2] o i 22–o i 22 | [Beginning] of the night, overcast. Night of the 1st, the river level rose. The 1st, the sun was surrounded by a halo. Night |
| Obverse Column i [2:3] o i 33–o i 33 | of the 2nd, (and) the 2nd, overcast. The south wind blew. The 3rd, very overcast. In the afternoon it rained. |
| Obverse Column i [3:4] o i 44–o i 44 | Night of the 4th, it rained. The 6th, middle part of the day, the sun was surrounded by a halo. |
| Obverse Column i [4:5] o i 55–o i 55 | It was split towards the east. The 7th, the moon was surrounded by a halo. The river level rose. |
| Obverse Column i [5:6] o i 66–o i 66 | Night of the 12th, overcast. The 12th, the 13th, the 14th, overcast. The 14th, one god was seen with the other. |
| Obverse Column i [6:7] o i 77–o i 77 | The river level receded. Mercury’s last appearance in the east behind Pisces, |
| Obverse Column i [7:8] o i 88–o i 88 | and Saturn’s last appearance behind Pisces, I did not watch because the days were overcast. |
| Obverse Column i [8:9] o i 99–o i 99 | The 17th, in the morning, overcast. Thunder, gusty south wind, rain, small (hail)stones. |
| Obverse Column i [9:10] o i 1010–o i 1010 | Mars became stationary in the area of the Lip of the Scorpion, it came close to the bright star |
| Obverse Column i [10:11] o i 1111–o i 1111 | of the Scorpion’s head. From the 22nd to the 24th, [...] |
| Obverse Column i [11:12] o i 1212–o i 1212 | The 25th, Mars was east of the star to the right of the Scorpion [...] |
| Obverse Column i [12:13] o i 1313–o i 1313 | The river level rose. Night of the 20th, overcast. Lightning, thun[der, ...] |
| Obverse Column i [13:14] o i 1414–o i 1414 | a little [...], strong wind. Night of the 21st, rain [...] |
| Obverse Column i [14:15] o i 1515–o i 1515 | A little rain, lightning flashed, the south wind [...] |
| Obverse Column i [15:16] o i 1616–o i 1616 | 2 cubits in front of the Scales. ... [...] |
| Obverse Column i [16:17] o i 1717–o i 1717 | to the right of the Scorpion 1? [...] |
| Obverse Column i [17:18] o i 1818–o i 1818 | ... The sun set in a cloud. ... [...] |
| Obverse Column i [18:19] o i 1919–o i 1919 | It rained slowly, the south wind [...] |
| Obverse Column i [19:22] o i 2020– | [...] ... night [...] |
| Obverse Column ii [0:1] o ii 1o ii 1–o ii 1o ii 1 | The north wind blew. The 15th, rain? ... [...] |
| Obverse Column ii [1:2] o ii 22–o ii 22 | first appearance in the Old Man. The river level [...] |
| Obverse Column ii [2:3] o ii 33–o ii 33 | was placed towards the south. Obscuration? ... [...] |
| Obverse Column ii [3:4] o ii 44–o ii 44 | first part of the night, [...] |
| Reverse Column iii [0:1] r iii 1'r iii 1'–r iii 1'r iii 1' | of ... [...] |
| Reverse Column iii [1:2] r iii 2'2'–r iii 2'2' | in the after[noon ...] |
| Reverse Column iii [3:4] r iii 4'4'–r iii 4'4' | The north wind blew. Lunar eclipse ... [...] |
| Reverse Column iii [4:5] r iii 5'5'–r iii 5'5' | The 20th?, the moon was surrounded by a halo, (and) Mercury [stood] in i[t ...] |
