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Gilgameš and the bull of heaven (Q000362)
Literary, Old Babylonian, Nippur · c. 1900 BCE–1600 BCE
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| Designation | Gilgameš and the bull of heaven |
|---|---|
| ID | Q000362 |
| Language | Sumerian |
| Period | Old Babylonian · c. 1900 BCE–1600 BCE |
| Genre | Literary |
| Find spot | Nippur |
| Coordinates | 32.1271, 45.2300 |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
Machine draft. The right-hand column is machine English from ixmon/atf-to-english (atf-en-t5base-F, 2026-10-17), generated line by line from the transliteration. It is unreviewed and is not a scholarly translation.
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| Ver.1, Seg.A, | ||
| 1 | šul me₃-ka šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to utter an arazu prayer to him in the midst of battle, in the middle of battle |
| 2 | en {d}gilgameš₂ šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | Lord Gilgamesh, I want to praise his heroic acts |
| 3 | a₂-ur₂ sag₉-sag₉ šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to praise the beautiful limbs, the strength of battle |
| 4 | en TUR kalag-kalag-ga šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to praise the lord, the mighty young man, the hero of battle |
| 5 | en {na₄}su₁₁ ku₁₀-ku₁₀ šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to praise the lord of the darkened šû-stone, the hero of battle. |
| 6 | ŋešba₂ lirum x X x šul me₃-ka en-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to say “I want to ride a boat of ... in the battle.'" |
| 7 | lugal šul ama X x | mighty king, mother ... |
| 8 | lugal-ŋu₁₀ X X X x | Lugal-[......] |
| 9 | en-ŋu₁₀ {ŋiš}kiri₆ {ŋiš}za-ba-lum x | Enbu, orchardist, orzabalum priest |
| 10 | kisal X X x URU X x | the courtyard , the city |
| 11 | ŋi₆-par₄ x | the Ipar |
| A | x x X en-e ama ugu-ni gu₃ mu-na-de₂ | ... the lord spoke to his mother who bore him. |
| B | lugal-ŋu₁₀ id₂-da ed₃ NI sahar šu X x | Lugal-bu, in the river, the river ... dust |
| Š | en-ŋu₁₀ {ŋiš}kiri₆-zu ed₃ NI X x | Enbu, your orchard ... the steppe |
| D | x saŋ-tun₃ BURU₁₄-ni x | ... the harvest |
| E | x X IM X x | ... ... |
| Ver.1, Seg.B, | ||
| 1 | x X X x | |
| 2 | x x NE kisal X x | ... courtyard ... |
| 3 | kisal mah-a me₃ nu-me-a lu₂ x | In the great courtyard, where battle is not present, ... |
| 4 | x x e₂-la₂-e e₂-la₂-e igi mu-un-x | The ... of the house, the house ... |
| 5 | kug {d}inana-ke₄ e₂-la₂-e igi mu-un-x | Holy Inana looked at the Ela temple |
| 6 | e₂-gal abzu-ta e₂-la₂-e x igi mu-un-ba-x | From the palace of the Abzu ... |
| 7 | am-ŋu₁₀ lu₂-ŋu₁₀ |ME.EN.NE.EN| šu nu-ri-bar-re | Wild bull, wild bull, hand of Nuribara |
| 8 | en {d}gilgameš₂ am-ŋu₁₀ lu₂-ŋu₁₀ NE šu nu-ri-bar-re | Lord Gilgamesh, he is a bull, a man ... a hand that cannot be shaken |
| 9 | e₂-an-na-ka di kud-de₃ šu nu-ri-bar-re | In the Eana a lawsuit is fought, the hand is not to be drawn |
| 10 | ŋi₆-par₄ kug-ŋa₂ ka-aš bar-re šu nu-ri-bar-re | The Ipar, the silver that is to be poured out, the hand that is not to be released |
