RIME 3/2.01.01.20 (Laws of Ur-Namma) composite (P432130)
Official or display, Ur III, Nippur · c. 2100 BCE–2000 BCE
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| Designation | RIME 3/2.01.01.20 (Laws of Ur-Namma) composite |
|---|---|
| ID | P432130 |
| Language | Sumerian |
| Period | Ur III · c. 2100 BCE–2000 BCE |
| Genre | Official or display |
| Find spot | Nippur (mod. Nuffar) |
| Coordinates | 32.1271, 45.2300 |
English translation
By Foxvog, Daniel A. · Via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI (reuse with citation)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| surface a 1 | To Enlil, |
| surface a 2 | the king of all the lands, |
| surface a 3 | a statue of Ur-Namma, |
| surface a 4 | the strong man, |
| surface a 5 | king of Ur |
| surface a 6 | king of Sumer |
| surface a 7 | and Akkad, |
| surface a 8 | whose stone |
| surface a 9 | is diorite, |
| surface a 10 | I, Ur-Namma, |
| surface a 11 | the strong man, |
| surface a 12 | king of Ur |
| surface a 13 | and king of Sumer and Akkad, |
| surface a 14 | when the temple of Nanna |
| surface a 15 | my master I built, |
| surface a 16 | and the boats of Magan, |
| surface a 17 | by the true verdict |
| surface a 18 | of Utu, to his control |
| surface a 19 | I returned, |
| surface a 20 | I dedicated it to him. |
| surface a 21 | At that time, |
| surface a 22 | within the temple of Enlil |
| surface a 23 | my master, |
| surface a 24 | for the statue of Ur-Namma |
| surface a 25 | a monthly food offering of |
| surface a 26 | 90 gur of barley, |
| surface a 27 | 30 sheep, |
| surface a 28 | and 30 sila3 of ghee, |
| surface a 29 | as regular offerings |
| surface a 30 | I established there for him. |
| surface a 31 | When An |
| surface a 32 | and Enlil |
| surface a 33 | to Nanna |
| surface a 34 | the kingship of Ur |
| surface a 35 | did grant, |
| surface a 36 | at that time, for me, Ur-Namma, |
| surface a 37 | the son born |
| surface a 38 | of Ninsuna, |
| surface a 39 | her house-born slave |
| surface a 40 | beloved, |
| surface a 41 | according to his justice, |
| surface a 42 | according to his righteousness, |
| surface a 43 | the orders(?) were issued(?), |
| surface a 44 | and the kingship |
| surface a 45 | of Ur |
| surface a 46 | was given to him. |
| surface a 49 | 2 ... |
| surface a 50 | 2 ... |
| surface a 71 | By the might of Nanna |
| surface a 72 | my master, |
| surface a 73 | its seven gates |
| surface a 74 | I(?) opened. |
| surface a 75 | Namḫani |
| surface a 76 | to governor |
| surface a 77 | of Lagaš |
| surface a 78 | I elevated. |
| surface a 79 | To the ki-sar-ra |
| surface a 80 | the Magan ships |
| surface a 81 | of Nanna, |
| surface a 82 | by the might of Nanna |
| surface a 83 | my master, |
| surface a 84 | I returned. |
| surface a 85 | In Ur |
| surface a 86 | I made them shine. |
| surface a 87 | At that time, |
| surface a 88 | for fields select (officials) |
| surface a 89 | there were; |
| surface a 90 | for long-distance trade |
| surface a 91 | chief boat captains |
| surface a 92 | there were; |
| surface a 93 | the chief herdsmen |
| surface a 94 | for those who take cattle, take sheep, |
| surface a 95 | or take donkeys |
| surface a 96 | there were. |
| surface a 103 | At that time, |
| surface a 104 | I, Ur-Namma, |
| surface a 105 | the strong man, |
| surface a 106 | king of Ur |
| surface a 107 | and king of Sumer and Akkad, |
| surface a 108 | by the might of Nanna |
| surface a 109 | my master, |
| surface a 110 | and by the lawful command |
| surface a 111 | of Utu, |
| surface a 112 | justice |
| surface a 113 | in the country I did indeed establish. |
| surface a 116 | I returned to their own control. |
| surface a 117 | Long-distance trade |
| surface a 118 | (independent? from) the chief sea-captains, |
| surface a 119 | the chief herdsmen, |
| surface a 120 | (independent? from) those who take cattle, take sheep, |
| surface a 121 | or take donkeys, |
| surface a 122 | and the Akkadians and foreigners |
| surface a 123 | in Sumer and Akkad, |
| surface a 124 | I returned to their own control. |
| surface a 125 | At that time, |
| surface a 126 | Umma, |
| surface a 127a | Marad, |
| surface a 127b | GIRkal, |
| surface a 128a | Kazallu |
| surface a 128b | and Maškan-pî, |
| surface a 129 | and Uṣarum, |
| surface a 130a | upon which in Anšan |
| surface a 130b | servitude was being imposed, |
| surface a 131 | by the might of Nanna |
| surface a 132 | my master, |
| surface a 133 | their freedom |
| surface a 134 | I established. |
| surface a 135 | A copper bariga vessel |
| surface a 136 | I set up, |
| surface a 137 | and as 60 sila3 I standardized it. |
| surface a 138 | A copper ban2 vessel I fashioned, |
| surface a 139 | and as 10 sila3 I standardized it. |
| surface a 140 | A just royal ban2 |
| surface a 141 | I fashioned, |
| surface a 142 | and as 6 (ban2, in a barig measure) I standardized it. |
| surface a 143 | A 1 sila3 bronze (measure) |
| surface a 144 | I fashioned, |
| surface a 145 | and as 1 mina |
| surface a 146 | I standardized it. |
