AD -378 (X103780)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -378 |
|---|---|
| ID | X103780 |
| Museum no. | BM 35195 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [Night of the 22nd, last part of the night], the moon stood 2 cubits 8 fingers behind α Leonis to the east [...] |
| Obverse [1:3] o 2'2'–o 3'3' | [s]esame, 2 sūtu 3 qa; wool, 2 minas. At that time, Venus was in the beginning of the mon[th in Virgo, at the end of the month in Libra; ...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | Month VIII, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), the moon’s first appearance; sunset to moonset: 14° 30'; it was bright. Night of the 1st, Mars, while moving back to the west, was [...] below α Arietis [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | 2 cubits, the moon having passed a little to the east. Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η Piscium [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | Night of the 12th, middle part of the night, the moon was surrounded by a halo, Mars stood in it. The 12th, the king and the crown? prince [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | the sun set in mist. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 9° 30'; first part of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit behind α Tauri. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 4° 30'. [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [The 1]6th, Jupiter’s first appearance in Scorpius; it was bright; rising of Jupiter to sunrise: 11° 30'. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit below β Geminorum [... Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | 2/3 cubit [...] ε Leonis; clouds were in the sky. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Leonis; clouds were in the sky. Night of the 2[1st, ... Night of the 22nd,] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [last part of the night, the moon] stood 2 1/2 cubits behind Saturn to the east. The 22nd, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Sagittarius. Around the 22nd, when Mars [became stationary] in the west [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [Night of the 23rd, clouds] were in the sky; Jupiter was above [α Scorpii nn cubits] 8 fingers. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits behind α Virginis [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... Ni]ght of the 26th, last part of the night, [the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [in front of β Scorpii], it stood 3 cubits in front of Venus to the west. Night of the 28th, [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] ... The 28th, ... [...] the equivalent (of 1 shekel of silver was): barley, 1 pānu 2 sūtu 4 1/2 qa, at the end [of the month, ...] |
| Obverse [12:14] o 13'13'–o 14'14' | [... x]+1 minas. At that time, [...] Mercury was in Sagittarius [...] |
| Obverse [13:15] o 14'14'– | [Month IX], (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), the moon’s first appearance [...] ... [...] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [...] Year 26 of Arses who [is called] Artaxerxes. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂] sin ar₂ ⸢LUGAL 2 KUŠ₃ 8 SI ana NIM GUB [...] | |
| 2' | ⸢ŠE⸣.GIŠ 2(BAN₂) 3 qa SIG₂ 2 ma i-nu-šu₂ dele-bat ina SAG ⸢ITU⸣ [ina ABSIN ina TIL ITU ina RIN₂ ...] | |
| 3' | APIN 30 sin IGI 14.30 na KUR₄ GE₆ 1 AN ana ŠU₂ ina LAL-šu₂ SIG ⸢MUL₂⸣-[ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN ...] | |
| 4' | 2 KUŠ₃ i sin ana NIM DIB GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-⸢DUR⸣-[nu-nu N N ...] | |
| 5' | GE₆ 12 MURUB₄ sin TUR₃ NIGIN₂ AN ⸢ina⸣ ŠA₃ GUB 12 LUGAL u DUMU LUGAL ⸢ša₂ E₂-re⸣-[du-ti ...] | |
| 6' | šamaš₂ ina a-kam₂ ŠU₂ GE₆ 14 9.30 ME USAN sin ar₂ is-le₁₀ 2/3 KUŠ₃ 14 4.30 na [...] | |
| 7' | 16 SAG.ME.GAR ina GIR₂.TAB IGI KUR 11.30 na-su GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ 1 KUŠ₃ [... GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] | |
| 8' | ⸢ša₂⸣ SAG-UR.A 2/3 KUŠ₃ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ LUGAL 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ DIR AN ZA GE₆ 21 [... GE₆ 22 | |
| 9' | [ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂] GENNA 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB 22 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina PA.BIL IGI in EN 22 AN ana ŠU₂ ⸢ki⸣ [UŠ-a ...] | |
| 10' | [GE₆ 23 ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA MUL₂.BABBAR ⸢e⸣ [SI₄ N KUŠ₃] 8 SI GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1 2/3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [x x x] ⸢GE₆⸣ 26 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB] 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ina IGI dele-bat 3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB GE₆ 28 [...] | |
| 12' | [...] ⸢KUR 28 x [...] ⸢KI⸣.LAM še-im 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 4 1/2 qa ina ⸢TIL⸣ [ITU ...] | |
| 13' | [... x]+1 ma i-nu-[šu₂ ...] GU₄.UD ina PA.⸢BIL⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [GAN] 30 sin IGI⸣ [...] x [...] | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] ⸢MU.26.KAM₂⸣ {m}ar₂-šu₂ ša₂ {m}ar-⸢tak-šat-su⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.