| 11 | e₂-an-na an-ne₂ ki aŋ₂ di kud-de₃ šu nu-ri-bar-re | The Eanna, the place where justice is difficult, the hand of Nuribara |
| 12 | {d}gilgameš₂ za-e u₃-NE he₂-me-en za-e gud he₂-e | Gilgamesh, you may be a ..., you might be an ox. |
| 13 | niŋ₂-ba {d}inana ŋi₆-par₄-zu-še₃ nam-ba-ni-ku₄-ku₄ | Inana, do not enter into your ‘Ippar.’ |
| 14 | {d}nin-e₂-gal a₂ nam-ur-saŋ-ŋa₂-ke₄-eš₂ nam-bi-ši-X | Ninegala should not ... the strength of heroism |
| 15 | {d}inana nin e-sir₂-ŋu₁₀ za-e nam-ba-ni-in-TAR | Inana, lady of the Esirbu temple, you should not approach. |
| 16 | gud kur-ra ga-an-dug₄ tur₃-ba ga-am₃-mi-ib-si | I want to plow the oxen of the netherworld and fill its stall. |
| 17 | udu kur-ra ga-an-dug₄ amaš-ba ga-am₃-mi-ib-si | I want to praise the sheep of the mountain, I will fill the sheepfold with them |
| kug {na₄}gug i₃-ŋar i-sur-sur-me-eš GA U₅ nam-X-X DAR | The silver (and) carnelian they shall weigh out and ... | |
| 19 | in-nin₉-e gu₃ ba-an-de₂ KA-ni ba-an-pa-an | The lady shouted, she opened her mouth. |
| 20 | {d}inana-ke₄ gu₃ ba-de₂ KA-ni ba-an-pa-an | Inana cried out and opened her mouth. |
| x X NE TA za-e MA i-ra-an-dug₄ AB | ... you will be satisfied. | |
| x X NE TA za-ra ma-ra-an-dug₄ AB | ... was satisfied for you. | |
| 23 | x X-gin₇ nu-du₃ {d}gilgameš₂ | Gilgamesh did not build like a ... |
| 24 | x X x X X | |
| 25 | x HA x X | ...; |
| 26 | x X X HA RA X X X X NE | ... ... |
| 27 | x RA X tug₂-da-a | ... cloth |
| 28 | x BI ib-ta-ni-in-ŋar | ... he smote |
| 29 | X x | |
| 30 | X x | |
| 31 | šag₄-bi x | Its interior ... |
| 32 | kuš-bi x | Its leather |
| 33 | uš₂-bi X X x | Its roots |
| 34 | x bi₂-in-x | he ... |
| 35 | {d}inana-ke₄ a ši-im-lu-lu šurum i₃-X x X | Inana, alas, abundance ... |
| 36 | an-ne₂ ki aŋ₂-ŋu₁₀ SU na-ba-x | An ... the earth |
| 37 | gi-dur im-ma-ni-in-dab₅ an x | He seized the reed mat, heaven ... |
| lu₂-tur-ŋu₁₀ a-ba-kam a ši-lu₃-lu₃-e id₂ X šurum x a-na-aš-am₃ | The child-bearing one, who is it that will make the water plentiful? ... what ...? | |
| 39 | gud gal šu bar-ra unug{ki}-ga X x | Great bull, hand of the outside of Uruk |
| 40 | gud gal {d}gilgameš₂ šu bar-ra unug{ki} ba₉-re₆ | Great bull Gilgamesh, hand of Uruk was carried off. |
| 41 | mu ni₂-ŋa₂ nu-mu-na-ab-ze₂-ŋe₂₆ | he will not give him a name of himself. |
| 42 | a ši-im-lu₃-lu₃-e šurum gur₄-gur₄-re | Woe, Ši’imlulu, the young man, he made it grow! |
| 43 | a-a-ŋu₁₀ gud an-na ha-ma-ze₂-eŋ₃-e x | May the father, the bull of heaven, ... |
| 44 | en ga-mu-un-ug₅-ga en ga-mu-un-ug₅-ga | I want to kill the en priestess, I want [to kill] the lord. |
| 45 | en {d}gilgameš₂ en ga-mu-un-ug₅-ga | Lord Gilgamesh, I will kill the lord |
| 46 | an gal-e kug {d}inana-ke₄ mu-na-ni-ib₂-gi-gi₄ | Great An answered holy Inana: |
| 47 | lu₂-tur-ŋu₁₀ gud an-na u₂-gu₇-bi in-nu an-ur₂-ra u₂-gu₇-bi-im | The little one eats the oxen of heaven, he lies down in the lap of heaven. |
| 48 | ki-sikil {d}inana gud an-na ki {d}utu e₃-a-še₃ u₂ im-da-gu₇-e | The maiden Inana, the ox of heaven and earth who came out of Utu, eats grass. |
| 49 | za-e gud an-na nu-mu-e-da-ab-ze₂-eŋ₃-en | You, the bull of heaven, do not give it to me! |
