AD -288 (X102880)
Astronomical Diary, Hellenistic, Babylon · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | AD -288 |
|---|---|
| ID | X102880 |
| Museum no. | BM 35023 |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Astronomical Diary |
| Find spot | Babylon |
| Coordinates | 32.5434, 44.4222 |
English translation
By ORACC project adsd/adart1 · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Obverse [0:1] o 1o 1–o 1o 1 | [Year 23,] kings [Seleucus and Anti]ochus. Month VII, (the 1st of which was identical with) the 30th (of the preceding month), sunset to moonset: 16°. Night of the 2nd, the moon was 2+[x cubits?] in front of the head of the Scorpion [...] |
| Obverse [1:2] o 22–o 22 | [...] Night of the 4th, beginning of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits above ϑ Ophiuchi. The 5th, equinox; [I did not watch?. Night?] of the 6th [...] |
| Obverse [2:3] o 33–o 33 | [... Night] of the 7th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind β Capricorni. Night of the 8th, beginning of the night, the moon was 6 fingers below δ Capricorni. |
| Obverse [3:4] o 44–o 44 | [...] Night of the 14th, sunset to moonrise: 5° 30'; I did not watch. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 12°; I did not watch. Night of the 15th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind η Tauri. The 15th, Venus' |
| Obverse [4:5] o 55–o 55 | [first appearance] in the west [in Scorpius ...] cubits. The 17th, Mercury’s first appearance in the east in Libra; I did not watch. Night of the 18th, middle part of the night, the moon was 8 fingers below μ Geminorum. Night of the 21st, |
| Obverse [5:6] o 66–o 66 | [...] cubits. Around the 21st, when Jupiter became stationary in the east, it became stationary in Cancer. Night of the 22nd, last part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits in front of α Leonis. |
| Obverse [6:7] o 77–o 77 | [... Night of the 23rd, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit [behind ρ Leo]nis. Night of the 24th, last part of the night, the moon was [x]+1 cubits in front of β Vir[ginis. Night of the 25th, last part of the night, the moon stood 2 cubits in front of Saturn to the [west]. |
| Obverse [7:8] o 88–o 88 | [...] cubits. Night of the 27th, last part of the night, the moon stood 2 cubits in front of Jupiter to the west. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 24°. That month, the equivalent (of 1 shekel of silver was): barley, |
| Obverse [8:9] o 99–o 99 | [... x]+1 pānu; sesame, 2 sūtu; wool, 3 minas. At that time, Jupiter was in Cancer; Venus and Mercury were in Libra, at the end of the month, in Scorpius; |
| Obverse [9:11] o 1010–o 1111 | [Saturn was in Virgo; Mars was in Scorpius, at the end] of the month, in Capricorn. That month, the river level receded 4 fingers, total: 37 was the na (gauge). |
| Obverse [10:11] o 1111–o 1111 | [Month VIII, the 1st (of which followed the 30th of the preceding month), ... Night of the 4th, the moon] stood 1 1/2 cubits in front of Mars to the east(error for: west). Night of the 5th, beginning of the night, the moon was 2/3 cubit in front of γ Capricorni [...] |
| Obverse [11:12] o 1212–o 1212 | [... Night of the 10th, beginning of the night, the m]oon was 3 1/2 cubits below η Piscium, the moon being 2/3 cubit back to the west. Night of the 11th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] bel[ow α Arietis ...] |
| Obverse [12:13] o 1313–o 1313 | [... Night of the 13th, beginning of the ni]ght, the moon was 1 cubit in front of α Tauri. The 13th, sunrise to moonset: 2°; clouds, I did not watch. Night of the 14th, [...] |