| surface a 147 | A 1 shekel of silver stone (weight) |
| surface a 148 | all the way up to a 1 mina (weight) |
| surface a 149 | I standardized. |
| surface a 150 | At that time, |
| surface a 151 | on the banks of the Tigris, |
| surface a 152 | on the banks of the Euphrates, |
| surface a 153 | and on the banks of all the rivers, |
| surface a 154 | nidba offerings, ..., |
| surface a 155 | and first-fruits and heart’s-desire offerings |
| surface a 157 | I offered there. |
| surface a 158 | Orchards |
| surface a 159 | I planted there, |
| surface a 160 | ... (vacat) |
| surface a 161 | and royal gardeners had charge of them. |
| surface a 162 | The orphan to the rich man |
| surface a 163 | should not be made subordinate; |
| surface a 164 | the widow to the powerful man |
| surface a 165 | should not be made subordinate; |
| surface a 166 | the man of 1 shekel |
| surface a 167 | to the man of 1 mina |
| surface a 168 | should not be made subordinate; |
| surface a 169 | the man of 1 sheep |
| surface a 170 | to the man of 1 ox |
| surface a 171 | should not be made subordinate. |
| surface a 172 | All my generals, |
| surface a 173 | my mother, my sister(s) and brothers, |
| surface a 174 | and all my relatives |
| surface a 175 | did indeed advise me. |
| surface a 176 | Upon their orders |
| surface a 176a | I do not tread, |
| surface a 176b | and toil I did not set upon them. |
| surface a 177 | Evil, |
| surface a 178 | violence, |
| surface a 179 | and complaint I made disappear; |
| surface a 180 | justice |
| surface a 181 | I established in the country. |
| surface a 181.a | At that time: If a man |
| surface a 182 | has committed murder, |
| surface a 183 | that man is to be killed. |
| surface a 184 | If a man |
| surface a 185 | has acted like a robber, he shall be killed. |
| surface a 186 | If a man |
| surface a 187 | has made someone into a captive, |
| surface a 188 | that man shall stay in jail |
| surface a 189 | and pay 15 shekels of silver. |
| surface a 190 | If a male slave |
| surface a 191 | has married a female slave whom he desires, |
| surface a 192 | and that male slave is set free, |
| surface a 193 | she may not leave the household. |
| surface a 194 | If a slave |
| surface a 195 | has married a free(d) citizen, |
| surface a 196 | and 1 son under his master |
| surface a 197 | he makes serve, |
| surface a 198 | the son which under his master |
| surface a 199 | he had to make serve: |
| surface a 200 | of the goods of his father’s estate |
| surface a 201 | 1/2 of them, and his father’s physical house he shall share. |
| surface a 202 | A son of a free(d) (female) citizen without a master’s agreement |
| surface a 203 | into one of his slaves |
| surface a 204 | shall not be made. |
| surface a 205 | If |
| surface a 206 | a young man’s (prospective) wife, not yet brought into a household, |
| surface a 207 | has been treated deceitfully by someone, |
| surface a 208 | and he has brought her into (his) household, |
| surface a 209 | that man shall be killed. |
| surface a 210 | If |
| surface a 211 | a young man’s (prospective) wife |
| surface a 212 | of her own free will |
| surface a 213 | has gone after another man |
| surface a 214 | and he has lain in her lap, |
| surface a 215 | and that woman |
| surface a 216 | is killed by the man (her fiancé), |
| surface a 217 | that man’s |
| surface a 218 | freedom |
| surface a 219 | shall be established. |
| surface a 220 | If |
| surface a 221 | a man’s female slave |
| surface a 222 | not yet brought into a household |
| surface a 223 | has been seductively(?) |
| surface a 224 | treated by (another) man, |
| surface a 225 | and he has brought her into a household, |
| surface a 226 | that man |
| surface a 227 | 5 shekels of silver |
| surface a 228 | shall pay. |
| surface a 229 | If a man |
| surface a 230 | his equal-ranking wife |
| surface a 231 | divorces, |
| surface a 232 | 1 mina of silver |
| surface a 233 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 234 | If |
| surface a 235 | a (previous) widow |
| surface a 236 | he divorces, |
| surface a 237 | 1/2 mina of silver |
| surface a 238 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 239 | If |
| surface a 240 | for the widow |
| surface a 241 | a contractual document |
| surface a 242 | is lacking, |
| surface a 243 | and the man in her lap |
| surface a 244 | has lain, |
| surface a 245 | he shall not pay any silver. |
| surface a 246 | ... (vacat) |
| surface a 247 | If |
| surface a 248 | an eriš-dingir priestess |
| surface a 249 | in ... a man in the lap |
| surface a 250 | ... has lain, |
| surface a 251 | but he did not know(?) it, that man |
| surface a 253 | If |
| surface a 254 | of witchcraft(?) |
| surface a 255 | one man has another man |
| surface a 256 | accused, |
| surface a 257 | and to the Ordeal River |
| surface a 258 | he has the man brought, |
| surface a 259 | and the Ordeal River |
| surface a 260 | has then cleared him, |
| surface a 261 | the man who brings him |
| surface a 262 | 3 shekels of silver |