| 50 | kug {d}inana-ke₄ gu₂ mu-na-ni-ib₂-gi-gi | The silver of Inana he returned to him. |
| 51 | ŋe₂₆-e gu₃ ba-de₂-e-en an ki-še₃ a-ba-da-te | “You have screamed, heaven and earth have approached. |
| 52 | ni₂ ba-da-an-te ni₂ ba-da-an-te | He approached me, he approached me. |
| 52A | X inana ni₂ ba-da-an-te | ... approached with fear. |
| 53 | an gal kug {d}inana-ke₄ mu-na-ni-ib₂-gi-gi | Great An, holy Inana replied to him: |
| 54 | gud an-na hu-mu-na-ab-ze₂-ŋe₂₆ | May he give him the ox of heaven. |
| a | x gu₃ an-e ba-te gu₃ ki-še₃ ba-te | ... approached heaven, approached earth. |
| b | x X X gu₃ an-e ba-te gu₃ ki-še₃ ba-te | ... approached heaven, approached earth. |
| š | x tug₂-gin₇ im-mi-in-dul gada-gin₇ im-mi-in-bur₂ | She covered it like a garment, she spread it out like linen. |
| x X a-ba-a in-na-an-dug₄ in-na-an-il₂ | ... who will praise him, who will raise him up? | |
| e | x a-ba-a in-na-an-dug₄ | Who will listen to ...? |
| f | x šum₂ | Hand of |
| 55 | ki-sikil {d}inana nam-nitah-gin₇ saman za-gin₃-na šu ba-ni-in-du₈ | The maiden Inana, like a malevolent man, adorned her hands with lapis lazuli. |
| kug {d}inana-ke₄ gud an-na an-ta-e₃ im-ta-an-ed₃ | The silver of Inana brought out the oxen of heaven from above. | |
| 57 | gud unug{ki}-ga-ke₄ u₂ mu-gu₇-e | The cattle of Uruk eat grass. |
| id₂ a-ŋi₆ lu-a a i₃-na₈-na₈ uru₁₆ | The river ... drinking water, the city. | |
| id₂ a-ŋi₆ lu-a gaba 1 danna{na}-ta ib₂-sa₂ šag₄-bi nu-si-si uru₁₆ | The river, a flood, from one side to the other, its banks were not irrigated, it was flooding | |
| 60 | u₂ mu-un-gu₇-e ki im-sig₉-ge | He eats food and makes the earth tremble. |
| 61 | {ŋiš}ŋišnimbar unug{ki}-ga al-kud-de₃ ka-bi-še₃ i₃-gur-gur | In order to punish Uruk, he turned to its mouth. |
| 62 | gud gub-ba unug{ki}-e im-si | standing oxen in Uruk he filled. |
| gud an-na ni₂-a-ni kul-aba₄{ki} im-si mu-ni | The ox of heaven, his own, filled Kulaba with tears, his name | |
| 64 | nar-a-ni x | his singer ; |
| 65 | igi il₂-a-ni x | his raised eye ... |
| 66 | gam-gam-ma-ni x | his ... |
| 67 | NI KA LU E x | ... man ... |
| 67A | ud-ba en {d}gilgameš₂ x nar-a-ni x | At that time, the lord Gilgamesh, his singer |
| A | {d}gilgameš₂ nar-a-ni lugal-gaba-ŋal₂ mu-na-x | For Gilgamesh his hero Lugal-gaba-bal |
| B | nar-ŋu₁₀ sa-zu si-bi₂-ib x naŋ-i₃ x | The singer ... your horn ... |
| Š | zabar šu-za x X NI X x | The bronze in your hand |
| D | nar-a-ni x X x | his singer |
| E | x lugal-gaba-ŋal₂ x X X mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄ | Lugal-gaba-bal ... replied to him: |
| F | x lugal-gaba-ŋal₂ sa-zu si-ni-ib a ga-an-na₈-na₈-an | ... Lugal-gaba-bal: Sit down, I want to drink water. |
| G | x X naŋ-a inim-bi-še₃ niŋ₂-nam-me-zu nu-ŋal₂ | ... does not carry your own words |
| H | x lugal-gaba-ŋal₂ mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄ | ... Lugal-gaba-bal replied to him: |
| Ŋ | x X-še₃ IM GA x | ... ... |
| K | x igi im-ma-ni-in-sig₁₀ | ... looked at him. |
| L | x X-še₃ ba-ni-in-x | ... he ... |
| M | x-na₈-na₈-en en x | ... I want to drink ... |
| N | x X i₃-na₈-na₈-en x | ... I drink ... |
| O | x an-ta-an-e₃ x | ... rises ... |
