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AD -328 (X103280)

Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE

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DesignationAD -328
IDX103280
Museum no.Rm.845 + BM32332 + 32611
LanguageAkkadian
PeriodHellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
GenreAstronomical Diary
Find spotBabylon
Coordinates32.5434, 44.4222

English translation

By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)

LineEnglish
Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22[...] ... [... Night of the 7th, beginning of the night,the moon was ...]
Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33[... ϑ] Ophiuchi [... Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44[nn] cubits [behind β Capricorni, 1 1/2 cubits above Jupiter. Ni[ght ...]
Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55[The 15th,] sunrise to moonset: 8?° 30'. Night of the 16th, [sunset to moonrise:] 5° 10+[x]'. [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 661 1/2 cubits [in front of] η Piscium. Night of the 18th, last part of [the night, the moon was ...]
Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77clouds were in the sky. The 19th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 20th, cl[ouds ...]
Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88clouds were in the sky. The 21st, clouds were in the sky; Mercury’s [first] appearance in the west, omitted [...]
Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 991 1/2 cubits. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind the rear stars [of Cancer ...]
Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010Night of the 26th, overcast. The 26th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 27th, clouds were in the sky [...]
Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111[... fr]om morning to afternoon, mist crossed the sky. That month, the equivalent [for 1 shekel of silver was: barley, ...]
Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212[...], 4 sūtu 3 qa; mustard, 2? kur; cress, 4 sūtu; sesame, [...]
Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515[Month VI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month); ... Night of the 2nd, the moon was] 2 cubits behind β Librae [...]
Obverse [15:16] o 1616–o 1616[Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit 8 fingers [...] ϑ Ophiuchi. The 5th, [...]
Obverse [16:17] o 1717–o 1717[...] Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] in front of γ Capri[corni ...]
Obverse [17:18] o 1818–o 1818[... Night of the 15th,] sunset to moonrise: [x]+2°. Last part of the night, the moon was 2 1/2 cubits in front of [Saturn]. The 15th, [sunrise to moonset:] 9° [... Night of the 17th, last part of the night,]
Obverse [18:19] o 1919–o 1919[2/3 of the lunar disc to the no]rth, one third of the lunar disc to the south, α Tauri came out from the moon [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [19:20] o 2020–o 20201 cubit below ζ Tauri, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon [was ... γ Geminorum. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [20:21] o 2121–o 21216 cubits [below β Geminorum.] The 20th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 21st, clouds crossed the sky; last part of the night, the moon was [...] below [... Cancri ... Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [21:22] o 2222–o 22225 cubits below ε Leonis, the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, [the moon was ... ρ Leonis ... Saturn’s]
Obverse [22:23] o 2323–o 2323acronychal rising. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 16°. That month, the equivalent (for 1 shekel of silver was): barley, 1 pānu 2 sūtu 3? [qa ... dates ...]
Obverse [23:24] o 2424–o 2424in the middle of the month, 1 pānu 2 sūtu 3 qa - new, 2 pānu 1 sūtu; at the end of the month, 1 pānu 3 sūtu - new, [...]
Obverse [24:25] o 2525–o 2525At that time, Jupiter was in Capricorn; Saturn was in Aries; Venus, Mercury, and Mars, which had [set, were not visible. That month, the river level ...]
Obverse [25:27] o 2626–o 2727rose 2 cubits 8 fingers when the Pallukatu branch was blocked [...]
Obverse [26:27] o 2727–o 2727Month VII, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month); sunset to moonset: 16°; earthshine. The 4th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Libra; it was bright, [... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [27:28] o 2828–o 28282 cubits [... β Capricorni]. Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 cubit 8 [fingers] above Jupiter [... Night of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was]
Obverse [28:29] o 2929–o 29291 2/3 cubits [above δ Capricorni], the moon having passed 2/3 cubit to the east. Night of the 12th, beginning of the ni[ght, the moon was ... η Piscium.]
Obverse [29:30] o 3030–o 3030Night of the 13th, moonrise to sunset: 11°; beginning of the night, the moon was 20 fingers below Saturn [...]
Obverse [30:31] o 3131–o 3131Night of the 14th, moonrise-to-sunset and sunset-to-moonrise: zero; measured (despite) clouds; very overcast, the south wind ... [...]
Obverse [31:32] o 3232–o 3232rain so that the sandal was removed. Gusty south and east winds blew, [...]