| surface a 263 | shall pay. |
| surface a 264 | If |
| surface a 265 | a young man’s wife |
| surface a 266 | of in a lap |
| surface a 267 | having lain |
| surface a 268 | a man has accused, |
| surface a 269 | but the River |
| surface a 270 | having cleared him, |
| surface a 271 | the man who accused her |
| surface a 272 | 1/3rd mina of silver |
| surface a 273 | shall pay. |
| surface a 274 | If |
| surface a 275 | a son-in-law |
| surface a 276 | into the house of his father-in-law |
| surface a 277 | has entered, |
| surface a 278 | but the father-in-law |
| surface a 279 | afterwards |
| surface a 280 | to another man ... |
| surface a 281 | has given her away, |
| surface a 282 | the wedding gifts, |
| surface a 283 | twofold, |
| surface a 284 | he shall give to him. |
| surface a 285 | If |
| surface a 287a | a female or male slave |
| surface a 287b | has escaped, |
| surface a 288 | and the border of her town |
| surface a 289 | she has crossed over, |
| surface a 290 | and someone has turned her in, |
| surface a 291 | the owner of the slave |
| surface a 292 | to the man who turned her in |
| surface a 293 | 2 shekels of silver |
| surface a 294 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 295 | If |
| surface a 296 | a bone |
| surface a 297 | his ... |
| surface a 298 | a man has cut, |
| surface a 299 | 10 shekels of silver |
| surface a 300 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 301 | If |
| surface a 302 | one man against another |
| surface a 303 | with a weapon |
| surface a 304 | his ... bone |
| surface a 305 | has broken, |
| surface a 306 | 1 mina of silver |
| surface a 307 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 308 | If |
| surface a 309 | one man against another |
| surface a 310 | through a fistfight |
| surface a 311 | has cut off his nose, |
| surface a 312 | 2/3rd mina of silver |
| surface a 313 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 314 | If |
| surface a 315 | with a ... |
| surface a 316 | a bone |
| surface a 317 | he has ..., |
| surface a 318 | 2 shekels of silver |
| surface a 319 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 320 | If through a fistfight |
| surface a 321 | one man the skull of another man |
| surface a 322 | has split open |
| surface a 323 | with something like a weapon, 1/3rd mina |
| surface a 324 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 325 | If through a fistfight |
| surface a 326 | one man the skull of another man |
| surface a 327 | has split open, |
| surface a 328 | he shall be beaten with 180 lashes. |
| surface a 329 | If someone’s eye |
| surface a 330 | a man makes fall out, |
| surface a 331 | he shall pay 1/2 mina. |
| surface a 332 | If a man |
| surface a 333 | breaks another man’s tooth, |
| surface a 334 | he shall pay 1/2 mina. |
| surface a 335 | If a slave |
| surface a 336 | has struck a free(d) citizen, |
| surface a 337 | when half his head hair has been shaved off, |
| surface a 338 | he shall be paraded around the town. |
| surface a 339 | If a free(d) citizen |
| surface a 340 | has beaten a slave, |
| surface a 341 | 60 (times) with a strap and 60 (times) with a belt |
| surface a 342 | he shall be beaten. |
| surface a 343 | If |
| surface a 344 | a man has died, |
| surface a 345 | and his wife to her father-in-law’s (house) |
| surface a 346 | has gone to reside, |
| surface a 347 | the slaves |
| surface a 348 | of her legacy |
| surface a 349 | and the marriage gifts |
| surface a 350 | she may take away. |
| surface a 351 | If |
| surface a 352 | she has no female slaves, |
| surface a 353 | 10 shekels of silver |
| surface a 354 | let her pay him. |
| surface a 355 | If |
| surface a 356 | she has no silver, |
| surface a 357 | nothing |
| surface a 358 | shall she give to him. |
| surface a 359 | If |
| surface a 360 | a female slave a person who as her mistress |
| surface a 361 | is acting |
| surface a 362 | has cursed, |
| surface a 363 | indeed 1 sila3 of salt |
| surface a 364 | onto her mouth |
| surface a 365 | shall be rubbed. |
| surface a 366 | If |
| surface a 367 | a female slave a person who as her mistress |
| surface a 368 | is acting |
| surface a 369 | has struck, |
| surface a 378 | ... he shall pay. |
| surface a 379 | If |
| surface a 380 | with a forearm |
| surface a 381 | the daughter |
| surface a 382 | of a man he has hit, |
| surface a 383 | and the thing of her womb |
| surface a 384 | he has caused her to miscarry, |
| surface a 385 | 1/2 mina of silver |
| surface a 386 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 387 | If |
| surface a 388 | she has died, |
| surface a 389 | that man |
| surface a 390 | shall be killed. |
| surface a 391 | If |
| surface a 392 | with a forearm |
| surface a 393 | a man’s female slave |
| surface a 394 | he has hit, |
| surface a 395 | and an ‘it-has-hurt-me’ (~miscarriage) |
| surface a 396 | he has done to her, |
| surface a 397 | 5 shekels of silver |
| surface a 398 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 399 | If |
| surface a 400 | the female slave has died, |
