AD -309 (X103090)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -309 |
|---|---|
| ID | X103090 |
| Museum no. | BM 40591 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [... M]onth V, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month); sunset to moonset: 13°? 40'; overcast, gusty wind. Ni[ght ...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [... cl]ouds were in the sky. Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] below β Librae [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | [... Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit 8 fingers [above β] Scorpii, the moon [having passed] 8 fingers [to the east ...] |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [Night of the 6th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 2 cubits [in front of ϑ Ophi]uchi. The 6th, gusty wind. Night of the 7th, beginning [of the night, ...] |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | [... Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was] 1 2/3 cubits [...] γ Capricorni. Night of the 14th, [...] |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | [... Night of the 17th, ...] ... 8 fingers; last part of the night, the moon was [...] below β Arietis [...] |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [...] gusty [wind]. Night of the 21st, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind ζ Tauri. Ni[ght? ...] |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [...] the moon having passed 1/2 cubit to the east. [Night] of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was [...] below δ Cancri [...] |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [Jupiter’s first appearance in the beginning of Virgo; ...] (ideal) first appearance on the 23rd. Panic came about in the land. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, [the moo]n? was [...] in front? of [ε Leonis ...] |
| Obverse [9:10] o 1010–o 1010 | [...] ... a meteor which was very bright and had a tail [...] from ... [...] |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | [...] of the month, 4 sūtu 2 qa; from the 20th to the end of the month, barley and da[tes ...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [...] he? took illegally; mustard, 1 kur; cress, [...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [... At] that time, Jupiter’s first appearance on the 24th in the beginning of Virgo; Venus was in Leo; [...] |
| Obverse [13:15] o 1414–o 1515 | [...] the troops of Antigonos fought in [...] |
| Obverse [14:15] o 1515–o 1515 | [Month VI, ...] Night of the 3rd, the moon was [...] in front of β Scorpii [...] |
| Obverse [15:17] o 1616– | [... Night of the 4th, beginn]ing of the night, the moon was 5 [cubits] above α Scorpii [...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] ...; last part of the night, the moon was in front of ... [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [...] gusty [wi]nd. Night of the 20th, overcast, rain shower; [...] very overcast. Ni[ght ...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] ... The 21st, Mercury’s [last appearance] in the east [in Sagittarius?]; the sun [...] in a black cloud. [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit behind β Librae. Night of the 20+[xth, ...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [... cu]bits. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 16°; in the after[noon, ...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [...] in the beginning of the month, 3 sūtu, at the end of the mon[th, ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [...; wool, x]+1 mina, at the end of the month, 1 1/2 minas. [...] |
| Reverse [7:10] r 8'8'– | [...] to the 25th, it receded 20 fingers [...] |
| Reverse [8:10] r 11'11'– | [...] king [Alexand]er, son of Alexander; Seleucus was g[eneral.] |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | [..., year 7 of Alexande]r, son of Alexander; Seleucus was g[eneral.] |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [...] {⸢itu⸣}NE 30 13 40 na ŠU₂ IM⸣ ŠAR₂ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 2 | [...] ⸢DIR⸣ AN ZA GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin ⸢SIG⸣ [RIN₂]-ša₂-[SI N N ...] | |
| 3 | [... GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-e]-⸢ša₂⸣-SAG-GIR₂.TAB 1 KUŠ₃ 8 SI sin 8 ⸢SI⸣ [ana NIM DIB ...] | |
| 4 | [GE₆ 6 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄]-⸢šil-tah⸣-PA 2 KUŠ₃ 6 IM ŠAR₂ GE₆ 7 SAG [GE₆ ...] | |
| 5 | [... GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ...] ⸢MUL₂-IGI⸣-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 14 [...] | |
| 6 | [... GE₆ 17 ...] ⸢ULU₃ 8 SI ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SAG-⸢HUN⸣ [...] | |
| 7 | [... IM] ŠAR₂ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 KUŠ₃ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 8 | [...] sin 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM DIB [GE₆] 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-[ALLA-ša₂-ULU₃ N N ...] | |
| 9 | [MUL₂.BABBAR ina SAG ABSIN IGI N na-su in] 23 IGI hat-tu₄ ina KUR GAR-an GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ ina IGI [SAG-A N N ...] | |
| 10 | [... x]+1 MUL₂ GAL ša₂ ma-gal KUR u meš-hi TUK-u₂ ⸢TA MUL⸣ x [...] | |
| 11 | [...] ⸢ITU 4(BAN₂) 2 qa TA 20 EN TIL ITU še-im u ⸢ZU₂⸣ [...] | |
| 12 | [...] ina piš-ki TI-qi₂ ka-si 1 GUR sah-le₁₀ [...] | |
| 13 | [... i]-⸢nu⸣-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 24 ina SAG ABSIN IGI dele-bat ina UR.⸢A⸣ [...] | |
| 14 | [...] {lu₂}ERIN₂{meš} {m}an-ti-gu-nu-su ṣal-tu₄ ina ⸢URU⸣ [...] | |
| 15 | [...] GE₆ 3 sin ina IGI MUL₂-e-ša₂-SAG-⸢GIR₂.TAB⸣ [...] | |
| 16 | [... GE₆ 4 ⸢SAG GE₆⸣ sin e ⸢SI₄⸣ 5 [KUŠ₃ ...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢DIB ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI x⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [...] ⸢IM⸣ ŠAR₂ GE₆ 20 ŠU₂ AN UTAH [x x x] ŠU₂.ŠU₂ ⸢GE₆⸣ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] x TE 21 GU₄.UD ina ⸢NIM⸣ [ina x ŠU₂] šamaš₂ ina DIR GE₆ [...] | |
| 4' | [...]⸢GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ ⸢RIN₂⸣-ša₂-SI 2/3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 10+[x ...] | |
| 5' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 27 16 KUR ina KIN.⸢SIG⸣ [...] | |
| 6' | [...] ina SAG ITU 3(BAN₂) ina TIL ⸢ITU⸣ [...] | |
| 7' | [...]+1 ma ina TIL ITU 1 1/2 ma [...] | |
| 8' | [...] EN 25 20 SI ⸢LAL⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | [MU 7.KAM₂ {m}a-lik-sa-an]-⸢dar⸣ LUGAL ⸢A⸣ {[m}KI.MIN {m}se-lu]-ku {⸢lu₂⸣}[GAL ERIN₂{meš]} | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | [MU 7.KAM₂ {m}a-lik-sa-an]-⸢dar⸣ LUGAL A {m}KI.MIN {m}se-lu-⸢ku {lu₂⸣}[GAL ERIN₂{meš]} | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.