| Obverse [13:14] o 1414–o 1414 | [...] Night of the 17th, last part of the night, the moon was 1 cubit behind Jupiter [...] |
| Obverse [14:16] o 1515– | [...] cubits. Night of the 20th, last part of the night, the moo[n was ...] |
| Reverse [0:1] r 1'r 1'–r 1'r 1' | [...] first part of the night, Jupiter was [...] below α Geminorum [...] |
| Reverse [1:2] r 2'2'–r 2'2' | [... was surrounded by a halo,] its [door] was open to the south. Night of the 8th, overcast. Night of the 9th, beginning of the night, [...] |
| Reverse [2:3] r 3'3'–r 3'3' | [...] ... Night of the 12th, beginning of the night, the moon was 3 cubits behind β Virginis. Night of the 13th, [...] |
| Reverse [3:4] r 4'4'–r 4'4' | [...] stood to the east. The 13th, moonset to sunrise: 8° 30' (expected); I did not watch. Night of the 14th, beginning of the night, the moon was [...] behind α Virgi[nis ...] |
| Reverse [4:5] r 5'5'–r 5'5' | [...] cubits. The 14th, sunrise to moonset: 3°; measured. Night of the 15th, moonrise to sunset: 4°; measured; last part of the night, the moon was 1 1/2 cubits above α Librae. Night of the 16th, ... [...] |
| Reverse [5:6] r 6'6'–r 6'6' | [... Mercury’s first appearance in the west in Aries, ... ] (ideal) first appearance on the 13th. The 16th, overcast. Night of the 17th, first part of the night, Venus was 2 cubits 8 fingers above ζ Tauri; last part of the night, the m[oon was ... behind α Scorpii ...] |
| Reverse [6:7] r 7'7'–r 7'7' | [... Night of the 18th, last part of the night, the moon was] 1 cubit behind ϑ Ophiuchi. Night of the 21st, first part of the night, the moon was 2 cubits behind β Capricorni. Night of the 22nd, [...] |
| Reverse [7:8] r 8'8'–r 8'8' | [...; last part of the night, the moon was ... below δ Capricorni, the moo]n having passed 4 fingers to the east. Night of the 24th, first part of the night, Venus was 1 2/3 cubits above η Geminorum. [...] |
| Reverse [8:9] r 9'9'–r 9'9' | [... Venus] was 1 2/3 cubits above μ Geminorum. The 27th, moonrise to sunrise: 14°. Night of the 28th, first part of the night, [...] |
| Reverse [9:10] r 10'10'–r 10'10' | [... the equivalent (of 1 shekel of silver was): bar]ley, 3 pānu 2 sūtu; dates, 3 pānu 3 sūtu; mustard, 1 pānu 2 sūtu; cress, 1 pānu 5 sūtu; sesame, 3 sūtu; wool, [...] |
| Reverse [10:11] r 11'11'–r 11'11' | [... Venus] was in Taurus, at the end of the month, in Gemini; Mercury was in Aries, at the end of the month, in Taurus; Saturn was in Virgo; Mars, which had set, was not visible. |
| Reverse [11:13] r 12'12'–r 13'13' | [... the river level] rose [nn] cubits 8 fingers, total: 7 was the na (gauge). |
| Reverse [12:13] r 13'13'–r 13'13' | [...] year 23. |
| Reverse [13:15] r 14'14'– | [...] to the end of month XII₂, kings Seleucus and Antiochus. |
| Top [0:1] t.e. 1t.e. 1–t.e. 1t.e. 1 | [...] year 23. |
| Top [1:2] t.e. 22–t.e. 22 | [... month X]II₂, kings Seleucus and Antiochus. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| o | ||
| 1 | [MU 23.KAM₂ {m}se-lu-ku u {m}an-ti]-⸢ʾu⸣-uk-su LUGAL{meš} DU₆ 30 16 na GE₆ 2 sin ina IGI SAG GIR₂.TAB 2+[...] | |
| 2 | [...] GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin e MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ 5 LAL₂-tim [NU PAP GE₆] 6 [...] | |
| 3 | [... GE₆] 7 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 8 SAG GE₆ sin SIG MUL₂-⸢ar₂⸣-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 6 U | |
| 4 | [...] GE₆ 14 5.30 GE₆ NU PAP 14 12 na NU PAP GE₆ 15 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂.MUL₂ 1 KUŠ₃ 15 dele-bat ina ŠU₂ | |
| 5 | [ina GIR₂.TAB IGI ...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 17 GU₄.UD ina NIM ina RIN₂ IGI NU PAP GE₆ 18 MURUB₄ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 8 U GE₆ 21 | |
