AD -322A (X103221)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -322A |
|---|---|
| ID | X103221 |
| Museum no. | BM 45766 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1'1'–o 1'1' | [...] around the 7th, ... [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 2'2'–o 2'2' | [...] crossed the sky. The 8th, clouds crossed the sky; gusty south wind. Night of the 9th, be[ginning of the night, ...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 3'3'–o 3'3' | [... over]cast, rain so that the sandal was removed. The 10th, very overcast, rain shower. Night of the 11th, [...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 4'4'–o 4'4' | [... Night of the 13th,] beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits behind α Virginis [...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 5'5'–o 5'5' | [... Jupiter when] moving back to the east was 4 fingers above δ Cancri [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 6'6'–o 6'6' | [... Night of the 15th, ...] last part of the night, the moon was [...] in front of δ Scorpii [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 7'7'–o 7'7' | [...] ... in the afternoon, overcast. The 16th, sunset to moonrise: 3° 30'. [...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 8'8'–o 8'8' | [...] Night of the 18th, very overcast; last part of the night, ... [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 9'9'–o 9'9' | [...] in the afternoon, clouds crossed the sky [...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 10'10'–o 10'10' | [...] ... The 21st, clouds were in the sky ... [...] |
| Obverse [10:12] o 11'11'– | [... Mer]cury’s [first appearance] in the west in Gemini [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...t]o the end of the month, the river [level ...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [Month VI, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month, ...] Night of the 3rd, the moon was [...] in front of δ Scorpii [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [... Ni]ght of the 5th, beginning <of the night>, the moon was [...] behind ϑ Ophiuchi [...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... Night of the 11th, last part of the night, Ven]us was 4 cubits below ϑ Leonis. Night of the 12th, first part of the night, Mars was [...] above [ϑ Ophiuchi] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... Night] of the 13th, [moonrise to sunset: 3°]. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 2°. Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: 4° 30'; last part of the night, the moon was [...] be[low α Arietis ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [... la]st part of the night, Venus was 1 finger above β Virginis, it came close. Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moo[n was ... β/ζ Tauri ...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...] cubits. The 18th, equinox; I did not watch. Night of the 19th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits in front of α Geminorum; the north wind [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [... the m]oon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east, above Saturn 1 2/3 cubits, the moon being 2/3 cubit back to the west. The 21st, overcast; in the morning, clouds [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 2/3 cubits [above?] ρ Leonis, it stood 1 1/2 cubits in front of Jupiter to the west. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moo[n was ...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit [behind] β Virginis. The 25th, in the morning, overcast. Night of the 26th, last part of the night, the moon was 20 fingers behind γ Virginis ... [...] |
| Reverse [11:12] r 12'12'–r 12'12' | [... The 27th,] moonrise to sunrise: 16°. Night of the 28th, last part of the night, Venus was 1/2 cubit below γ Virginis, Venus having passed 4 fingers to the east. The 28th, ... [...] |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [... solar eclipse ...] when it began to clear on the no[rth-ea]st side, at 9° daytime a little more than 2 fingers remained to clear; 5 [...] |
| Reverse [14:15] r 15'15'–r 15'15' | [...] for 1 shekel of sil[ver ...] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢in 7 x x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢AN⸣ DIB 8 DIR AN DIB ULU₃ ŠAR₂ GE₆ 9 ⸢SAG⸣ [GE₆ ...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢ŠU₂⸣ AN še-ni TUH 10 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ AN UTAH GE₆ 11 [...] | |
| 4' | [... GE₆ 13 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-ABSIN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 5' | [... MUL₂.BABBAR ana] ⸢NIM⸣ ina LAL-šu₂ e MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ 4 ⸢SI⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆ 15 ...] U₄.ZAL sin ina IGI MUL₂-MURUB₄-ša₂-SAG.KI-GIR₂.TAB [N N ...] | |
| 7' | [...] ⸢x⸣ ina KIN.SIG ŠU₂ 16 3.30 GE₆ [...] | |
| 8' | [...] GE₆ 18 ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ina ZALAG₂ ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 9' | [...] ina KIN.SIG DIR AN DIB [...] | |
| 10' | [...]⸢DIB⸣ 21 DIR AN ZA ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... GU₄].UD ina ŠU₂ ina ⸢MAŠ.MAŠ⸣ [IGI ...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢EN TIL ITU ILLU⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...]-ʾu | |
| 3' | [KIN 1 ...] GE₆ 3 sin ina IGI MUL₂-MURUB₄-ša₂-SAG-GIR₂.⸢TAB⸣ [N N ...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢GE₆⸣ 5 SAG <GE₆> sin ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-tah-PA.BIL [N N ...] | |
| 5' | [... GE₆ 11 ina ZALAG₂ dele]-⸢bat⸣ SIG GIŠ.KUN-UR.A 4 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 12 USAN AN e [MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-tah-PA.BIL N N] | |
| 6' | [... GE₆] 13 3 ME] 13 2 na GE₆ 14 4.30 GE₆ ina ZALAG₂ sin ⸢SIG⸣ [MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN N N ...] | |
| 7' | [... ina] ⸢ZALAG₂⸣ dele-bat e GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-UR.A 1 SI TE GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [... ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂ ...] | |
| 8' | [...] KUŠ₃ 18 LAL₂-tim NU PAP GE₆ 19 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MAŠ.MAŠ-IGI 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ SI [...] | |
| 9' | [... GE₆ 21 ...] ⸢sin⸣ 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ⸢NIM DIB e GENNA⸣ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL 21 ŠU₂ ina še-ri₃ DIR [...] | |
| 10' | [... GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin e MUL₂]-⸢TUR-ša₂-4-KUŠ₃-ar₂-LUGAL⸣ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ ina IGI MUL₂.BABBAR 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ GUB GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [... GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ GIR₃-ar₂]-ša₂-A 1 KUŠ₃ 25 ina še-ri₃ ŠU₂ GE₆ 26 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 20 SI ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 12' | [... 27 16 KUR GE₆ 28 ina ZALAG₂ dele-bat SIG DELE-ša₂-IGI-ABSIN 1/2 KUŠ₃ dele-bat 4 SI ana NIM DIB 28 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 13' | [...] ⸢A₂ SI⸣ [u] ⸢KUR⸣ ana ZALAG₂ ki TAB-u₂ ina 9 UŠ ME al-la 2 SI i ana ZALAG₂ TAG₄ 5 ⸢x⸣ [...] | |
| 14' | [...] x [x x] | |
| 15' | [... a]-⸢na⸣ 1 GIN₂ KU₃.[BABBAR SUM ...] | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.