| surface a 401 | ... (vacat) |
| surface a 402 | a slave for a slave shall serve. |
| surface a 403 | If |
| surface a 404 | a man as a witness |
| surface a 405 | came forth, |
| surface a 406 | and a thief |
| surface a 407 | he was made out to be, |
| surface a 408 | 15 shekels of silver |
| surface a 409 | he shall pay. |
| surface a 410 | If |
| surface a 411 | a man as a witness |
| surface a 412 | came forth, |
| surface a 413 | but turned away from (taking) an oath, |
| surface a 414 | the concern of that suit, as much as there be, |
| surface a 415 | he will compensate. |
| surface a 416 | If |
| surface a 417 | a man’s field |
| surface a 418 | by deception |
| surface a 419 | another man has worked, |
| surface a 420 | and he has plowed it, |
| surface a 421 | and a trial has been held regarding it, |
| surface a 422 | and it was put to another’s account, |
| surface a 423 | that man |
| surface a 424 | shall be forced to forfeit his labor. |
| surface a 425 | If |
| surface a 426 | a man’s field |
| surface a 427 | another man has flooded with water, |
| surface a 428 | per 1 iku of field |
| surface a 429 | 3 gur of barley |
| surface a 430 | he shall measure out. |
| surface a 431 | If |
| surface a 432 | a man to another man |
| surface a 433 | a field for cultivation |
| surface a 434 | has given, |
| surface a 435 | but he did not plow it, |
| surface a 436 | and empty land |
| surface a 437 | he has left, |
| surface a 438 | per 1 iku |
| surface a 439 | 3 gur of barley |
| surface a 440 | he shall measure out. |
| surface a 441 | If |
| surface a 442 | a man to another man a field on irrigable land |
| surface a 443 | for cultivation |
| surface a 444 | has given, |
| surface a 445 | per 1 bur3 of field 2 shekels as its interest |
| surface a 446 | the field will generate from him. |
| surface a 447 | If a man has given to another man a ... field for cultivation, |
| surface a 448 | per ... n shekels |
| surface a 474 | he shall pay him. |
| surface a 474 | If |
| surface a 474 | a man has hired oxen or cows for harrowing, |
| surface a 474 | for a 2 year’s hire of it |
| surface a 474 | he shall measure out to him 8 gur of barley; |
| surface a 474 | for the hire of oxen or cows for lead or middle (?), |
| surface a 474 | he shall measure out to him 6 gur of barley. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has died |
| surface a 474 | and has no sons, |
| surface a 474 | an umarried daughter |
| surface a 474 | shall become his heir. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has died, |
| surface a 474 | and his daughter ..., |
| surface a 474 | she shall inherit the goods of her father’s estate. |
| surface a 474 | A younger sister should share the inheritance of the estate, |
| surface a 474 | but the father’s subsistance allotments shall be shared by the (estate’s) workers. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has put barley into another man’s house, |
| surface a 474 | and that house has been broken into, |
| surface a 474 | when the owner of the barley has taken an oath, |
| surface a 474 | the owner of the house shall replace it. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has put barley into another man’s house, |
| surface a 474 | and the owner of the house has changed, |
| surface a 474 | after it has been verified, |
| surface a 474 | he shall put in for him twice as much barley as was therein. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has put barley into another man’s house, |
| surface a 474 | per 1 gur barley ... will be its nig2-diri levy. |
| surface a 474 | If a man who married a wife |
| surface a 474 | has left his wife behind, |
| surface a 474 | when she has stayed (waiting) 6 months for him |
| surface a 474 | the woman may be married by a husband of her choice. |
| surface a 474 | If a man married a wife, |
| surface a 474 | and his wife died, |
| surface a 474 | the man, until he remarries, |
| surface a 474 | his wife’s marriage gifts should be brought to him; |
| surface a 474 | but when the man marries a (new) wife, |
| surface a 474 | the marriage gifts should return to her people’s household. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has died, |
| surface a 474 | his wife, until she remarries, |
| surface a 474 | the house ... |
| surface a 474 | in/of her ... will not be put. |
| surface a 474 | If the father has died, |
| surface a 474 | ... of his sons |
| surface a 474 | will be ...; |
| surface a 474 | ... the physical house is the elder brother’s. |
| surface a 474 | If an ox has been lost in its cattle pen, |
| surface a 474 | the cowherds |
| surface a 474 | shall replace it. |
| surface a 474 | If a sheep has been lost in its sheepfold, |
| surface a 474 | the shepherds |
| surface a 474 | shall replace it. |
| surface a 474 | If an ox, a sheep, a donkey, or a pig has been lost among the houses or in a well-pit of a city, |
| surface a 474 | the district (authorities) |
| surface a 474 | shall replace it. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has not lost anything, |
