AD -370 (X103700)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -370 |
|---|---|
| ID | X103700 |
| Museum no. | BM 35333 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'o 1'–o 1'o 1' | 4 cubits below α Geminorum. The 15th, [... Mercury’s] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | last appearance [in the west] in Leo. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was [... β Arietis ...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] above α Tauri ... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | it stood 2 1/2 cubits in front of Mars to the west [...] |
| Obverse [4:6] o 5'5'–o 6'6' | dates, 1 pānu 4 sūtu, at the end of the month, 1 pānu 4 sūtu [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | Month V, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 14° 30', measured. [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | it stood 1 cubit behind Saturn to the east. The 6th, ... [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | 2 cubits 8 fingers. Night of the 12th, first part of the night, [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | The 16th, gusty north wind. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | The 9thsic, a “fall of fire” in the district of Eridu ... [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | 20 fingers in front of η Geminorum [...] |
| Obverse [11:13] o 12'12'– | last part of the night, the mo[on ...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] ... [... Night of the 22nd,] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [last part of the night, the moon was ...] 2 1/2 cubits [...] α Leonis, the moon being ... [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [Saturn’s] last appearance in the west in Scorpius; I did not watch. Night of the 28th, last part of the night, [... That month,] |
| Reverse [3:5] r 4'4'–r 5'5' | the equivalent [for 1 shekel of silver] was: barley, 1 pānu; dates, 1 pānu 5 sūtu, at the end of the month, 1 pānu 3 sūtu; mustard, [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | Month VIII, on (the 1st which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), the moon’s first appearance; sunset to moonset: 13° 30'.; the moon was in front of Mercury [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | Night of the 9th, last part of the night, Venus was 14 fingers above α Librae, Venus being 1+[x ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | The 12th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 13th (and) the 13th, clouds were in the sky. Ni[ght ... lunar eclipse ...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | when it began, after 21° night all of it was eclipsed. 20° night [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | α Librae was eclipsed. In its eclipse, there was lightning, thunder, rain [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | 1 cubit [...] of α Geminorum. Around the 18th, when Jupiter became stationary in the east [... Night of the 22nd,] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | last part of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit in front of β Virginis, in front of [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | rain quickly a little PISAN DIB. The 26th, cold north wind [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | it stood 1 cubit in front of Saturn to the west; Mercury [...] |
| Reverse [13:15] r 14'14'– | [...] ... 1 kurru; cress, 1 sūtu; sesame, [...] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | Diary from month I to the end of month X[II ...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | ⸢SIG⸣ MAŠ.MAŠ-IGI 4 KUŠ₃ 15 [... GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂] | |
| 2' | ina UR.A ŠU₂ GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin [... MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN N N ...] | |
| 3' | GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin e is-le₁₀ [N N ... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] | |
| 4' | ina IGI AN 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB [...] | |
| 5' | ZU₂.LUM 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) [...] | |
| 6' | NE 30 14.30 na muš [...] | |
| 7' | ar₂ GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB 6 x [...] | |
| 8' | 2 KUŠ₃ 8 SI GE₆ 12 USAN [...] | |
| 9' | 16 SI ŠAR₂ GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 10' | 9 IZI.ŠUB ina KI ERI.DU₁₀ x [...] | |
| 11' | ina IGI ⸢MUL₂-IGI⸣-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 20 ⸢SI⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [... GE₆ 22 | |
| 2' | [ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] LUGAL 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin ⸢x⸣ [... GENNA] | |
| 3' | ⸢ina ŠU₂ ina GIR₂⸣.TAB ŠU₂ NU PAP GE₆ 28 ina ZALAG₂ [...] | |
| 4' | KI.LAM ŠE 1 PI ZU₂.LUM 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 1(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) ⸢ka-si⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | APIN 30 sin IGI 13.30 na sin ina IGI GU₄.⸢UD⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | GE₆ 9 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat e RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 14 SI dele-bat 1+[...] | |
| 7' | 12 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 13 13 DIR AN ZA ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | ki TAB-u₂ ina 21 GE₆ gab-bi-šu₂ ŠU₂ 20 GE₆ [...] | |
| 9' | RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ a-dir ina AN.KU₁₀-šu₂ GIR₂ GU₃ U AN [...] | |
| 10' | MAŠ.MAŠ-IGI 1 KUŠ₃ in EN 18 MUL₂.BABBAR ana NIM ⸢ki⸣ [UŠ-u₂ ... GE₆ 22 | |
| 11' | ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR 2/3 KUŠ₃ ina IGI [...] | |
| 12' | AN ha-an-ṭiš PISAN i DIB 26 SI ŠED₇ [...] | |
| 13' | ina IGI GENNA 1 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB GU₄.UD [...] | |
| 14' | [x] ⸢x 1 GUR⸣ ZA₃ 1(BAN₂) ⸢ŠE.GIŠ⸣ [...] | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | EN.NUN ša₂ gi-ne₂-e ša₂ TA BAR EN TIL ⸢ŠE⸣ [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.