Obverse [32:33] o 3333–o 3333[nn]+ 2/3 cubits; thunder, rain so that the sandal was removed. The 16th, overcast [...]
Obverse [33:34] o 3434–o 3434[...] gusty north wind. Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of [... Cancri ...]
Obverse [34:35] o 3535–o 3535[Night of the 20th, last part of the night,] the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Leonis. The 20th, [...]
Obverse [35:36] o 3636–o 3636[...] Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was [...] behind [β Virginis ... Night of the 24th, last part of the night,]
Obverse [36:37] o 3737–o 3737[the moon was] 1 1/2 cubits [... α Vir]ginis [...]
Reverse [0:2] r 1'r 1'–r 2'2'[Saturn was in Aries; Mars,] which had set, was not visible. That month, [...]
Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2'[Month VIII, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month); sunset to moonset: 12° 40' (expected, but because of) clouds I did not see the moon. Night [of the ... Mercury’s]
Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3'last appearance in the east in Scorpius. Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moo[n was ... Capricorni. Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon stood ... behind Jupiter]
Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4'to the east. Night of the 9th, clouds were in the sky. The 9th, clouds were in the sky [...]
Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5'Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1+[x cubits] below β Arietis [...]
Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6'clouds were in the sky. The 11th, clouds were in the sky. Night of the 12th, clouds crossed the sky [... Night of the 13th ...]
Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7'20 fingers. When the Twins culminated, two-thirds of the lunar disc to the north, one third of the lunar disc [to the south ...]
Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8'the sun set in a black cloud. Night of the 14th, moonrise to sunset: 8° 50' ; clouds, I did not watch [... the moon was]
Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9'1 cubit 4 fingers [...] ζ Tauri; very overcast. The 14th, moonset to sunrise: 4° 30'; in the m[orning, ... Night of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was] 2/3 cubit [above γ Geminorum]
Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10'the moon being 4 fingers back to the west. The 15th, sunrise to moonset: 2°; cold north wind [...]
Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11'clouds were in the sky. The 17th, in the afternoon, overcast. Night of the 18th, overcast, lightning, a little thunder, [...]
Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12'Night of the 19th, very overcast. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moon was 4 fingers in front of β Virginis [... Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was]
Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13'6 fingers [...] γ Virginis. The 21st, in the afternoon, clouds were in the sky. <Night of the 22nd,> last part of the night, [the moon was ... above α Virginis,]
Reverse [13:14] r 14'14'–r 14'14'the moon being a little back to the west. The 22nd, clouds crossed the sky. Night of the 23rd, clouds crossed the sky. The 23rd, [...]
Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15'The 24th, overcast; from morning to afternoon, slow rain, a little PISAN DIB. Ni[ght of the 25th, ...]
Reverse [15:16] r 16'16'–r 16'16'[Night of the 2]6th, first part of the night, very overcast; slow rain so that the sandal was removed. Last part of the night, the mo[on was ...]
Reverse [16:17] r 17'17'–r 17'17'The 26th, very overcast, rain, a little dew. Night of the 27th, very overcast; last part of the night, the ea[st] wind [...]
Reverse [17:18] r 18'18'–r 18'18'Night of the 28th, first part [of the night, Jupiter,] while moving back [to the east,] was [...] above γ Capri[corni ...]
Reverse [18:19] r 19'19'–r 19'19'fog, overcast [... The 2]9th, in the morning, overcast, [...]
Reverse [19:20] r 20'20'–r 20'20'at the end of the month, 2 pānu 2 sūtu [...]
Reverse [20:21] r 21'21'–r 21'21'At that time, Jupi[ter was in Capricorn; Venus was in Sagittarius, at the end of the month in Capricorn; Saturn was in Aries; Mercury and Mars, which had set, were not visible. ...]
Reverse [21:22] r 22'22'–r 22'22'The 4th and 5th, the river level [...] 4 [fingers?; the 8th and 9th, the river level [...] 4 fingers [...]
Reverse [22:23] r 23'23'–r 23'23'The 30th, the river level receded 4 fingers. That month, on the 13th, at the command of the king, [...]
Reverse [23:24] r 24'24'–r 24'24'which in the garden which is between Esangil and Eturk[alama ...]
Reverse [24:25] r 25'25'–r 25'25'they took? to that house. From the 14th to the - "broken" (on the original) [...]
Reverse [25:26] r 26'26'–r 26'26'the king’s palace they took? to that house. That month, I hea[rd that ...]
Reverse [26:28] r 27'27'–r 28'28'the chief of the troops [...] from Susa to the land of Ha[na ...]
Reverse [27:28] r 28'28'–r 28'28'Month IX, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month); sunset to moonset: 15°; measured (despite) clouds.
Reverse [28:30] r 29'29'–[Di]ary from month V to the end of month VI[II ...]
Top [0:2] t.e. 1t.e. 1–(traces)