| surface a 474 | but he has declared: “I have lost something of mine;” |
| surface a 474 | when by the district |
| surface a 474 | it has been proved, |
| surface a 474 | that man shall be killed; |
| surface a 474 | the district shall take away his inheritance. |
| surface a 474 | The nig2-diri levy for 1 stolen ox is 1 barig; |
| surface a 474 | the nig-diri levy for 1 stolen donkey is 3 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | the nig-diri levy for 1 stolen sheep is 1 ban2, (due) at the new year. |
| surface a 474 | If a man takes another man to court, |
| surface a 474 | after he has made him proceed through (court) appearances regarding it for the 3rd time, the suit shall be ended. |
| surface a 474 | If in winter |
| surface a 474 | a man has hired a 60-gur boat, |
| surface a 474 | its nig2-diri levy will be 1 ban2, |
| surface a 474 | its hire rate for 1 day will be (blank). |
| surface a 474 | If a man has hired a 60-gur boat: for 30 double-miles, its nig2-diri levy will be 3 ban2 per 1 gur; |
| surface a 474 | for 20 double-miles its nig2-diri levy will be 2 ban2 per 1 gur; |
| surface a 474 | for 10 double-miles the nig2-diri levy will be 1 ban2 per 1 gur. |
| surface a 474 | It is of barley; its silver is 1/3rd shekel. |
| surface a 474 | 1 day’s wages of a house-builder will be 3 ban2. |
| surface a 474 | For a carpenter, leatherworker, reed-mat maker, felt maker, metalsmith, fuller, goldsmith, or stone-cutter, |
| surface a 474 | their harvest-time wages will be 3 ban2 each; |
| surface a 474 | their winter ones will be 2 ban2 each. |
| surface a 474 | The barley for 3 ...-pots will be 1 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | the barley for 1 kurdu pot will be 1 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | for 1 lahtan pot of 1 gur (capacity) it will be 3 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | the barley for 1 oven will be 5 sila3. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has broken a leg bone, |
| surface a 474 | and a physician has made him well, |
| surface a 474 | the silver for that will be 5 shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has been mauled by a lion, |
| surface a 474 | and a physician has made him well, |
| surface a 474 | the silver for that will be 5 shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a physician has taken out a ‘stone,’ |
| surface a 474 | the silver for that will be 5 shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a physician has healed the eyesight, |
| surface a 474 | the silver for that will be 2 shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a physician ... a man, |
| surface a 474 | the silver for that will be n shekels. |
| surface a 474 | The harvest-time wages of a ... will be 3 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | his winter ones will be 2 ban2. |
| surface a 474 | The harvest-time wages of the ... persons will be 1 ban2; the nig2-diri levy will be 1 barig; |
| surface a 474 | their winter ones will be ... and ... will be the nig2-diri levy. |
| surface a 474 | The daily wages of a female weaver when washing (fibers) will be n ban2; |
| surface a 474 | the daily wages of a senior female weaver will be 2 ban2; |
| surface a 474 | the daily wages of a female weaver of šudur-garments will be 2 ban2. |
| surface a 474 | The wages of the ... persons will be 6 sila3 of barley. |
| surface a 474 | The wages of the doorman’s helpers ... will be 1 sila3 of barley. |
| surface a 474 | If a female tavern-keeper in the harvest season |
| surface a 474 | has given 1 beer-jar to a person on credit, |
| surface a 474 | at the harvest season 5 ban2 of barley ..., |
| surface a 474 | and its nig2-diri levy will be ...; |
| surface a 474 | the winter’s will be ... |
| surface a 474 | If a man to another man |
| surface a 474 | has given 1 gur of barley as a loan, |
| surface a 474 | its interest for 1 year shall be 1 barig and 4 ban2 of barley. |
| surface a 474 | If a man to another man |
| surface a 474 | has given 10 shekels of silver as a loan, |
| surface a 474 | its interest for 1 year shall be 2 shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a man to another man ..., |
| surface a 474 | and a robber in the house ..., |
| surface a 474 | a robber in the house ..., |
| surface a 474 | he need not replace it. |
| surface a 474 | If a person has fed another person’s child milk, |
| surface a 474 | for 3 years her barley shall be 6 gur, |
| surface a 474 | her wool 30 minas, |
| surface a 474 | and her oil 30 sila3; |
| surface a 474 | it is a thing of the office of the nugig-women. |
| surface a 474 | The fee per year of a hired wet-nurse shall be 1 shekel. |
| surface a 474 | If, during the term of Gutium, |
| surface a 474 | a man sold a slave, |
| surface a 474 | but that slave someone detained, |
| surface a 474 | when the owner of the slave has taken an oath, |
| surface a 474 | he may take away the slave. |
| surface a 474 | If the man who did the selling has died, |
| surface a 474 | (only) when that man’s wife, or his son, or his witness |
