AD -332A (X103321)
Astronomical Diary, Achaemenid, Babylon · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE
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| Designation | AD -332A |
|---|---|
| ID | X103321 |
| Museum no. | BM 36388 + 36738 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Achaemenid · c. 539 BCE–330 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | Diary [...] |
| Top [1:3] t.e. 22– | [At the command of Bēl and Bēltija] may it be well. |
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [Year] 3 of Artašata, [who is called king] Dar[ius ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | Night of the 2nd, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind γ Virginis, behind Jupiter [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits in front of α Librae. N[ight? ... Night of the 7th,] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | beginning of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit above ϑ Ophiuchi [... Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the moon was ... below β Capricorni,] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | the moon having passed 4 fingers to the east. The 10th, Mercury’s [last appearance] in the west in Virgo 2 cubits [... Night of the 13th,] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | moonrise to sunset: 7° 30'. Beginning of the night, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of Saturn [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [The 1]6th, Saturn’s acronychal rising. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below η Tauri [... Night of the 20th,] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [be]hind β Tauri. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below [μ Geminorum. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | 5 1/2 cubits [below] α [Geminorum], the moon being 2/3 cubit back to the west. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the mo[on ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [nn] cubits. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 12°. The 29th, Jupiter’s last appearance in Virgo. That month, the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): [...] |
| Obverse [10:12] o 1111–o 1212 | [...] 5 sūtu; wool, 6 minas. At that time, Jupiter and Venus were in Vi[rgo; ...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [Month VI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: ...] clouds were in the sky. The 1st, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 2nd, the moon was behind [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [...] being high [to] the north. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was behind [ϑ Ophiuchi ...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | [... Night of the 7th, beginning of the ni]ght, the moon was 1 2/3 cubits in front of β Capricorni. Night of the 9th, be[ginning of the night, ...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [Night of the 13th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit 8 fingers [in front of] η Piscium. Night of the 14th, [...] |
| Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616 | [... Night of the 17th,] last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of ζ Tauri. Night of the 18th, [...] |
| Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717 | [...] flashed [from] α Leonis to the east, its light could be seen on the ground. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, [the moon was ... β Geminorum ...] |
| Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818 | [...] to setting of [...]: 9°; (ideal) first appearance on the 19th. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below ε L[eonis ...] |
| Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919 | [... Ni]ght of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was 2 2/3 cubits below β Virginis. [...] |
| Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 2020 | [... Night of the 26th, last part of the ni]ght, the moon was 3 2/3 cubits below γ Virginis, the moon being 2/3 cubit [...] |
| Obverse [20:21] o 2121–o 2121 | [... Night of] the 27th, clouds were in the sky, gusty wind. The 27th, rising of [Jupiter] to sunrise: 11° [...] |
| Obverse [21:22] o 2222–o 2222 | [... Venus] was 3 cubits below γ Virginis, Venus [standing] 2/3 cubit [to the east ...] |
| Obverse [22:23] o 2323–o 2323 | [That month, the equivalent for 1 shekel of silver was: barley, ..., at the e]nd of the month, 3 pānu 5 sūtu; dates, 4 pānu 5 sūtu, at [the end of the month, ...] |
| Obverse [23:24] o 2424–o 2424 | [... At that time, Ve]nus, Mercury and Mars were in Virgo; Saturn [was in Aquarius, ...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] south [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] cubit. The 28th, [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] That month, the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): barley, 4 pānu 1 sūtu, in the middle [of the month ...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] 1 pānu 4 sūtu; sesame, 1 pānu; wool, 6 [minas. At that time, Jupiter and Mars were in Libra;] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [Venus was in Vir]go, at the end of the month in Libra; Mercury was in Sagittarius; Sa[turn was in Aquarius. That month, the river level ...] |