| P | x u₂ X x | ... ; |
| R | x X x | |
| x E DI x ki | ... ... | |
| T | x AL | [x], AL; |
| V | x unug{ki} x | Uruk |
| 68 | en {d}gilgameš₂ x | Lord Gilgamesh |
| 69 | inana gud an-na x | Inana, bull of heaven ... |
| 70 | gud unug{ki} x | ox of Uruk |
| 71 | id₂ a-ŋi₆ lu a na₈-na₈ | May the river drink water! |
| 72 | id₂ a-ŋi₆ lu danna{na}-ta-am₃ ib₂-si šag₄-bi nu-si-si | The river, like a distant river, is filled with floods, its shores are not filled with water |
| 73 | u₂ mu-gu₇-e ki im-sig₉-ge-e | He eats food, he makes the earth happy. |
| 73A | nin-ni x | his mistress |
| 73B | {d}gilgameš₂ x | Gilgamesh |
| 73Š | ama-ŋu₁₀ EN ME x | My mother, lord ... |
| 73D | nin₉-ŋu₁₀ e₂-a x | The sister in the house ... |
| 73E | gud dur₂-bi-še₃ i-im-ma-x | He ... the ox in its stall |
| 73F | udu dur₂-bi-še₃ i-im-ma-x | ... sheep |
| kaš dur₂-bi-še₃ he₂-em-x dur₂-bi šu | May he ... its throne with beer. | |
| 73H | {d}gilgameš₂ X x | Gilgamesh |
| 73Ŋ | gud an-na u₃ za-e x | The bull of heaven, you ... |
| 73K | u₃ za-e nu-ub-sig₁₀-ge x | And you are not good ... |
| 73L | {d}gilgameš₂ x | Gilgamesh |
| 74 | x X X X šaŋan x x X | ... ... |
| 75 | x X x mu-na-ni-ib₂-gi-gi | ... he returns for him. |
| 76 | x lu₂ X X X X x-ne-ne | ... men ... |
| 77 | x X mu-na-ni-ib₂-gi-gi | ... he returns for him. |
| 78 | šaŋan a X-ru ga-x | ... šaban |
| 79 | ad₆-zu sila sig₉-ga he₂-en-šub | May your cattle pen stand in a good street |
| 80 | šag₄-mah-zu sila daŋal-la he₂-en-šub | May your greatness stand in the street. |
| 81 | kuš-zu su-si-ig-ga-aš he₂-en-šub | May your sandals stand on their soles |
| 82 | uzu-zu dumu nu-mu-un-su-a-ke₄ dumu iri-ke₄ x {ŋiš}dusu-ta ga-am₃-ta-ha-la x | The one who does not have a child, the child of the city, I want to add ... from the dust. |
| 83 | si-zu 2(MIN)-a-bi šaŋan i₃ dug₃-ga-še₃ {d}inana-ra e₂-an-na-še₃ ga-mu-na-an-ŋar | Its 2nd part is a šaban of good oil for Inana in the Eanna. |
| 84 | inana bad₃ igi mu-ni-la₂ | Inana looked at the wall. |
| 85 | gud-de₃ sahar-ra gu₃ bi₂-in-dug₄ | The ox cried out in the dust. |
| 86 | en {d}gilgameš₂ saŋ-du-ta i₃-du | the lord Gilgamesh went out from the netherworld. |
| 87 | en-ki-du₁₀ dur lib-ba-na x ba-an-ed₃ | Enkidu ... his heart. |
| 88 | dumu iri-na mu-un-da-ni-re₇-eš-am₃ amar ŋiš nu-zu sahar ba-e-ne-ši-dul₅ | They went with the citizens of his city, they did not know calfs, they covered them in dust. |
| en-ki-du₁₀ eŋer gud-da-še₃ im-mi-gub x ka mu-un-niŋin₂ x u₃-bi₂-in-sig₁₀ kun-bi im-ma-an-dab₅ | Enkidu stood before the oxen in the Eber. He opened his mouth ... and seized its tail. | |
| 90 | lugal-a-ni-ir {d}gilgameš₂-ra gu₃ mu-na-de₂-e | He spoke to his king Gilgamesh: |
| 91 | i₃-a lum-lum u₃-luh-ha sud-sud | “Let the lumlum and uluhhu-diseases be undone! |
| 92 | dumu-gir₁₅ giri₁₇-zal diŋir-re-ne | The girdling sons, the joy of the intertwined ones |
| 93 | gud lipiš-tuku me₃-a gub-ba | Standing in battle with a wild bull |
| 94 | en gal {d}gilgameš₂ unug{ki} bi₂-in-dug₄-ga | the great lord Gilgamesh, who has satisfied Uruk |
| 95 | ama-zu dumu u₃-tud-da mah-bi he₂-em-zu | May your mother, the child born by you, know its greatness. |
