AD -333 (X103330)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -333 |
|---|---|
| ID | X103330 |
| Museum no. | BM 37231 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 1/2 cubits behind α Leonis [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [...] rain shower. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... ra]in shower, gusty wind. Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moo[n was ... α Librae ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [...] ... The 10th?, overcast; around noon, thunder, rain shower, wind [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [...] overcast. Night of the 13th, very overcast. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 9° 20'?, observed (despite) clouds; very overcast? [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [... 1]4th, lunar eclipse; when it began in the north-..., during 10° night [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] much [...] crossed the sky ... the south wind which was slanted to the east blew [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] beginning of the night, overcast, lightning, thunder, rain but the sandal was not removed, gusty wind [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] ... gusty south and west winds blew; lightning, thunder, rain DUL [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 11'11'–o 11'11' | [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon] stood 1 1/2 cubits [behind] Mars to the east; Venus was below ... [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 12'12'–o 12'12' | [...] The 21st, clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the m[oon ... Night] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 13'13'–o 13'13' | of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below β Arietis [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 14'14'–o 14'14' | Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of η Tauri [... Night of the 26th,] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 15'15'–o 15'15' | last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits below β Tauri, the moo[n being ...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 16'16'–o 16'16' | dates, 1 kur 2 pānuj 2 sūtu; mustard, 3+[x kur ...] |
| Obverse [16:18] o 17'17'–o 18'18' | at the beginning of the month in Capricorn, at the end of the month in Aquarius [...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 18'18'–o 18'18' | [Month III], the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 13° 30'; (the moon) was low, it was low to the sun [...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 19'19'–o 19'19' | [... Ni]ght of the 3rd, the moon was [...] below [ϑ Leonis ...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 20'20'–o 20'20' | [...] ... Night of the 6th [...] |
| Obverse [20:22] o 21'21'– | [...] the moon was above ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | ⸢...⸣ in front of [...] Night of the 13th, 7° 30' [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | 2/3 cubit [...] η Piscium. Ni[ght of the 1]8th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below α Arie[tis ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | Saturn’s acronychal rising. Night of the 2[0th, last part of the ni]ght, the moon was ... behind η Tauri [... Night of the 23rd,] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | ...; last part of the night, the moon was 20 fingers behind μ Geminorum [... Night of the 26th,] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits below Venus, the moon [having passed] 1/2 cubit to the east [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | dates, 1 kur 2 pānu 1 sūtu; mustard, 5 kur ... end of the month, ... [...] |
| Reverse [7:9] r 8'8'–r 9'9' | [...] Jupiter, which had set, was n[ot visible.] That month, the river level receded 1 cubit. |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [Month V,] the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 15° 30'; the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of α Virginis. Around the 1st, when Mars became stationary to the west, [... Night of the 4th, the moon was] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | 1/2 cubit below? δ Scorpii, the moon being 4 fingers back to the west. Around the 7th, Mars went back to the east. Night of the 8th, first part of the night, [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [...] ... Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind δ Capricorni; ZI IR [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [...] Night of the 12th, clouds were in the sky. The 12th, sunrise to moonset: 30'; clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 4°; clouds [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [... Night of the 14th, last part of the night, Venus was] 8 fingers above ρ Leonis. Night of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below η [Piscium ...] |
| Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14' | [...] cubits. Night of the 19th, first part of the night, lightning flashed continuously; last part of the night, the moon was [...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [... Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was ... η/μ Ge]minorum [...] ... [...] |
| Reverse [15:17] r 16'16'– | [...] Venus was [...] below ϑ Leo[nis ...] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [Di]ary from month I to [...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [... GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin] ar₂ LUGAL 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] AN UTAH GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ [...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ UTAH IM ŠAR₂ GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ [... RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ ...] | |
| 5' | [...] ⸢x⸣ 10 ŠU₂ AN.BAR₇ GU₃ U AN UTAH IM [...] | |
| 6' | [...] ŠU₂ GE₆ 13 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 13 9.20 ŠU₂ DIR muš ŠU₂.ŠU₂ [...] | |
| 7' | [...] 14 sin AN.KU₁₀ ina SI ⸢u x⸣ ki TAB-u₂ ina 10 UŠ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] MAH AN DIB ⸢x x x x ULU₃⸣ ša₂ ana KUR ṣal-pu GIN [...] | |
| 9' | [...] SAG GE₆ ŠU₂ GIR₂ GU₃ U AN [še]-ni NU TUH IM ŠAR₂ [...] | |
| 10' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ ULU₃ u MAR ŠAR₂{me} GIN{me} GIR₂ GU₃ U AN DUL [...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ... ar₂] AN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB dele-bat SIG ⸢MUL₂⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [x x] 21 DIR AN DIB GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [... GE₆] | |
| 13' | 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-⸢SAG-HUN⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂.⸢MUL₂⸣ [... GE₆ 26 | |
| 15' | ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG ŠUR-[GIGIR]-ša₂-SI 2 KUŠ₃ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | ZU₂.LUM 1(GUR) 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ka-si 3+N(GUR) ... AN] | |
| 17' | ina SAG ITU ina ⸢MAŠ₂ ina TIL ITU ina GU⸣ [...] | |
| 18' | [SIG] 1 13.30 na SIG ana šamaš₂ SIG [...] | |
| 19' | [x] ⸢x GE₆⸣ 3 sin SIG [GIŠ.KUN-A ...] | |
| 20' | [x x x] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 6 [...] | |
| 21' | [x x x x] sin e ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | ⸢x x x⸣ ina IGI [x x x x (x)] GE₆ 13 7.30 [... GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ...] | |
| 3' | [MUL₂-KUR]-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 2/3 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-⸢ša₂⸣-[SAG-HUN N N ...] | |
| 4' | GENNA ana ME E₃-a GE₆ 20 [ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ ⸢x⸣ [... GE₆ 23 | |
| 5' | ZI IR ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit-MAŠ.MAŠ 20 SI [... GE₆ 26 | |
| 6' | ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG dele-bat 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM⸣ [DIB ...] | |
| 7' | ⸢ZU₂⸣.LUM 1(GUR) 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ka-si 5(GUR) [x] ⸢x x TIL ITU x x⸣ [...] | |
| 8' | [x x (x)] MUL₂.BABBAR ša₂ ŠU₂-u₂ ⸢NU⸣ [IGI] ITU BI ILLU 1 KUŠ₃ LAL | |
| 9' | {[itu}NE] 1 15.30 na sin ina ⸢IGI SA₄⸣-ša₂-ABSIN 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ EN 1 AN ana ŠU₂ ki UŠ-a [... GE₆ 4 sin] | |
| 10' | SIG MUL₂-MURUB₄-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 4 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL in 7 AN ana NIM LAL GE₆ 8 USAN [...] | |
| 11' | [x] ⸢ZI⸣ IR GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ZI IR ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [x x x] ⸢GE₆ 12 DIR⸣ AN ZA 12 30 NINDA na DIR AN DIB GE₆ 13 4 ME DIR AN [...] | |
| 13' | [... GE₆ 14 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat] ⸢e⸣ MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL 8 SI ⸢GE₆⸣ 15 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG ⸢MUL₂⸣-[KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu ...] | |
| 14' | [...] KUŠ₃ GE₆ 19 USAN GIR₂ [x] GIR₂{me} ina ZALAG₂ sin [...] | |
| 15' | [... GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ... MUL₂-IGI/ar₂-ša₂-še]-pit-MAŠ.MAŠ ⸢x⸣ [...] ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 16' | [...] dele-bat SIG GIŠ.[KUN-A N N ...] | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [EN.NUN] ša₂ gi-ne₂-e ša₂ TA BAR EN [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.