Transliteration (ATF)

From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)

LineATFMachine English (draft)
o
1[...]
2[x x x] ⸢x x⸣ [... GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin]
3[x MUL₂]-⸢KUR⸣-ša₂-KIR₄-⸢šil⸣-[PA ... GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂]
4[N] KUŠ₃ e MUL₂.BABBAR 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...]
515 8.30 na GE₆ 16 5.10+[x GE₆ ... GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR]
6⸢ša₂⸣-DUR-nu-nu 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 18 ina ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ [sin x GENNA ...]
7⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA 19 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 20 ⸢DIR⸣ [...]
8DIR AN ZA 21 DIR AN ZA GU₄.UD ina ŠU₂ UD.DA ⸢ŠU₂⸣.[ŠU₂ DIB ...]
91 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂{me} ar₂{me} ⸢ša₂⸣ [ALLA ...]
10⸢GE₆⸣ 26 ŠU₂ 26 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 27 DIR AN ⸢ZA⸣ [...]
11[x (x)] ⸢TA⸣ še-ri₃ EN KIN.SIG a-kam₂ AN DIB ITU BI KI.⸢LAM⸣ [še-im ...]
12[x x (x)] 4(BAN₂) 3 qa ka-si 3 ⸢GUR⸣ sah-le₁₀ 4(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ [...]
13[...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...]{⸢meš⸣} [...]
14[...]
15[KIN 1 ... GE₆ 2 sin] ⸢ar₂ RIN₂-ša₂⸣-SI 2 KUŠ₃⸣ [...]
16[... GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂]-⸢KIR₄⸣-šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI 5 [...]
17[...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 9 SAG GE₆ sin ina ⸢IGI⸣ MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-[SUHUR-MAŠ₂ ...]
18[... GE₆ 15 2 GE₆ ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI [GENNA] 2 1/2 KUŠ₃ 15 9 [N na ... GE₆ 17 ...]
192/3 HAB-rat ana] ⸢SI⸣ šal-šu₂ HAB-rat ana ULU₃ is-le₁₀ TA ŠA₃ sin E₃ [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin]
20⸢SIG ŠUR⸣-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [x MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA N N GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-ar₂]
216 KUŠ₃ 20 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 21 DIR AN DIB ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG [... GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin]
22SIG SAG-UR.A 5 KUŠ₃ sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ [sin x MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL ... GENNA]
23ana ME E-a 27 16 KUR ITU BI KI.LAM še-im 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 4 [qa ... ZU₂.LUM ...]
24ina MURUB₄ ITU 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) 3 qa eš-šu₂ 2(BARIG) 1(BAN₂) ina TIL ITU 1(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) eš-šu₂ [...]
25i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina MAŠ₂ GENNA ina HUN dele-bat GU₄.UD u AN ⸢ša₂⸣ [...]
262 KUŠ₃ 8 SI ina se-ke-er ša₂ {id₂}pal-lu-kat₂ ⸢GIN⸣ [...]
27DU₆ 1 16 na AGA a-pir 4 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina RIN₂ IGI KUR ⸢x⸣ [... GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin x SI-MAŠ₂]
282 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂.BABBAR 1 KUŠ₃ 8 [SI ... GE₆ 7 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂]
291 2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB GE₆ 12 SAG ⸢GE₆⸣ [sin x MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu N N ...]
30GE₆ 13 11 ME SAG GE₆ sin SIG GENNA 20 SI ⸢x⸣ [...]
31GE₆ 14 ME u GE₆ NU TUK DIR muš ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ULU₃ ⸢x⸣ [...]
32ŠEG₃ E.SIR₂ TUH ULU₃ u KUR ŠAR₂{me} GIN{me} [...]