| 96 | emeda(|UM.ME|)-ga-la₂-zu dumu-ra ga-ba mah-bi he₂-em-zu | May your nursemaid know that she is a great child. |
| 96A | en dumu-gir₁₅ AN X x | Lord, son of ..., |
| 97 | ni₂ na-teŋ₃-ŋe₂₆ ur-saŋ-ŋa₂ usu nu-tuku ni₂-te-a-ni | The fear of heroism, who has no strength, is her fear. |
| 98 | ki a-ra₂ gen₆-na x X X X X x | Where for how long ...? |
| 99 | {urud}ha-zi-in x | a hazin axe |
| 100 | gud-de₃ x | to ... the oxen |
| 101 | gud an-na x | The bull of heaven ... |
| 102 | a-gin₇ x | How ... |
| 103 | HAR X x | a ring |
| Ver.2, Seg.A, | ||
| 1 | šul me₃-kam šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to say “Alas, it is a battle, the battle is an awe-inspiring battle‽ |
| 2 | en {d}gilgameš₂ šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | Lord Gilgamesh, I want to speak of his heroic acts |
| 3 | en su ku₁₀-ku₁₀ šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to praise the lord, the one who darkens the skin, the leader of battle. |
| 4 | a₂-ur₂ sag₉-sag₉ šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to praise the beautiful limbs, the strength of battle. |
| 5 | UL-nir-ma šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | UL-nirma, the leader of battle, I want to speak! |
| 6 | niŋ₂-erim₂ du₇-du₇ šul me₃-kam in-du-ni ga-an-dug₄ | I want to say “I want to make perfect the evildoer, the leader of battle, come! |
| 7 | lugal-e en-e ama ugu-ne-ra A₂ KAL IŠ ta-a-ni-x id₂-da NAŊA-de₃ | The king, the lord, to his own mother ... |
| 8 | en-ŋu₁₀ {ŋiš}kiri₆ {ŋiš}za-ba-al-še₃ kur₉-NE kiŋ₂-a-zu-ne | Enbu, when you go to the orchards and the meadows |
| 9 | en ŋi₆-par₄-ta udu nir-ra-am₃ siki am₃-ze₂ SAR-SAR | The lord of the ŋipar is a wild sheep ... |
| 10 | KAL saŋ-ŋa₂-ke₄ dur₂ bi-ŋar ZI-gin₇ ŠEN NE-na | (If) it is surrounded by a halo, it stretches like a net. |
| 11 | lugal-e ZI-gin₇ ŠEN NE-na gi-sal-la gu₂ gur₂ | The king, like a ... reed mat, laid low! |
| 12 | nun gi-sal-la gi lum-lum-ma-gin₇ x x X mu-ši-ib-šu₂ | Prince, like a shining reed, ... is his voice |
| 13 | niŋ₂-erim₂-bi za-e ŠEN-gin₇ X x X-šu₂ | You, like a bēl-demon |
| 14 | ama ugu-ne-ra DI NA mu-un-x-na-šum₂ | The mother who bore him ... |
| 15 | kisal daŋal-la x | The courtyard of Dabala ... |
| 16 | {d}gilgameš₂ ŋiš buluŋ₃ X x | Gilgameš, the lion, the bull |
| 17 | KA gul-gul-e NE x | The one who destroys ... |
| 18 | kisal mah-e KIŊ₂ A x | The supreme courtyard ... |
| 19 | ud-bi-a e₂-la₂-e x | At that time, the Elaean ... |
| 20 | kug {d}inana-ke₄ e₂-la₂-e igi mu-un-bar | She looked at holy Inana in the temple |
| 21 | e₂ abzuₓ(DE₂)-ta e₂-la₂-e igi mu-un-bar | From the Abzu he looked at the house. |
| 22 | am-ŋu₁₀ lu-ŋu₁₀ IM MA NI TA x šu nu-ri-bar-re | Woe, woe ... ... nūrī-barre |
| 23 | {d}gilgameš₂ IM MA NI TA x šu nu-ri-bar-re | Gilgamesh |
| 24 | e₂-an-na-ŋu₁₀ di kud-de₃ šu nu-ri-bar-re | The Eanna temple is to be judged, the hand should not be drawn. |
| 25 | ŋi₆-par₄ gu₂-ŋu₁₀ kaš bar-re šu nu-ri-bar-re | The “Ipar, the throne-bearer, the one who pours out beer, who does not release his hand |
| 26 | e₂-an-na an-na ki aŋ₂ di kud-de₃ šu nu-ri-bar-re | The Eana, heaven and earth, the place where judgments are difficult, the hand of Nuribara |