| Reverse Column iii [5:7] r iii 6'6'– | strong wind. The 21st, ... [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [0:1] r iv 1'r iv 1'–r iv 1'r iv 1' | [...] the star of [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [1:2] r iv 2'2'–r iv 2'2' | [...] ... right? of the moon [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [4:5] r iv 5'5'–r iv 5'5' | [...] ... right of the moon? ... [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [5:6] r iv 6'6'–r iv 6'6' | [...] ... thunder, [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [6:7] r iv 7'7'–r iv 7'7' | ... The 5th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Pisces. [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [7:8] r iv 8'8'–r iv 8'8' | ... towards the south [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [8:9] r iv 9'9'–r iv 9'9' | ... It rained slowly. The 12th, a halo ... The river level rose [...] |
| Reverse Column iv [9:10] r iv 10'10'–r iv 10'10' | The troops of Babylonia fought against the troops of Assyria; the troops ...[...] |
| Reverse Column iv [10:11] r iv 11'11'–r iv 11'11' | The 13th, the river level rose a little. The 14th, a cloud bank lay to the right of the sun. Night of the 15th, overcast. Three ra[inbows,] |
| Reverse Column iv [11:12] r iv 12'12'–r iv 12'12' | one in the west, one between north and west, and one in the north, were seen. Rain, lightning, thunder, ... |
| Reverse Column iv [12:13] r iv 13'13'–r iv 13'13' | clouds?. The 15th, one god was seen with the other. Gusty south wind, ... seized the face of the sky. Night of the 16th, the moon was surrounded by a large halo. |
| Reverse Column iv [13:14] r iv 14'14'–r iv 14'14' | The 16th, the sun was surrounded by a halo. The 18th, the sun was surrounded by a halo; all day the south wind blew. The 19th, Venus |
| Reverse Column iv [14:15] r iv 15'15'–r iv 15'15' | stood in the region of Aries, 10 fingers behind Mars; the moon was surrounded by a halo, and α Scorpii stood in it. The 20th, Mars was 1 finger to the left |
| Reverse Column iv [15:16] r iv 16'16'–r iv 16'16' | of the front? of Aries; it came close. The moon was surrounded by a halo, Jupiter stood in it. The south wind blew. |
| Reverse Column iv [16:17] r iv 17'17'–r iv 17'17' | [...] ... The 27th, a rainbow whose brightness was very great stretched in the east. |
| Reverse Column iv [17:18] r iv 18'18'–r iv 18'18' | [... in] Hiritu in the region of Sippar the troops of Babylonia and of Assyria |
| Reverse Column iv [18:19] r iv 19'19'–r iv 19'19' | fou[ght with each] other, and the troops of Babylonia turned to flight and were heavily defeated. |
| Reverse Column iv [19:20] r iv 20'20'–r iv 20'20' | [... The no]rth wind blew. The 28th, a little rain. In the afternoon, a very red? rainbow stretched in the east. |
| Reverse Column iv [20:21] r iv 21'21'–r iv 21'21' | [...] The 29th, the river level rose a little. A rain shower fell. That year little rain ... [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | [x x x] EN liš-lim | |
| o i | ||
| 1 | [x x x] sin ina DIR IGI-mar GUR NIM-a | |
| 2 | ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ ŠU₂ GE₆ 1 ILLU GIN 1 šamaš₂ TUR₃ NIGIN₂ GE₆ | |
| 3 | 2 2 ŠU₂-up ULU₃ GIN 3 ma-diš ŠU₂ ina KIN.SIG ⸢ŠEG₃⸣ ŠUR | |
| 4 | GE₆ 4 4 ŠEG₃ ŠUR 6 AN.BAR₇ šamaš₂ TUR₃ NIGIN₂ | |
| 5 | ana KUR TAR-is 7 sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ ILLU GIN-kam₂ | |