33[x] 2/3 KUŠ₃ GU₃ U AN E.SIR₂ TUH 16 ŠU₂ [...]
34[x] ⸢SI⸣ ŠAR₂ GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂-[x-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂ x ...]
35[GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂] sin ar₂ LUGAL 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 20 [...]
36[...] GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ⸢ar₂⸣ [GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR.A ... GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂]
37[sin x SA₄-ša₂]-⸢ABSIN⸣ 1 1/2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...]
38[...] ⸢x x x⸣ [...]
r
1'[GENNA ina HUN AN] ⸢ša₂ ŠU₂⸣-u₂ ⸢NU⸣ IGI ITU ⸢BI⸣ [...]
2'[APIN 30 12.40 na DIR sin NU IGI GE₆ [...]
3'⸢ina NIM⸣ ina GIR₂.TAB ŠU₂ ⸢GE₆⸣ 5 SAG GE₆ ⸢sin⸣ [x MUL₂-x-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ N N GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR N N]
4'ana NIM GUB GE₆ 9 DIR AN ZA 9 DIR AN ⸢ZA⸣ [...]
5'GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-HUN 1+[x ...]
6'DIR AN ZA 11 DIR AN ZA GE₆ 12 DIR AN ⸢DIB⸣ [... GE₆ 13 ...]
7'20 SI MAŠ.MAŠ ziq-pi 2/3 HAB-rat ana SI šal-šu₂ HAB-[rat ana ...]
8'šamaš₂ ina DIR GE₆ ŠU₂ GE₆ 14 8.50 ME DIR NU ⸢PAP⸣ [... sin x]
9'ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ 4 SI ŠU₂.ŠU₂ 14 4.30 ŠU₂ ina ⸢še⸣-[ri₃ ... GE₆ 15 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MAŠ.MAŠ-ša₂-SIPA]
10'2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 4 SI ana ŠU₂ LAL 15 2 na {im}SI ⸢ŠED₇⸣ [...]
11'DIR AN ZA 17 ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂ GE₆ 18 ŠU₂ GIR₂ GU₃ U i x [...]
12'GE₆ 19 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR.A 4 SI ⸢x⸣ [... GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin x]
13'DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 6 SI 21 ina KIN.SIG DIR AN ZA <GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ [sin e SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN N N]
14'i sin ana ŠU₂ LAL 22 DIR AN DIB GE₆ 23 DIR AN DIB 23 [...]
15'24 ŠU₂ TA še-ri₃ EN KIN.SIG ŠEG₃ ne-hi PISAN i DIB ⸢GE₆⸣ 25 ...]
16'[GE₆] 26 USAN ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ŠEG₃ ne-hi E.SIR₂ TUH ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [...]
17'26 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ⸢ŠEG₃⸣ na-al-⸢šu₂⸣ i GE₆ 27 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ {im}⸢KUR⸣ [...]
18'GE₆ 28 ⸢USAN⸣ [MUL₂.BABBAR ana NIM] ⸢ina⸣ LAL-šu₂ e MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-⸢SUHUR⸣-[MAŠ₂ ...]
19'IM.DUGUD ŠU₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] 29 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂ [...]
20'ina TIL ITU 2(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ⸢x⸣ [...] ⸢x⸣ [...]
21'i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.⸢BABBAR⸣ [ina MAŠ₂ dele-bat ina PA ina TIL ITU ina MAŠ₂ GENNA ina HUN GU₄.UD u AN ša₂ ŠU₂{me} NU IGI{me} ...]
22'4 5 ILLU 6 [x x] 8 9 ILLU 4 SI⸣ [...]
23'30 ILLU 4 SI⸣ LAL ITU BI U₄ 13.KAM₂ ina INIM LUGAL ⸢x⸣ [...]
24'ša₂ ina {giš}SAR ša₂ ina bi-rit E₂.SAG.GIL₂ u E₂.TUR₃.⸢KALAM⸣.[MA ...]
25'ana E₂ BI TI-u₂ TA U₄ 14.KAM₂ EN U₄ he-⸢pi₂⸣ [...]
26'E₂.GAL LUGAL ana E₂ ⸢BI⸣ TI-u₂ ITU BI al-⸢te⸣-[me ...]
27'{lu₂}GAL ki-ṣir TA {uru}šu-ša₂-an a-na mat ha-[ni-i ...]
28'GAN 1 15 na DIR muš
29'[EN.NUN] ša₂ gi-ne₂-e ša₂ TA {itu}NE EN TIL {itu}⸢APIN⸣ [...]
t.e.
1[...] ⸢x⸣ [...]
l.e.
1[EN.NUN ša₂ gi-ne₂]-e ša₂ TA {itu}NE EN TIL {itu}APIN MU 8.KAM₂ {m}a-⸢lik⸣-[sa]-⸢an⸣-dar-ri-is LUGAL ša₂ TA mat ha-ni-i

Sources & licences

Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.