| 27 | {d}gilgameš₂ za-e x IM MA NI TA ŋe₂₆-e x IM MA NI TA | Gilgamesh, you ... |
| 28 | lugal-e ka-ga₁₄-ne x | The king, in his mouth |
| 29 | lugal-e ama ugu-ne-ra x | The king ... for his own mother. |
| 30 | {d}gilgameš₂ {d}nin-sumunₓ(EŠ₂) X x | Gilgamesh, Ninsumun |
| 31 | ama ugu-ŋu₁₀ en-gin₇ uzu X x | Like a birth mother ... |
| 32 | {ŋiš}ig abula-ke₄ X x | The door of the gate |
| 33 | suh₁₀ bad₃-ke₄ x ŋar-ŋar x | The guards of the wall ... |
| 34 | am-ŋu₁₀ lu-ŋu₁₀ IM MA NI TA x šu nu-mu-ni-bar-re | Woe, woe ... he does not release his hand |
| 35 | {d}gilgameš₂ IM MA NI TA x šu nu-mu-ni-bar-re | Gilgamesh ... does not release his hand |
| 36 | e₂-an-na-ŋu₁₀ di mu-un-kud-de₃ šu nu-mu-ni-bar-re | The Eanna judged, she did not render a verdict |
| 37 | ŋi₆-par₄ gu₂-ŋu₁₀ kaš mu-un-bar-re šu nu-mu-ni-bar-re | He pours beer in the ipar, he does not pour his hand. |
| 38 | e₂-an-na an-na x ki aŋ₂-a-ni | The Eana, the ... of heaven, his place |
| 39 | {d}gilgameš₂ za-e me₃ x IM MA NI TA ŋe₂₆-e KA GA IM MA NI TA | Gilgamesh, you ... battle ... |
| 40 | ama ugu-ne-ra ur₅-gin₇ mu-un-na-ab-be₂-ak-ka | When he speaks to his birth mother, |
| 41 | ama ugu-ne {d}gilgameš₂-ra mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄-gi₄ | The mother who bore him replied to Gilgamesh: |
| Ver.2, Seg.B, | ||
| 1 | kug {d}inana x | Holy Inana |
| 2 | an-e x | heaven ... |
| 3 | dur an-na X x | ... of heaven ... |
| 4 | an-e kug {d}inana-ra x-e | An ... holy Inana |
| 5 | lu₂-tur-ŋu₁₀ x-e | The little one ... |
| 6 | {d}inana x-gi₄-gi₄ | Inana, turn back |
| 7 | AN x-a | ...; |
| 8 | x-a | ...; |
| 9 | x-be₂ | ..., |
| 10 | x-e | ..., |
| 11 | x NE | [Month V, ...] |
| 12 | x X MU | ... year |
| 13 | x gi | ... reed |
| x IB LA x U₂ | ... ... | |
| 15 | x-gu₇-e | to eat |
| x X X gi gi₄ | ... turn back! | |
| 17 | x X-ab-be₂ | ... says. |
| 18 | x X sag₃ | scattered ... |
| 19 | x gud mu-ra-ra X | ... for you ... |
| 20 | x X šum₂-mu | ... of the future |
| 21 | x šum₂-mu | ... grass |
| 22 | x X | |
| 23 | x X | |
| 24 | x-gu₇-e | to eat |
| 25 | x-gu₇-e | to eat |
| Ver.2, Seg.C, | ||
| 1 | x BI X x | ... |
| 2 | x X naŋ x | ... ; |
| 3 | x X gu₂ mu-un-x | ... ... |
| 4 | x mu-un-na-te X x | he approached |
| 5 | x-ga igi im-ma-an-sig₁₀ | He looked at the ... |
| Ver.2, Seg.D, | ||
| 1 | x X x | |
| 2 | x X X TUG₂ ba-ni-x | ... garment ... |
| 3 | x a naŋ x | ... ; |
| 4 | x X X X X X X x | |
| 5 | nar-ŋu₁₀ lugal-gaba-ŋar en₃-du-zu da-ga-ab sa-a-zu si-bi₂-ib | The singer, Lugalgababar, may your song be uttered, may it be sung. |
| 6 | kaš mu-un-naŋ zabar sila₃ gi₄-bi-ib x | He pours beer, ... the bronze sila drum |
| 7 | lugal-gaba-ŋar {d}gilgameš₂ lugal-a-ni-ra gu₃ mu-na-ni-ib-gi₄ | Lugalgababar spoke to Gilgamesh his master: |
| 8 | lugal-ŋu₁₀ za-e u₂ da-an-gu₇-e za-e a da-an-na₈-na₈ | “Lugalbu, you should eat food! You should drink water! |
| 9 | ŋe₂₆-e inim-bi a-na-am₃ mu-x | What is its word? |
| 10 | gud-e ra-ra-de₃ x | To ... the ox ... |
| 11 | {d}gilgameš₂ gud-e ra-ra-de₃ x | Gilgamesh, to chase the ox, |
| 12 | ib₂-ba-ru 50 ma-na-am₃ x | Its weight is 50 minas. |