| surface a 474 | has taken an oath |
| surface a 474 | may he take away the slave. |
| surface a 474 | During the reign of Ur-Namma, the king of the nig2-diri levy, |
| surface a 474 | after he had been elevated by Nanna over the people, |
| surface a 474 | at that time, if the man who had sold the slave |
| surface a 474 | be he the slave’s owner or ..., |
| surface a 474 | or be he its ..., the (relevant) ginabtum-officer |
| surface a 474 | if he has not brought in, |
| surface a 474 | that man is a thief. |
| surface a 474 | If a man has died, his equal-ranking wife should act as the 1st heir in the house. |
| surface a 474 | If a man marries the wife of his older brother, |
| surface a 474 | he shall be killed. |
| surface a 474 | If a slave marries his female owner, he shall be killed. |
| surface a 474 | If a man ... another man, |
| surface a 474 | ... which is equivalent to the house ... |
| surface a 474 | If a man has bought 1 sar of a built house, |
| surface a 474 | its silver shall be n shekels. |
| surface a 474 | If a vacant lot of 1 sar |
| surface a 474 | a man has bought, its silver shall be 1 shekel. |
| surface a 474 | If 1 sar of a built house |
| surface a 474 | a man has rented for ..., he shall pay 1 shekel of silver. |
| surface a 474 | A person who erases this inscription and writes his own name on it, |
| surface a 474 | or because of this curse he incites another to do it, |
| surface a 474 | and the person who erases this inscription and has written for him a name which should not be written, |
| surface a 474 | whether that person be a king, or an en, or a governor, ..., |
| surface a 474 | may he who was seated on a throne sit down in the dust. |
| surface a 474 | May his people roam about among reed huts(?). |
| surface a 474 | May his city be a disagreeable city to Enlil. |
| surface a 474 | May the gates of his city stand open. |
| surface a 474 | May the young men of his city be blinded slaves. |
| surface a 474 | May the young women of his city be ones unable to bear. |
| surface a 474 | May the gods of his town, Enki, Iškur, and Ašnan, |
| surface a 474 | by the exalted might of Enlil ... |
| surface a 474 | ... did not ... |
| surface a 474 | May no one build the ... of cattle pens ...; |
| surface a 474 | may no one ... the ... of sheepfolds for him. |
| surface a 474 | The city ... |
| surface a 474 | ... favorable ... |
| surface a 474 | may it ... |
| surface a 474 | Ur-Namma ... |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI: reuse of catalogue/transliteration data with citation of CDLI; images restricted (not fetched)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| surface a | ||
| 1 | {d}en-lil2 | |
| 2 | lugal kur-kur-ra | |
| 3 | alan ur-{d}namma | |
| 4 | nita2 kal-ga | |
| 5 | lugal uri5{ki}-ma | |
| 6 | lugal ki-en-gi | |
| 7 | ki-uri-ka | |
| 8 | na4-bi | |
| 9 | {na4}esi-am3 | |
| 10 | ur-{d}namma | |
| 11 | nita2 kal-ga | |
| 12 | lugal uri5{ki}-ma | |
| 13 | lugal ki-en-gi ki-uri | |
| 14 | e2 {d}nanna | |
| 15 | lugal-ga2 mu-du3-a | |
| 16 | ma2 ma2-gan{ki} | |
| 17 | di nig2-gi-na | |
| 18 | {d}utu-ta szu-na | |
| 19 | mu-ni-gi4?-a | |
| 20 | a mu-na-ru | |
| 21 | u4-ba | |
| 22 | e2? {d}en-lil2 | |
| 23 | lugal-ga2-ta | |
| 24 | alan ur-{d}namma-ke4? | |
| 25 | nidba? iti-da | |
| 26 | 1(gesz2) 3(u) sze gur | |
| 27 | 3(u) udu | |
| 28 | 3(u) sila3 i3-nun | |
| 29 | sa2-du11-sze3 | |
| 30 | mu-na-ni-gar | |
| 31 | u4 an-ne2 | |
| 32 | {d}en-lil2-le | |
| 33 | {d}nanna-ar | |
| 34 | nam-lugal uri5{ki}-ma | |
| 35 | mu-na-szum2-mu-usz-a-ba | |
| 36 | u4-ba ur-{d}namma | |
| 37 | dumu tu-da | |
| 38 | {d}nin-sun2-ka | |
| 39 | emedu2 | |
| 40 | ki-ag2-ga2-ni-ir | |
| 41 | nig2-si-sa2-ni-sze3 | |
| 42 | nig2-gi-na-ni-sze3 | |
| 43 | a2? [...] ba?-ag2? | |
| 44 | nam?-lugal? | |
| 45 | uri5?{ki}-ma | |
| 46 | hu-mu-na-szum2? | |
| 47 | si? x [...] | |
| 48 | ba-x-[...] | |
| 49 | 2(disz) x [...] | |
| 50 | 2(disz) x [...] | |
| 51 | nam?-[...] | |
| 52 | [...] | |
| 53 | [...] | |
| 54 | [...] | |
| 55 | [...] | |
| 56 | [...] | |
| 57 | [...] | |
| 58 | [...] | |
| 59 | [...] | |
| 60 | [...] | |
| 61 | [...] | |
| 62 | [...] | |
| 63 | [...] | |
| 64 | [...] | |
| 65 | [...] | |
| 66 | [...] | |
| 67 | [...] | |
| 68 | [...] | |
| 69 | [...] | |
| 70 | [...] | |
| 71 | a2 {d}nanna | |
| 72 | lugal-ga2-ta | |
| 73 | abul imin-bi | |
| 74 | gal2 mu-un-da-an-taka4 | |
| 75 | nam-ha-ni | |
| 76 | ensi2 | |
| 77 | lagasz{ki} | |
| 78 | he2-mi-il2 | |
| 79 | ki-sar-ra | |
| 80 | ma2 ma-gan{ki}-na | |
| 81 | {d}nanna | |
| 82 | a2 {d}nanna | |
| 83 | lugal-ga2-ta | |
| 84 | he2-mi-gi4 | |
| 85 | uri5{ki}-ma | |
| 86 | ha-ba-zalag | |
| 87 | u4-ba | |
| 88 | a-sza3 ni-is-qum | |
| 89 | i3-gal2-la-am3 | |
| 90 | nam-ga-esz8 | |
| 91 | ma2-lah5-gal | |
| 92 | i3-gal2-la-am3 | |
| 93 | utul4-e | |
| 94 | gu4 dab5 udu dab5 | |
| 95 | ansze dab5 | |
| 96 | i3-gal2-la-am3 | |
| 97 | [...] x | |
| 98 | [...] | |
| 99 | [...] | |
| 100 | [...] | |
| 101 | [...] | |
| 102 | [...] | |
| 103 | u4-ba? | |
| 104 | ur-{d}namma | |