| 6 | [...] KUŠ₃ in EN 21 MUL₂.BABBAR ana NIM ki UŠ-u₂ ina ALLA UŠ GE₆ 22 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI LUGAL 2 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ | |
| 7 | [... GE₆ 23 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂-TUR-ša₂-4-⸢KUŠ₃⸣-ar₂-LUGAL 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 24 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GIR₃-[ar₂-ša₂-A x]+1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 25 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI GENNA 2 KUŠ₃ ana [ŠU₂] ⸢GUB⸣ | |
| 8 | [...] KUŠ₃ GE₆ 27 ina ZALAG₂ sin ina IGI MUL₂.⸢BABBAR⸣ 2 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ ⸢GUB 27 24 KUR ITU BI KI.LAM še-im 0 | |
| 9 | [... x]+1 PI ŠE.GIŠ 2(BAN₂) SIG₂{hi.a} 3 MA.NA i-nu-šu₂ MUL₂.BABBAR ina ALLA dele-bat u GU₄.UD ina RIN₂ ina TIL ITU ⸢ina GIR₂.TAB⸣ | |
| 10 | [GENNA ina ABSIN AN ina PA ina TIL] ITU ina MAŠ₂ ITU BI ILLU 4 SI LAL PAP 37 na | |
| 11 | [APIN 1 ... GE₆ 4 SAG GE₆ sin] ina IGI AN 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ ana NIM GUB GE₆ 5 SAG GE₆ sin ina IGI MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ 2/3 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 12 | [... GE₆ 10 SAG GE₆] ⸢sin⸣ SIG MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-DUR-nu-nu 3 1/2 KUŠ₃ sin 2/3 KUŠ₃ ana ŠU₂ LAL GE₆ 11 SAG GE₆ sin ⸢SIG⸣ [MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SAG-HUN N N ...] | |
| 13 | [... GE₆ 13 SAG] ⸢GE₆⸣ sin ina IGI is-le₁₀ 1 KUŠ₃ 13 2 na DIR NU PAP GE₆ 14 [...] | |
| 14 | [...] GE₆ 17 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ MUL₂.BABBAR 1 ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ [...] | |
| 15 | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ GE₆ 20 ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [...] | |
| r | ||
| 1' | [...] ⸢USAN⸣ MUL₂.BABBAR SIG MAŠ.MAŠ-⸢IGI⸣ [...] | |
| 2' | [... TUR₃ NIGIN KA₂]-⸢šu₂⸣ ana ULU₃ BAD GE₆ 8 ŠU₂ GE₆ 9 SAG GE₆ [...] | |
| 3' | [...] ⸢x⸣ GE₆ 12 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ GIR₃-ar₂-ša₂-A 3 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 13 [...] | |
| 4' | [...] ⸢ana NIM GUB 13 8.30 ŠU₂ NU PAP GE₆ 14 SAG GE₆ sin ar₂ SA₄-ša₂-⸢ABSIN⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | [...] ⸢KUŠ₃⸣ 14 3 na muš GE₆ 15 4 ME muš ina ZALAG₂ sin e RIN₂-ša₂-ULU₃ 1 1/2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 16 x [...] | |
| 6' | [...] in 13 IGI 16 ŠU₂ GE₆ 17 USAN dele-bat e ŠUR-GIGIR-ša₂-ULU₃ 2 KUŠ₃ 8 U ina ZALAG₂ ⸢sin⸣ [ar₂ SI₄ ...] | |
| 7' | [... GE₆ 18 ina ZALAG₂ sin] ar₂ MUL₂-KUR-ša₂-KIR₄-šil-PA 1 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 21 ina ZALAG₂ sin ar₂ SI-MAŠ₂ 2 KUŠ₃ GE₆ 22 [...] | |
| 8' | [... ina ZALAG₂ sin SIG MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-SUHUR-MAŠ₂ N N] ⸢sin⸣ 4 SI ana NIM DIB GE₆ 24 USAN dele-bat e MUL₂-IGI-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ [...] | |
| 9' | [... dele-bat] ⸢e⸣ MUL₂-ar₂-ša₂-še-pit₂-MAŠ.MAŠ 1 2/3 KUŠ₃ 27 14 KUR GE₆ 28 USAN [...] | |
| 10' | [... KI.LAM še]-im 3(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) ZU₂.LUM 3(BARIG) 3(BAN₂) kas₃ 1(BARIG) 2(BAN₂) sah-le₁₀ 1(BARIG) 5(BAN₂) ŠE.GIŠ 3(BAN₂) SIG₂{[hi.a} ...] | |
| 11' | [... dele-bat] ⸢ina⸣ MUL₂.MUL₂ ina TIL ITU ina MAŠ.MAŠ GU₄.UD ina HUN ina TIL ITU ina MUL₂.MUL₂ GENNA ina ABSIN ⸢AN ša₂ ŠU₂-u NU IGI⸣ | |
| 12' | [... N] KUŠ₃ 8 SI GIN PAP 7 na | |
| 13' | [...] MU 23 | |
| 14' | [...] EN TIL DIR.ŠE {m}se-lu-ku u {m}an-ti-ʾu-uk-su LUGAL{meš} | |
| t.e. | ||
| 1 | [...] MU 23 | |
| 2 | [...] ⸢DIR⸣.ŠE {m}se-lu-ku u {m}an-ti-ʾu-uk-su LUGAL{meš} | |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.