AD -380B (X103802)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -380B |
|---|---|
| ID | X103802 |
| Museum no. | BM 45816 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [...] the moon was below β Geminorum ... [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] ... The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 3°; mist, I did not watch. ... [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [... Le]onis 1 cubit. Night of the 17th, first part of the night, Mars was [...] below η Piscium [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... cl]ouds were in the sky. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit above γ Virginis; clouds ... [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] ... clouds were in the sky. The 19th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 20th, clouds were in the sky. The 20th, Mercury’s last appearance in the west in Capricorn; I did not watch. [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... in the mor]ning, a little rain shower. Night of the 22nd (and) the 22nd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of ϑ Ophiuchi [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [...] first part of the night, Mars was 2 cubits 20 fingers below β Arietis. Around the 26th, Saturn’s acronychal rising. The 26th?, [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 12° 40'; the sun rose in a “box”. From the 21st to the 27th, the river level rose 1 cubit. Night of the 28th (and) the 28th, clouds [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] The 29th, clouds were in the sky, gusty north wind, cold. Night of the 30th (and) the 30th, cold. That month, the equivalent (of 1 shekel of silver was): barley, 2 pānu 4 sūtu, at the end [of the month ...] |
| Obverse [9:11] o 10'10'–o 11'11' | [... wool], 2 minas. At that time, Jupiter was in Virgo; Venus was in Scorpius, at the end of the month, in Sagittarius; Saturn was in Leo; Mars was in Pisces [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [Month XI ... pa]ssed. Night of the 3rd, rain PISAN DIB, gusty wind. The 3rd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η Piscium [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] ... The 5th, in the morning, rain but the sandal was not removed. Night of the 6th (and) the 6th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 7th, [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | [... the river] level - remainder? 1/2 cubit - ... [...] |
| Reverse [0:2] r 1'r 1'–r 2'2' | [...] Saturn was in Cancer; Mars was in the Chariot; Mercury was in [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [Month XII ...] ... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits below η Tauri, [it stood] 20 fingers behind Mars towards the east [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [... Night] of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind ζ Tauri; Mars was 1 cubit below η Tauri [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] clouds crossed the sky. The 8th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind [α] Geminorum [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [below] ε Leonis, the moon having passed a little to the east, 1 cubit above Saturn [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... Night of the 13th, beginning] of the night, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of β Virginis. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 1° 30'. Ni[ght? ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 16° 30'; first part of the night, the moon was [...] above α Virginis [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...], clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit in front of a Scorpii ... [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [... the river level] - remainder x+10 fingers - rose 2 1/2 cubits. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... cu]bits, the moon having passed 8 fingers to the east. 25 (or: 26) [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Night of the] 28th, first part of the night, Mars? [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ZA 14 3 na a-kam₂ NU PAP ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢UR⸣.A 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 17 USAN AN SIG MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-⸢SIM⸣.[MAH ...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA GE₆ 18 U₄.ZAL sin e DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 2/3 KUŠ₃ DIR AN [...] | |
| 5' | [...] ⸢x⸣ DIR AN ZA 19 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 20 DIR AN ZA 20 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina MAŠ₂ ŠU₂ ⸢NU PAP⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [... ina še]-⸢ri₃⸣ UTAH i GE₆ 22 22 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-šil-tah-PA 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [...] USAN AN SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN.GA₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 20 SI in 26 GENNA ana ME E-a 26 [...] | |
| 8' | [...] 27 12.40 KUR šamaš₂ ina pit₂-nu KUR TA 21 EN 27 ILLU 1 KUŠ₃ GIN GE₆ 28 28 DIR [...] | |
| 9' | [...] 29 DIR AN ZA SI ŠAR₂ ŠED₇ GE₆ 30 30 ŠED₇ ITU BI KI.LAM še-im 2(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ina TIL [ITU ...] | |
| 10' | [... SIG₂] 2 ma i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina ABSIN dele-bat ina GIR₂.TAB ina TIL ITU ina PA GENNA ina UR.A AN ina KUN{me} [...] | |
| 11' | [ZIZ₂ 1 ...] ⸢DIB⸣ GE₆ 3 AN PISAN DIB IM ŠAR₂ 3 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-⸢ša₂⸣-[DUR-SIM.MAH N N ...] | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢x 5 ina še⸣-ri₃ AN še-ni NU TUH GE₆ 6 6 DIR ⸢AN ZA GE₆ 7 [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ⸢ILLU⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ KA₂-tu₂ x [...] | |
| 14' | [...] x x [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] GENNA ina ⸢ALLA AN ina⸣ GIGIR GU₄.UD ina ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [ŠE 30 ...] x GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin SIG MULₓ(AB₂)MULₓ(AB₂) 3 KUŠ₃ ar₂ AN 20 SI⸣ ana ⸢NIM⸣ [GUB ...] | |
| 3' | [... GE₆] 7 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ AN SIG MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 4' | [...] DIR AN DIB 8 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-[IGI N N ...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin SIG] ⸢SAG⸣ UR.A 2 KUŠ₃ i sin ana NIM DIB e GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 13 SAG] GE₆ sin ina IGI GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR.A 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ 13 1.30 na ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [...] GE₆ 15 16.30 GE₆ USAN sin e SA₄-ša₂-⸢ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN DIB GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SI₄ 1 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ ...] | |
| 9' | [...]+10 ⸢SI⸣ KA₂-tu₂ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ GIN GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 10' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ sin 8 SI ana NIM DIB 25 [...] | |
| 11' | [...] 28 USAN AN [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.