| 105 | nita2 kal-ga | |
| 106 | lugal uri5{ki}-ma | |
| 107 | lugal ki-en-gi ki-uri | |
| 108 | a2 {d}nanna | |
| 109 | lugal-ga2-ta | |
| 110 | inim gi-na | |
| 111 | {d}utu-ta | |
| 112 | nig2-si-sa2 | |
| 113 | kalam-ma hu-mu-ni-gar | |
| 114 | [...] x | |
| 115 | [...] | |
| 116 | szu-ba he2-mi-gi4 | |
| 117 | nam-ga-esz8 | |
| 118 | ma2-lah5-gal | |
| 119 | utul4-e | |
| 120 | gu4 dab5 udu dab5 | |
| 121 | ansze dab5 | |
| 122 | uri lu2-gir5-ra | |
| 123 | ki-en-gi ki-uri-a | |
| 124 | szu-ba he2-mi-gi4 | |
| 125 | u4-ba | |
| 126 | umma{ki} | |
| 127a | mar2-da{ki} | |
| 127b | GIR2-kal{ki} | |
| 128a | ka-za-lu{ki} | |
| 128b | u3 masz-kan2-pi2 | |
| 129 | u2-s,a-ru-um{ki} | |
| 130a | nig2 an-sza-an{ki}-a | |
| 130b | nam-ARAD2 he2-eb-ak-e | |
| 131 | a2 {d}nanna | |
| 132 | lugal-ga2-ta | |
| 133 | ama-ar-gi4-bi | |
| 134 | hu-mu-gar | |
| 135 | {uruda}ba-ri2-ga | |
| 136 | hu-mu-gub | |
| 137 | 1(gesz2) sila3-am3 he2-ni-ge-en | |
| 138 | {uruda}ba-an hu-mu-dim2 | |
| 139 | 1(u) sila3-am3 he2-ni-ge-en | |
| 140 | {uruda}ba-an si-sa2 lugal-la | |
| 141 | hu-mu-dim2 | |
| 142 | 6(disz)?-am3 he2-ni-ge-en | |
| 143 | 1(disz) sila3 zabar | |
| 144 | hu-mu-dim2 | |
| 145 | 1(disz) ma-na-am3 | |
| 146 | he2-ni-ge-en | |
| 147 | 1(disz) gin2 ku3 na4 | |
| 148 | za3 1(disz) ma-na-e | |
| 149 | he2-ni-ge-en | |
| 150 | u4-ba | |
| 151 | gu2 {i7}idigna | |
| 152 | gu2 {i7}buranun | |
| 153 | gu2 i7 du3-a-bi | |
| 154 | nidba [...] | |
| 155 | nesag sza3-ge-guru7 | |
| 156 | x [...] | |
| 157 | gesz he2-em-mi-in-tag | |
| 158 | {gesz}kiri6 | |
| 159 | he2-em-mi-gub | |
| 160 | ... | |
| 161 | szandana lugal-e he2-eb2-tuku | |
| 162 | nu-siki lu2 nig2-tuku-ra | |
| 163 | ba-ra-na-an-gar | |
| 164 | nu-mu-un-SU lu2 a2-tuku-ra | |
| 165 | ba-ra-na-an-gar | |
| 166 | lu2 1(disz) gin2-e | |
| 167 | lu2 1(disz) ma-na-ra | |
| 168 | ba-ra-na-an-gar | |
| 169 | lu2 1(disz) udu-ra | |
| 170 | lu2 1(disz) gu4-e | |
| 171 | ba-ra-na-an-gar | |
| 172 | szagina-szagina-mu-ne | |
| 173 | ama-mu nin9? szesz-szesz-mu | |
| 174 | su-a-su-a-mu-ne | |
| 175 | sa2 ha-ba-an-gar-re-esz | |
| 176 | a2-ag2-ga2-ne-ne-a | |
| 176a | ba-ra-ba-gub-be2-en | |
| 176b | kin ba-ra-ba-ni-gar | |
| 177 | nig2-erim2 | |
| 178 | nig2-a2-zi | |
| 179 | i-{d}utu u2-gu he2-ni-de2 | |
| 180 | nig2-si-sa2 | |
| 181 | kalam-ma hu-mu-ni-gar | |
| 181.a | u4-ba tukum-bi lu2-u3 | |
| 182 | sag gesz bi2-in-ra | |
| 183 | lu2-bi i3-gaz-e-dam | |
| 184 | tukum-bi lu2-u3 | |
| 185 | sa-gaz-sze3 in-ak in-gaz-e | |
| 186 | tukum-bi lu2-u3 | |
| 187 | sze29-sze3 in-ak | |
| 188 | lu2-bi en-nu-ga2 i3-ti-le | |
| 189 | 1(u) 5(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar i3-la2-e | |
| 190 | tukum-bi ARAD2-de3 | |
| 191 | geme2 a2-asz2-a-ni in-tuku | |
| 192 | ARAD2-bi ama-ar-gi4-ni i3-ga2-ga2 | |
| 193 | e2-ta nu-ub-ta-e3 | |
| 194 | tukum-bi ARAD2-de3 | |
| 195 | dumu-gi7 in-tuku | |
| 196 | dumu-nita 1(disz)-am3 lugal-a-ni-ir | |
| 197 | in-na-an-gub-bu | |
| 198 | dumu lugal-a-ni-ir | |
| 199 | in-na-ab-gub-bu-da | |
| 200 | nig2-gur11 e2 ad-da-na | |
| 201 | 1/2(disz)-bi e2-gar8 e2 ad-da-na i3-ba-e | |
| 202 | dumu dumu-gi7 lugal-da nu-me-a | |
| 203 | nam-ARAD2-da-ni-sze3 | |
| 204 | la-ba-an-ku4-re | |
| 205 | tukum-bi | |
| 206 | dam gurusz-a a nu-gi4-a | |
| 207 | nig2-a2-gar-sze3 lu2 in-ak-ma | |
| 208 | a bi2-in-gi4 | |
| 209 | nita2-bi i3-gaz-e | |
| 210 | tukum-bi | |
| 211 | dam gurusz-a | |
| 212 | ni2-te-a-ni-ta | |
| 213 | lu2 ba-an-us2-ma | |
| 214 | ur2-ra-na ba-an-nu2 | |
| 215 | munus-bi | |
| 216 | lu2 i3-gaz-e | |
| 217 | nita2-bi | |
| 218 | ama-ar-gi4-ni | |
| 219 | i3-ga2-ga2 | |
| 220 | tukum-bi | |
| 221 | geme2 lu2 | |
| 222 | e2 nu-gi4-a | |
| 223 | nig2-a2-gar-sze3 | |
| 224 | lu2 i3-ak | |
| 225 | e2 bi2-gi4 | |
| 226 | lu2-bi | |
| 227 | 5(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 228 | i3-la2-e | |
| 229 | tukum-bi lu2 | |
| 230 | dam nita3-dam-a-ni | |
| 231 | i3-tak4-tak4 | |
| 232 | 1(disz) ma-na ku3-babbar | |
| 233 | i3-la2-e | |
| 234 | tukum-bi | |
| 235 | nu-ma-SU | |
| 236 | i3-tak4-tak4 | |
| 237 | 1/2(disz) ma-na ku3 | |
| 238 | i3-la2-e | |
| 239 | tukum-bi | |
| 240 | nu-ma-SU | |
| 241 | dub ka-kesz2 | |
| 242 | nu-me-a | |
| 243 | lu2 ur2-ra-na | |
| 244 | ba-an-nu2 | |
| 245 | ku3 nu-la2-e | |
| 246 | ... | |
| 247 | tukum-bi | |
| 248 | erisz-dingir | |
| 249 | [...]-ba lu2 ur2-ra | |
| 250 | [...] ba-nu2 | |
| 251 | nu?-un?-zu? nita2-bi | |
| 252 | i3-bi2-TUR?-ne-esz | |
| 253 | tukum-bi | |
| 254 | nam-|KAxX|-zu | |
| 255 | lu2 lu2-ra | |
| 256 | in-da-ab-la2 | |
| 257 | {d}i7-lu2-ru-gu2-sze3 | |
| 258 | lu2 i3-tum2-mu | |
| 259 | {d}i7-lu2-ru-gu2 | |
| 260 | um-zalag-zalag | |
| 261 | lu2 in-tum2-mu | |
| 262 | 3(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 263 | i3-la2-e | |
| 264 | tukum-bi | |
| 265 | dam gurusz-a-da | |
| 266 | ur2-ra | |
| 267 | nu2-a | |
| 268 | lu2 i3-da-la2 | |
| 269 | i7-de3 | |
| 270 | u3-um-zalag-zalag | |
| 271 | lu2 i3-da-la2-a | |
| 272 | 1/3(disz){sza} ma-na ku3 | |
| 273 | i3-la2-e | |
| 274 | tukum-bi | |
| 275 | mu10-us2-sa2-tur | |