| 13 | ŋiri₂ 7 gu₂-un 30 ma-na-am₃ x | 7 talents 30 minas ... |
| 14 | ha-zi-in X X x | he is frightened . |
| 15 | ama ugu-ŋu₁₀ x | the mother who bore me |
| 16 | nin₉-a-ni X x | his sister ... |
| 17 | ama ugu-ni x | His birth mother ... |
| 18 | {d}peš₃-tur nin₉ ban₃-da x | Peštur, the younger sister, |
| 19 | {d}gilgameš₂ AN X x | Gilgamesh |
| 20 | ama ugu-ŋu₁₀ e₂ {d}en-ki X x | The mother who bore me, the house of Enki |
| 21 | {d}peš₃-tur nin₉ ban₃-da e₂-a-ni x | “Peštur, the younger sister, his house |
| 22 | gud dur-be₂-eš i-in-gi x | The oxen of the durbeš are returned |
| 23 | udu dur-be₂-eš i-in-gi x | sheep of Urbeš, returned |
| 24 | gud an-na za-e za-e x | You are the bull of heaven, you are ... |
| 25 | u₃ za-e ba-an-ze₂-ge-eš x | And if you are to grant it |
| 26 | u₃ ŋe₂₆-e ba-an-ze₂-ge-eš x | and they have been given over |
| 27 | tukum-bi ba-an-ze₂-ge x | If he gives it back ... |
| 28 | kuš-zu sila-še₃ he₂-em-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | May your sandals be placed in the street |
| 29 | šag₄-mah-zu sila daŋal-la he₂-em-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | May your greatness be present in the streets. |
| 30 | uzu-zu dumu mu-un-su iri-ŋa₂-ke₄-ne {ŋiš}dusu-ta he₂-em-ta-ba-e-ne | Your flesh is a child, they shall take it away from the city. |
| 31 | kuš-zu su-sig-še₃ he₂-em-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | May your skin be covered with a cloth |
| 32 | si-zu 2(MIN)-ab₂-bi šaŋan i₃ dug₃-ga-še₃ {d}inana-ra e₂-an-na-ka he₂-em-ta-bal-e | Your 2nd horn is a šaban-vessel filled with good oil for Inana in the Eanna. |
| 33 | gud-e sahar-ra x | The ox in the dust ... |
| 34 | {d}gilgameš₂ x | Gilgamesh |
| 35 | {d}en-ki-du₃ x | Enkidu |
| 36 | dumu iri{ki}-na x | son of his city |
| 37 | amar ŋeštug₂-zu-gin₇ sahar-ra X X x | Like your calf in the dust |
| 38 | {d}en-ki-du₃ saŋ gud-kam bi-ib-gub en {d}gilgameš₂ gu₂ mu-un-na-de₂-a X | Enkidu stood at the threshing floor, the lord Gilgamesh stood by him |
| 39 | ia₄ lum-lum u₂-luh-ha sud-sud | “Lead me to a bright place, a luluhhu-vessel! |
| 40 | dumu-gir₁₅ giri₁₇-zal diŋir-re-e-ne | The girdling sons, the joy of the intertwined ones |
| 41 | gud lipiš šag₄ tuku me₃ an-gub-ba | The ox, the one who has a heart, standing in battle |
| 42 | ur-saŋ X X X-ŋu₁₀-ne-še₃ šu-zu šu mu-ni-x | The hero ... your hand ... |
| 43 | lu₂-ulu₃ X x | A man ... |
| lu₂-ulu₃ X x lu₂ iri | A man ... a man of the city | |
| 45 | {d}en-ki-du {d}gilgameš₂-ra ur₅-gin₇ hu-mu-un-na-ab-e₂-ak-ke₄ | Enkidu and Gilgamesh shall do as he pleases. |
| 46 | {d}gilgameš₂ ha-zi-in 7 gu₂-un-am₃ ugu-bi e-ne ba-an-sag₃ | Gilgamesh, the mayor, weighed out seven talents (of silver) over it. |
| 47 | gud-e saŋ il₂-la il₂-la im-ma-ab-dirig | He made the oxen rise high, he made them rise high. |
| 48 | im-gin₇ mu-lu₃-lu₃ buru₁₄-gin₇ im-šu₂-šu₂ | Like a flood, it rains like the harvest |
| 49 | lugal-e muhaldim gal nu-me-a ŋiri₂ šu-ni ba-an-dab₅ | The king, without a great cook, seized his hand. |
| 50 | {d}inana-ke₄ zag dib-ba ba-an-sag₃ tum₁₂-gur₄{mušen}-gin₇ ba-an-dal-dal bad₃-bi i₃-gul-e | Inana trembled at the side, flying like a horned eagle, and destroyed its walls. |
