AD -373B (X103732)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -373B |
|---|---|
| ID | X103732 |
| Museum no. | BM 34792 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [... Mercu]ry was above α V[irginis ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] ... The 12th, moonset to sunrise: 17° 10'. [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] ... became visible. Night of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of β Tauri. [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | 1 1/2 cubits [...] of α Geminorum. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of the rear stars [of Cancer ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] Night of the 22nd, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 23rd, middle part of the night, [... Night of the 24th, last part of the night,] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [the moon was] 1 5/6 cubits in front of α Virginis. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, ... [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | (ideal) first appearance around the 20th. The 25th, 1° before sunrise, [... Saturn was] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | 1/2 cubit [behind] α Librae. Around the 27th or 28th, Mercury’s [last appearance in the east in ...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | dates, 2 pān 3 qa, at the end of the month, 1 pān 4 sūt; mustard, [...] |
| Obverse [9:11] o 10'10'–o 11'11' | [at the end] of the month in Libra; the 28th, Mercury’s last appearance <in the east> in Scorpius; Mars [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [Month] VIII, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month); sunset to moonset: 10° 40'; mist, I did not see the moon. [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [nn] cubits. Night of the 6th, first part of the night, the moon was [...] above δ Capricorni [... Night of the 11th, first part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | 2 cubits [...] of β Arietis. The 11th, [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | [...] Jupiter was on top of the “band”? [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | [...] ... Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 8°; last part of the night, the moon was [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | [... rain but the sandal] was not removed. Night of the 15th, sunset to moonrise: 8°. [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 17'17'–o 17'17' | [...] around the 18th, Venus’ [last appearance] in the east in Scor[pius ...] |
| Obverse [17:19] o 18'18'– | [...] cubits. Night of the 22nd, last [part of the night, ...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] last part of the night, the moon was behind ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] Scorpius 5/6 cubit. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the m[oon was ...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [... Mer]cury’s last appearance in the east in Aquarius. The 27th, [moonrise to sunrise:] 18°? [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] ... At that time, Jupiter was in [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [Month XII, ...] the moon became visible in a cloud; sunset to moonset: 15° 40'; I did not [watch ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...] the north wind blew. Night of the 3rd, the moon was 2 [...] above Jupiter [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [... Night of the 6th, be]ginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η Geminorum [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [...] 2 1/2 cubits [...] of the middle star of the head of Aries. Night of the 9th, ... [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [...] back [nn] cubits. Night of the 12th, first part of the night, the moon was in front of ... [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Night of the 1]4th?, last part of the night, the moon was 2/3 [cubit] in front of α Virginis [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [... Night of the 1]8th, last part of the night, the moon was in front of the head of Scorpius [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [...] The 21st, overcast; the sun set in a cloud. Night [...] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | [...] ... Venus was 8 [fingers] above Jupiter [...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [...] Mercury’s first appearance in the west in Aries [...] |
| Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16' | [...] in the morning, lightning, much thunder [...] |
| Reverse [16:17] r 17'17'–r 17'17' | [...] of the gate of Ištar ... [...] |
| Reverse [17:18] r 18'18'–r 18'18' | [...] ... dates, at the beginning of the month, 1 pān 5 sūt ... [...] |
| Reverse [18:20] r 19'19'– | [... At that] time, Jupiter was in Aries; Venus in the beginning of the month [in Aries ...] |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | [... f]amine occurred in the land. People [sold their children? ...] |
| Top [1:2] t.e. 22–t.e. 22 | [...] ... all divine rites like those in Babylon [...] |
| Top [2:3] t.e. 33–t.e. 33 | [...] the troops of the king who [...] |
| Top [3:4] t.e. 44–t.e. 44 | [...] year ... [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [... GU₄].⸢UD⸣ e SA₄-ša₂-⸢ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] x 12 17.10 ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] x IGI ⸢GE₆ 15 ina ZALAG₂ sin⸣ ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] | |
| 4' | [MAŠ.MAŠ]-IGI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂{me}ar₂-<<ME>>-ša₂-ALLA [...] | |
| 5' | [x] GE₆ 22 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 23 MURUB₄ [... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 6' | [sin] ⸢ina⸣ IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1 5/6 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢GU₄⸣.[UD ...] | |
| 7' | ⸢in⸣ 20 IGI 25 1 UŠ la-am šamaš₂ KUR ⸢x⸣ [... GENNA] | |
| 8' | [ar₂] ⸢RIN₂⸣-ša₂-ULU₃ 1/2 KUŠ₃ in 27 ki 28 GU₄.UD [ina NIM ina ... ŠU₂ ...] | |
| 9' | ⸢ZU₂⸣.LUM 2(BARIG) PI 3 qa ina TIL ITU 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ka-⸢si⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | [ina TIL] ITU ina RIN₂ 28 GU₄.UD <ina NIM> ina GIR₂.TAB ŠU₂ AN [...] | |
| 11' | {[(itu])}⸢APIN⸣ 30 10.40 na a-kam₂ sin NU IGI [...] | |
| 12' | [n] KUŠ₃ GE₆ 6 USAN sin e MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-⸢SUHUR⸣-[MAŠ₂ ... GE₆ 11 USAN sin ...] | |
| 13' | [MUL₂]-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN.GA₂ 2 KUŠ₃ 11 [...] | |
| 14' | [x x] x MUL₂.BABBAR ina UGU ṭur-⸢ri⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | [x x x] x GE₆ 14 8 ME ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 16' | [...] NU TUH GE₆ 15 8 GE₆ [...] | |
| 17' | [...] in 18 dele-bat ina NIM ina ⸢GIR₂⸣.[TAB ŠU₂ ...] | |
| 18' | [... n] KUŠ₃ GE₆ 22 ina [ZALAG₂ ...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] GIR₂.TAB 5/6 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 20 ina ⸢ZALAG₂ sin⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [... GU₄].UD ina NIM ina GU ŠU₂ 27 18 [KUR ...] | |
| 4' | [...] x i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.⸢BABBAR⸣ ina [...] | |
| 5' | [...] x ma 2 ma ti x x [...] | |
| 6' | {[itu}ŠE ...] sin ina DIR IGI 15.40 na NU [PAP ...] | |
| 7' | [...] SI GIN GE₆ 3 sin e MUL₂.BABBAR 2 n ...] | |
| 8' | [... GE₆ 6 ⸢SAG⸣ GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit-MAŠ.MAŠ [...] | |
| 9' | [... MUL₂]-MURUB₄-ša₂-SAG.LU 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 9 x [...] | |
| 10' | [...] KUŠ₃ LAL GE₆ 12 USAN sin ina IGI x [...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆] 14 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 2/3 [...] | |
| 12' | [... GE₆] 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SAG-GIR₂.TAB [...] | |
| 13' | [...] 21 ŠU₂ šamaš₂ ina DIR ŠU₂ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] ⸢USAN⸣ dele-bat e MUL₂.BABBAR 8 [SI ...] | |
| 15' | [...] GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina LU IGI [...] | |
| 16' | [...] ina še-ri₃ GIR₂ GU₃ U MAH [...] | |
| 17' | [...] ša₂ KA₂.GAL {d}15 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 18' | [...] x ZU₂.LUM ina SAG ITU 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) x [...] | |
| 19' | [... i-nu]-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina LU dele-bat ina SAG ITU [ina LU ...] | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | [... U₂].⸢GUG⸣ ina KUR GAR-an UN{⸢meš⸣} [...] | |
| 2 | [...] ME mim-ma ši-pir DINGIR-u₂-tu GIM ša₂ ina E{⸢ki⸣} [...] | |
| 3 | [...] {lu₂}ERIN₂-ni LUGAL ša₂ [...] | |
| 4 | [...] ⸢MU x.KAM⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.