| 276 | e2 u2-ur3-ra-na-ka | |
| 277 | i3-in-ku4 | |
| 278 | u2-ur3 | |
| 279 | egir5-bi-ta | |
| 280 | lu2 [...] | |
| 281 | ba-an-na-szum2 | |
| 282 | nig2-mu10-us2-sa2 | |
| 283 | a-ra2 2(disz)-am3 | |
| 284 | i3-na-szum2 | |
| 285 | tukum-bi | |
| 286 | [...]-a | |
| 287a | geme2 ARAD2? (x) | |
| 287b | ba-zah3 | |
| 288 | ki-sur-ra iri-na-ka | |
| 289 | ib2-te-bala | |
| 290 | lu2 im-mi-gur | |
| 291 | lugal sag-ga2-ke4 | |
| 292 | lu2 im-mi-in-gur-ra | |
| 293 | 2(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 294 | i3-na-la2-e | |
| 295 | tukum-bi | |
| 296 | giri3-pad-ra2 | |
| 297 | [...]-a-ni | |
| 298 | lu2 in-ku5 | |
| 299 | 1(u) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 300 | i3-la2-e | |
| 301 | tukum-bi | |
| 302 | lu2 lu2-ra | |
| 303 | {gesz}tukul-ta | |
| 304 | giri3-pad-ra2 al-mu-ra-ni | |
| 305 | in-zi-ir | |
| 306 | 1(disz) ma-na ku3-babbar | |
| 307 | i3-la2-e | |
| 308 | tukum-bi | |
| 309 | lu2 lu2-ra | |
| 310 | geszbu2-ta | |
| 311 | giri17-ni in-ku5 | |
| 312 | 2/3(disz) ma-na ku3-babbar | |
| 313 | i3-la2-e | |
| 314 | tukum-bi | |
| 315 | [...]-ta | |
| 316 | giri3-pad-ra2 | |
| 317 | in-[...] | |
| 318 | 2(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 319 | i3-la2-e | |
| 320 | tukum-bi geszbu2-ta | |
| 321 | ugu2 lu2 lu2 | |
| 322 | i3-ha-asz | |
| 323 | nig2 {gesz}tukul-a-gin7 1/3(disz) ma-na | |
| 324 | i3-la2-e | |
| 325 | tukum-bi geszbu2-ta | |
| 326 | ugu2 lu2 lu2 | |
| 327 | i3-ha-asz | |
| 328 | 3(gesz2) usan3 i3-ra-ra | |
| 329 | tukum-bi igi lu2 | |
| 330 | lu2 im-ta-szub | |
| 331 | 1/2(disz) ma-na i3-la2-e | |
| 332 | tukum-bi lu2 | |
| 333 | lu2 zu2-ni i3-ku5 | |
| 334 | 1/2(disz) ma-na i3-la2-e | |
| 335 | tukum-bi ARAD2-de3 | |
| 336 | dumu-gi7-ra i3-ni-ra | |
| 337 | {ki}kiszi4-ni u3-ta-ak | |
| 338 | iri im-nigin2-nigin2 | |
| 339 | tukum-bi dumu-gi7 | |
| 340 | ARAD2-ra i3-ni-ra | |
| 341 | 1(gesz2) a2-si 1(gesz2) nig | |
| 342 | i3-ra-ra | |
| 343 | tukum-bi | |
| 344 | lu2 ba-usz2 | |
| 345 | dam-ni ur2-a-na-sze3 | |
| 346 | i3-na-ni-tusz | |
| 347 | sag | |
| 348 | a-ga-na | |
| 349 | ne-de2-a | |
| 350 | ha-ba-an-tum2-mu | |
| 351 | tukum-bi | |
| 352 | geme2 nu-tuku | |
| 353 | 1(u) gin2 ku3-babbar-am3 | |
| 354 | he2-na-la2-e | |
| 355 | tukum-bi | |
| 356 | ku3 nu-tuku | |
| 357 | nig2-na-me | |
| 358 | nu-na-ab-szum2-mu | |
| 359 | tukum-bi | |
| 360 | geme2 lu2 nin-a-ni-gin7 | |
| 361 | dim2-ma-ar | |
| 362 | asz2 i3-ni-du11 | |
| 363 | 1(disz) sila3 mun-am3 | |
| 364 | ka-ka-ne2 | |
| 365 | i3-sub6-be2 | |
| 366 | tukum-bi | |
| 367 | geme2 lu2 nin-a-ni-gin7 | |
| 368 | dim2-ma-ar | |
| 369 | in-ni-ra | |
| 370 | [...] | |
| 371 | [...] | |
| 372 | [...] | |
| 373 | [...] | |
| 374 | [...] | |
| 375 | [...] | |
| 376 | [...] | |
| 377 | [...] | |
| 378 | x [...] i3-la2-e | |
| 379 | tukum-bi | |
| 380 | a2?-suh? | |
| 381 | dumu-munus | |
| 382 | lu2-ka i-ni-in-ra | |
| 383 | nig2 sza3-ga-na | |
| 384 | szu mu-un-da-an-la2 | |
| 385 | 1/2(disz) ma-na ku3-babbar | |
| 386 | i3-la2-e | |
| 387 | tukum-bi | |
| 388 | ba-usz2 | |
| 389 | nita2-bi | |
| 390 | i3-gaz-e | |
| 391 | tukum-bi | |
| 392 | a2?-suh? | |
| 393 | geme2 lu2-ka | |
| 394 | i3-ni-in-ra | |
| 395 | ma-gig | |
| 396 | i3-ni-du11 | |
| 397 | 5(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar | |
| 398 | i3-la2-e | |
| 399 | tukum-bi | |
| 400 | geme2 ba-usz2 | |
| 401 | [...] | |
| 402 | sag sag-sze3 i3-gub-be2 | |
| 403 | tukum-bi | |
| 404 | lu2 lu2 ki-inim-ma-sze3 | |
| 405 | ib2-ta-e3 | |
| 406 | lu2 ni2-zuh | |
| 407 | ba-an-ku4 | |
| 408 | 1(u) 5(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar-am3 | |
| 409 | i3-la2-e | |
| 410 | tukum-bi | |
| 411 | lu2 lu2 ki-inim-ma-sze3 | |
| 412 | ib2-ta-e3 | |
| 413 | nam-erim2-ta im-ma-ra-a-gur | |
| 414 | nig2 di-ba en-na gal2-la | |
| 415 | ib2-su-su | |
| 416 | tukum-bi | |
| 417 | {a-sza3}asza5 lu2 | |
| 418 | nig2-a2-gar-sze3 | |
| 419 | lu2 i3-ak | |
| 420 | ba-an-uru4 | |
| 421 | di bi2-du11 | |
| 422 | gu2 in-ni-gar | |
| 423 | lu2-bi | |
| 424 | a2-ni ib2-ta-an-e11-de3 | |
| 425 | tukum-bi | |
| 426 | {a-sza3}asza5 lu2 | |
| 427 | lu2 a-da bi2-DU | |
| 428 | a-sza3 1(iku) GAN2 | |
| 429 | 3(asz) sze gur | |
| 430 | i3-ag2-ge26 | |
| 431 | tukum-bi | |
| 432 | lu2 lu2 | |
| 433 | {a-sza3}asza5 apin-la2-sze3 | |
| 434 | i3-na-szum2 | |
| 435 | nu-un-uru4 | |
| 436 | sza3-su-ga | |
| 437 | i3-gar | |
| 438 | 1(iku) GAN2 | |
| 439 | 3(asz) sze gur | |
| 440 | i3-ag2-ge26 | |
| 441 | tukum-bi | |
| 442 | lu2 lu2 a-sza3 ki-duru5 | |
| 443 | apin-la2-sze3 | |
| 444 | in-na-szum2 | |
| 445 | 1(bur3) GAN2 masz-bi 2(disz) gin2-am3 | |
| 446 | a-sza3 in-da-gal2-am3 | |
| 447 | tukum-bi a-sza3 a2-x lu2 lu2 apin-la2-sze3 in-na-szum2 | |
| 448 | [...] n gin2-am3 | |
| 474 | i3-na-la2-e | |
Sources & licences
- Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI: reuse of catalogue/transliteration data with citation of CDLI; images restricted (not fetched) · Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI), https://cdli.earth/ ; cite CDLI and the P-number
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.