| 6 | GE₆ 12 ŠU₂-up 12 13 14 ŠU₂ 14 DINGIR KI DINGIR <x> IGI | |
| 7 | ILLU LAL-is GU₄.UD ina NIM ar₂ {MULₓ(ab₂)}KUN{me} ŠU₂ | |
| 8 | u₃ SAG.UŠ ar₂ {MULₓ(ab₂)}KUN{me} ŠU₂ U₄{me} ŠU₂{me} NU PAP | |
| 9 | 17 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂-up GU₃ U ULU₃ ŠAR₂ ŠEG₃ NA₄ TUR | |
| 10 | AN KI NUNDUN GIR₂.TAB UŠ-id ana MUL₂ SA₄ | |
| 11 | ša₂ SAG {MULₓ(ab₂)}GIR₂.TAB TE TA 22 EN 24 [x x] | |
| 12 | 25 AN ina NIM MULₓ(AB₂) ša₂ 15 {MULₓ(ab₂)}GIR₂.TAB [x x x x] | |
| 13 | ILLU GIN GE₆ 20 ŠU₂-up GIR₂ ⸢GU₃⸣ [U x x x x] | |
| 14 | i IM KALAG GE₆ 21 ŠEG₃ [...] | |
| 15 | ŠEG₃ i GIR₂ GIR₂ ULU₃ [...] | |
| 16 | ina IGI {MULₓ(ab₂)}RIN₂ 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 17 | ša₂ 15 {MULₓ(ab₂)}GIR₂.TAB ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 18 | DU šamaš₂ ina DIR ŠU₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 19 | ⸢AN⸣ ne₂ ŠUR ULU₃ [...] | |
| 20 | [x] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ [...] | |
| o ii | ||
| 1 | SI GIN 14 ⸢AN.KU₁₀⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | {MULₓ(ab₂)}ŠU.GI IGI ILLU [...] | |
| 3 | ana ⸢ULU₃⸣ GAR ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 4 | USAN ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 5 | U ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 6 | ⸢x⸣ | |
| r iii | ||
| 1' | ša₂ x [...] | |
| 2' | ina ⸢KIN⸣.[SIG ...] | |
| 3' | x [...] | |
| 4' | SI GIN AN.KU₁₀ sin x [...] | |
| 5' | 20 sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ GU₄.UD ina ⸢ŠA₃⸣ [GUB ...] | |
| 6' | IM KALAG 21 x x [...] | |
| r iv | ||
| 1' | [...] MULₓ(AB₂) ša₂ x [...] | |
| 2' | [...] x x 15 sin [...] | |
| 3' | [...] x x x x x [...] | |
| 4' | [x x] x x x [x] DU x [...] | |
| 5' | [x x x] x KUŠ₃ x PI 15 sin x 5 KUŠ₃ x x [...] | |
| 6' | [x] x x x x x {d}U GU₃-šu₂ [...] | |
| 7' | x x x x x 5 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina nu-nu IGI [...] | |
| 8' | x x x x x x DU{me} ana ULU₃ x [...] | |
| 9' | x IM AN ne₂ ŠUR 12 TUR₃ x ILLU GIN x [...] | |
| 10' | ERIN₂{me} KUR URI{ki} ana ŠA₃ ERIN₂ KUR aš-šur ṣal-tu₂ DU₃{me} ERIN₂ MU x [...] | |
| 11' | 13 ILLU i GIN 14 ni-di ina 15 šamaš₂ ŠUB GE₆ 15 ŠU₂-up 3 ⸢TIR⸣.[AN] | |
| 12' | 1 ina MAR 1 ina bi SI u MAR u₃ 1 ina SI IGI{meš} ŠEG₃ GIR₂ GU₃ U x | |
| 13' | DIR 15 DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI ULU₃ ŠAR₂ hi-lu IGI AN DIB GE₆ 16 sin TUR₃ GAL | |
| 14' | NIGIN₂ 16 TUR₃ šamaš₂ NIGIN₂ 18 šamaš₂ TUR₃ x NIGIN₂ ULU₃ GIN 19 dele-bat ina KI | |
| 15' | {MULₓ(ab₂)}HUN.GA₂ ar₂ AN 10 SI GUB sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ SI₄ ina ŠA₃ GUB 20 AN ina 2.30 | |
| 16' | ⸢x⸣ KI {MULₓ(ab₂)}HUN.GA₂ 1 SI TE sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ SAG₃.ME.GAR ina ŠA₃ GUB ULU₃ GIN | |
| 17' | [x x] x A 27 TIR.AN ša₂ SUH{me}šu₂ ma-ʾ-diš MAH ina NIM GIB | |
| 18' | [x x x x] hi-ri-tum NAM UD.KIB.NUN{ki} ERIN₂ KUR URI{ki} u KUR aš-šur | |
| 19' | [ṣal-tu₂ KI a-ha]-meš DU₃{meš}ma ERIN₂ KUR URI{ki} BAL{me} ma-ʾ-diš GAZ | |
| 20' | [x x x] ⸢SI⸣ GIN 28 ŠEG₃ i ina KIN.SIG TIR x DIR ina KUR GIB | |
| 21' | [x x x x] 29 ILLU i GIN AN UTAH ŠUR MU BI ŠEG₃ i KI TU x [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.