| 51 | lugal-e saŋ gud-kam bi₂-in-gub er₂ gig i₃-šeₓ(|IGI×A|)-šeₓ(|IGI×A|) | The king set up the oxen net and wept bitter tears. |
| 52 | ur₅-ra-ta ŋe₂₆-e mu-un-da-gul-e ur₅-ra-am₃ i₃-kiŋ₂-de₃ | After he has destroyed it in a storm, he is to go back to the desert. |
| 53 | bi₂-in-dug₄-ga-gi-na | had satisfied him, |
| 54 | kuš-bi sila-še₃ im-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | Its skin was put on the street |
| 55 | šag₄-mah-bi sila daŋal-la im-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | Its great reed-beds are laid out in the streets |
| 56 | uzu-bi dumu nu-mu-un-su iri{ki}-na-ke₄-ne {ŋiš}dusu-ta he₂-em-ta-ba-e-ne | Its meat did not have a child, the people of his city seized it with a shovel. |
| 57 | kuš-bi su-si-ig-še₃ im-ma-ab-šum₂-mu | Its skin was covered with a bandage |
| 58 | si-bi 2(MIN)-a-bi {ŋiš}šaŋan i₃ dug₃-ga-ke₄ kug {d}inana-ke₄ e₂-an-na-ke₄ he₂-em-ta-da-bal-e | Its two horns, a šaban-vessel of good oil, and the holy inana-drum of the Eanna shall carry off. |
| 59 | gud an-na ug₅-ga kug {d}inana-ke₄ za₃-mi₂-zu dug₃-ga | The ox of heaven, the dead one, holy Inana, your praise is sweet |
| Ver.3, Seg.A, | ||
| 1 | a ŋi₆-par₃ x si-ki x | water from the Ipar canal ... wool |
| 2 | {ŋiš}U₃ dub-saŋ-ŋa₂-kam dur₂ bi-in-ŋar | He sat on the throne of the tablet. |
| 3 | sug-ga ŋal₂-la-a-bi | Its “suĝ-disease-demon" (šumma ālu 31 unknown) is a flood. |
| 4 | lugal-ŋu₁₀ sug-ga ŋal₂-la-a-bi {ŋiš}ŋisal-a gu₂ gur-de₃ | “Lugal-bu’a, the šug-priestess, the one who has been carried off, to bend over |
| 5 | mu-un {ŋiš}ŋisal gi lum-lum-ma-a-gin₇ a-a hu-mu-ri-ib₂-šum₂ | Like a reed thicket, may the father make it grow for you |
| 6 | niŋ₂ dirig-bi gazi AM₃ GAN U₆-gin₇ MA a-a hu-mu-ri-ib₂-šum₂ | (Sum) Its majestic radiance, like a black cloud, may it not be forgotten (Akk) May its majestic aura, like an eerie cloud, be forgotten |
| 7 | kisal daŋal X e₂ {d}inana-ka | in the courtyard of the ... temple of Inana |
| 8 | {d}gilgameš₂ ŋiš buluŋ₃ X NAM X ŠU x hu-mu-ni-in-x | Gilgameš, ..., the gate ... |
| 9 | lugal-ŋu₁₀ {ŋiš}kiri₆ zabalam x | Lugal-bu, orchardist of Zabalam |
| 10 | ku₄-ku₄ kiŋ₂-ŋa₂-zu-ne | when you enter, |
| 11 | a ŋi₆-par₃-ra-kam u₆-du nin X si-ki A SU ni₃-si₂₃ | “Alas, it is the Ipar, the beautiful one, the lady ... |
| 12 | {ŋiš}U₃ dub-saŋ-ŋa₂-kam dur₂ bi-in-ŋar sug-ga-a mu-ni-in-la₂ | It is the first tablet of the balaŋ composition šuba. He sat down in the marshes. |
| 13 | lugal-ŋu₁₀ sug-ga mu-ni-in-la₂ {ŋiš}ŋisal-a gu₂ ni₃-gur | Lugal-bu, he stretched out a scepter in the marshes. |
| 14 | mu-un {ŋiš}ŋisal-a gi lum-lum-ma-a-gin₇ a-a hu-mu-na-ab-šum₂ | Like a reed thicket, may the father make it grow for him |
| 15 | niŋ₂ dirig-bi gazi AM₃ GAN U₆-gin₇ MA a-a hu-mu-na-ab-šum₂ | Its majestic radiance is like a sunset - may it not come near to him! |
| Ver.3, Seg.B, | ||
| 1 | niŋ₂-ba {d}inana ŋi₆-par₃-ra | Inana of the Ipar, |
| 2 | nam-ba-ni-in-ku₄-ku₄ | do not enter! |
| 3 | x x a₂ nam-ur-saŋ-ŋa₂-ŋu₁₀ | the strength of heroism |
| 4 | tug₂ nam-i₃-dul-e | cloth for the idul ritual |
Sources & licences
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-18.