AD -373A (X103731)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -373A |
|---|---|
| ID | X103731 |
| Museum no. | BM 36622 + 37169 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | [Night] of the 12th, first part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η Pis[cium ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cu[bits] above Jupiter [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 3° 20'; last part of the night, the moon was behind η Tauri [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | 2 cubits in front of β Tauri. Night of the 15th, [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was in front of the rear stars of [Cancer ...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | 2 cubits [...] of ε Leonis. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night,] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | the moon was 1 cubit in front of ϑ Leonis [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | lightning, thunder, rain shower, gusty wind ... [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | in the city Pallukatu ... [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | houses (temples) were destroyed; last part of the night, the moon was in [front of ... Night of the 24th, last part of the night,] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of α Virginis [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | Night of the 25th, last part of the night, ... Venus? 1+[x ... Saturn] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | was 1/2 cubit behind α Librae, it was high to the north [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | (ideal) first appearance around the 20th. The 25th, 1° [before sunrise, ...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | The 26th, moonrise to sunrise: 23°; the moon ... [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | in front of α Librae [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [beginning] of the night, the moon was behind ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | moonrise to sunset: 8°; last part of the night, the moon was below [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | in the morning, lightning, thunder, [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | Night of the 16th, last part of the night, the moon was behind β Geminorum [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was in front of [ε Leonis ... Venus’] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | last appearance [in the east] in Scorpius; I did not watch. Night of the 20th, [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was in front of γ [Virginis ... Night of the 22nd,] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of α Vir[ginis ... ] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [a d]og? devoured a dog [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [Night] of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of α Librae [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2 2/3 cubits [below β Librae] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | the moon having passed 1 1/2 cubits to the east. Ni[ght of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit 4 fingers [in front of α Scorpii.] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon was behind [...] |
| Reverse [12:14] r 13'13'–r 14'14' | The 28th (and) the 29th, clouds were in the sky. [...] |
| Reverse [13:15] r 14'14'– | month IX [...] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [... to the e]nd of month VIII, year 31 of Arses. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [GE₆] 12 USAN sin⸣ [ina] ⸢IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂⸣-[DUR-nu-nu ...] | |
| 2' | ⸢GE₆⸣ 13 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂.BABBAR 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | GE₆ 14 3.20 ME ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MULₓ(AB₂)MULₓ(AB₂) [...] | |
| 4' | ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 15 [...] | |
| 5' | GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂{me} ar₂{me} ša₂ [ALLA ...] | |
| 6' | SAG-UR.A 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 7' | ⸢sin⸣ ina IGI GIŠ.KUN-UR.A 1 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 8' | ⸢GIR₂⸣ GU₃ U AN UTAH IM ŠAR₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | ⸢ina⸣ {uru}pal-lu-ka-tum ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 10' | E₂{meš} GUL{meš} ina ZALAG₂ sin ina [IGI ... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂] | |
| 11' | sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1 2/3 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| 12' | GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ KI ša₂ dele-bat 1+[x ... GENNA] | |
| 13' | ar₂ RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana SI ⸢NIM⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | in 20 IGI 25 1 ⸢UŠ⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | 26 23 KUR sin ina [...] | |
| 16' | ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ [...] | |
| 17' | ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ar₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | 8 ME ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG [...] | |
| 3' | ina še-ri₃ GIR₂ GU₃ U [...] | |
| 4' | GE₆ 16 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MAŠ.MAŠ-⸢ar₂⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI [SAG-UR.A ... dele-bat ina NIM] | |
| 6' | ina GIR₂.TAB ŠU₂ NU PAP GE₆ 20 [...] | |
| 7' | GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI [DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN ... GE₆ 22 | |
| 8' | [ina] ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SA₄-ša₂-⸢ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [UR].KU a-na UR.KU KU₂ [...] | |
| 10' | [GE₆] 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-[ULU₃ ... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃] | |
| 11' | 2 2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB ⸢GE₆⸣ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI SI₄] | |
| 12' | 1 KUŠ₃ 4 SI GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ [...] | |
| 13' | 28 29 DIR AN ZA | |
| 14' | {⸢itu}GAN⸣ [...] | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [... EN] ⸢TIL⸣ APIN MU.31.KAM₂ {m}ar₂-šu₂ | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.