| Reverse [5:7] r 6'6'–r 7'7' | [...] receded; the 28th and 29th, it rose 1/2 cubit [...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [Month IX, ... sunset to moon]set: [nn]; it was low. |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [Diar]y from month V to the end of month VIII of year [3 of Artašata,] |
| Reverse [8:10] r 9'9'– | [who is ca]lled [king Darius.] |
| Left [0:1] l.e. 1l.e. 1–l.e. 1l.e. 1 | [... who is] called king Darius. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | EN.NUN ša₂ gi-ne₂-[e ...] | |
| 2 | [ina a-mat {d}EN u {d}GAŠAN-ia₂ liš]-lim | |
| o | ||
| 1 | [MU] 3.KAM₂ {m}ar₂-ta-ša₂-ta ša₂ {m}da-⸢ri⸣-[ia-a-muš LUGAL MU-šu₂ na-bu-u₂ ...] | |
| 2 | GE₆ 2 sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢ar₂ MUL₂⸣.[BABBAR ...] | |
| 3 | GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢x⸣ [... GE₆ 7 | |
| 4 | SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-tah-PA 2/3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆ sin SIG SI-MAŠ₂ x x] | |
| 5 | sin 4 SI ana NIM DIB 10 GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ ina ABSIN 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [... GE₆ 13 | |
| 6 | 7.30 ME SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI GENNA 1 2/3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 7 | 16 GENNA ana ME E-a GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂.⸢MUL₂⸣ [... GE₆ 20 | |
| 8 | [sin] ⸢ar₂⸣ ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-SI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG [MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ N N GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ] | |
| 9 | [IGI]-u₂ 5 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 10 | [N] KUŠ₃ 27 12 KUR 29 MUL₂.BABBAR ina ABSIN ŠU₂ ITU BI KI.LAM [...] | |
| 11 | [x x] 5(BAN₂) SIG₂{hi.a} 6 MA.NA i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR u dele-bat ina ⸢ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 12 | [KIN 1 ...] ⸢x x x DIR⸣ AN ZA 1 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 2 sin ar₂ ⸢MUL₂⸣ [...] | |
| 13 | [... ana] SI NIM GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI [MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-tah-PA ...] | |
| 14 | [... GE₆ 7 SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ina IGI SI-ša₂-MAŠ₂ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 9 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆ ...] | |
| 15 | [GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI] MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI GE₆ 14 [...] | |
| 16 | [... GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 18 [...] | |
| 17 | [...] LUGAL ana KUR ŠUR UD.DA-su ina KI IGI GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ [sin x MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂ ...] | |
| 18 | [...] 9 na-su ina 19 IGI GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG ⸢SAG⸣-[UR.A N N ...] | |
| 19 | [...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR.A 2 2/3 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 20 | [... GE₆ 26 ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ sin SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 3 2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana [...] | |
| 21 | [... GE₆] 27 DIR AN ZA IM ŠAR₂ 27 11 UŠ na [MUL₂.BABBAR ...] | |
| 22 | [... dele]-bat SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 3 KUŠ₃ dele-bat 2/3 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [ana NIM GUB ...] | |
| 23 | [ITU BI KI.LAM še-im ... ina] ⸢TIL⸣ ITU 3(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ZU₂.LUM 4(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ina [...] | |
| 24 | [... i-nu-šu₂ dele]-⸢bat⸣ GU₄.UD u AN ina ABSIN GENNA [ina GU ...] | |
| 25 | [...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ULU₃ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] KUŠ₃ 28 [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢x⸣ ITU ⸢BI KI.LAM⸣ še-im 4(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ina MURUB₄ [ITU ...] | |
| 4' | [...] 1(BARIG) 4(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ 1 PI SIG₂{hi.a} 6 [MA.NA i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR u AN ina RIN₂] | |
| 5' | [dele-bat ina] ⸢ABSIN⸣ ina TIL ITU ina RIN₂ GU₄.UD ina PA ⸢GENNA⸣ [ina GU ...] | |
| 6' | [...] ⸢LAL⸣ 28 29 1/2 KUŠ₃ GIN [...] | |
| 7' | [GAN N N] ⸢na⸣ SIG | |
| 8' | [EN.NUN ša₂ gi-ne₂]-e ša₂ TA NE EN TIL APIN ⸢MU⸣.3.KAM₂ ...] | |
| 9' | [... na]-⸢bu-u₂⸣ | |
| l.e. | ||
| 1 | [... da]-⸢ri⸣-ia-a-muš LUGAL MU-šu₂ | |
| 2 | ⸢na-bu⸣-u | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.