AD -379 (X103790)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -379 |
|---|---|
| ID | X103790 |
| Museum no. | BM 46009 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] behind the rear stars [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] ... The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 9° 40', measured (despite) clouds; rain sho[wer ...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [... Night of the 15th, beginning?] of the night, overcast; last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit 8 fingers in front of γ Virginis [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...]+1 cubit. The 17th, in the afternoon, overcast. Night of the 18th, clouds were in the sky; last part of the night, the moon [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... Night] of the 19th, the moon was surrounded by a halo, Jupiter stood in it; last part of the night, the moon was 1 [cubit] in front of α Scorpii [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... rain D]UL. Night of the 20th, rain DUL; last part of the night, the moon was 1/2 cubit in front of ϑ Ophiuchi. Ni[ght ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [... Mars] was 2 cubits 8 fingers below β Capricorni, Mars being a little back to the west. The 22nd, clouds were in the sky. [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [... Night of the 24th,] last part of the night, the moon was 3 cubits behind β Capricorni, 3 cubits behind Mars, it stood 2 2/3 cubits to the east. Night of the 20+[xth ...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [...] moonrise to sunrise: x° 40'; the sun rose in a “box”. The 27th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 28th (and) the 28th, overcast? [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... barley, ... x]+1 qa, in the middle <of the month>, 2 pānu, at the end of the month, 2 pānu 1 sūtu; dates, 2 pānu 3 sūtu, in the middle of the mon[th ...] |
| Reverse [10:12] r 11'11'–r 12'12' | [... Mars was in Sa]gittarius, at the end of the month, in Capricorn; Mercury, which had set, was not visible. |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [Month XII, ...] ... Night of the 2nd, first part of the night, Venus was 5 fingers below η Tauri ... [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [... towards] sunset, a little rain shower, tornadoes? fell. [...] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | [...] 2 cubits 8 fingers [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢ar₂⸣ MUL₂{meš} ⸢ar₂⸣{meš} [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢DU⸣ 13 9.40 ŠU₂ DIR muš AN ⸢UTAH⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [... GE₆ 15 SAG] GE₆ ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 KUŠ₃ 8 ⸢SI⸣ [...] | |
| 4' | [...]+1 KUŠ₃ 17 ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂ GE₆ 18 DIR AN ZA ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆] 19 sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina ŠA₃ GUB ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SI₄ 1 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 6' | [... AN] ⸢DUL⸣ GE₆ 20 AN DUL ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI KIR₄-šil-tah-PA 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [... AN] SIG SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 8 SI i AN ana ŠU₂ LAL 22 DIR AN ZA [...] | |
| 8' | [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 3 KUŠ₃ ar₂ AN 2 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB GE₆ 20+[...] | |
| 9' | [...] x 40 KUR šamaš₂ ina pit₂-ni KUR 27 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 28 28 ⸢ŠU₂⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [... KI.LAM ŠE ina SAG ITU ...]+1 qa ina MURUB₄ <ITU> 2 PI ina TIL ITU 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ZU₂.LUM 2(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) ina MURUB₄ ⸢ITU⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... AN ina] ⸢PA⸣ ina TIL ITU ina MAŠ₂ GU₄.UD ša₂ ŠU₂-u NU IGI | |
| 12' | [ŠE ...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 2 USAN dele-bat SIG MULₓ(AB₂)MULₓ(AB₂) 5 SI x [...] | |
| 13' | [... KI] ŠU₂ šamaš₂ UTAH i U₂.LAL ŠUB{meš}⸢ni⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 8 SI [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.