SpTU 4, 123 (P348717)
Literary, Hellenistic, Uruk · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE
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| Designation | SpTU 4, 123 |
|---|---|
| ID | P348717 |
| Museum no. | IM — |
| Collection | National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq |
| Language | Akkadian |
| Period | Hellenistic · c. 330 BCE–141 BCE |
| Genre | Literary |
| Find spot | Uruk (mod. Warka) |
| Coordinates | 31.3234, 45.6395 |
English translation
By ORACC project cams/gkab · Via Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| Reverse Column ii [1:2] r ii 2'2'–r ii 2'2' | (Gilgameš said to Enkidu:) 'Let ... [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [2:3] r ii 3'3'–r ii 3'3' | 'Let them smash [...], |
| Reverse Column ii [3:4] r ii 4'4'–r ii 4'4' | 'the dust storms [...].' |
| Reverse Column ii [4:5] r ii 5'5'–r ii 5'5' | Enkidu [...] his mouth [...]: |
| Reverse Column ii [5:6] r ii 6'6'–r ii 6'6' | 'How can we go [...]? |
| Reverse Column ii [6:7] r ii 7'7'–r ii 7'7' | 'That road [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [7:8] r ii 8'8'–r ii 8'8' | 'The guardian of the forest [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [8:9] r ii 9'9'–r ii 9'9' | 'Humbaba, [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [9:10] r ii 10'10'–r ii 10'10' | 'He hears [...]; |
| Reverse Column ii [10:11] r ii 11'11'–r ii 11'11' | 'who [...]? |
| Reverse Column ii [11:12] r ii 12'12'–r ii 12'12' | 'Adad is first, [...]; |
| Reverse Column ii [12:13] r ii 13'13'–r ii 13'13' | 'who is there who would oppose him [...]? |
| Reverse Column ii [13:14] r ii 14'14'–r ii 14'14' | 'For the sake of keeping the cedar safe, [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [14:15] r ii 15'15'–r ii 15'15' | 'And he who ventures into his forest, [...].' |
| Reverse Column ii [15:16] r ii 16'16'–r ii 16'16' | Gilgameš opened his mouth to speak, [...]: |
| Reverse Column ii [16:17] r ii 17'17'–r ii 17'17' | 'Why, my friend, like a weakling [...]? |
| Reverse Column ii [17:18] r ii 18'18'–r ii 18'18' | 'And your mouth slackened, troubling [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [18:19] r ii 19'19'–r ii 19'19' | 'As for man, [...] are numbered, |
| Reverse Column ii [19:20] r ii 20'20'–r ii 20'20' | 'all that he kept doing is (just) wind. |
| Reverse Column ii [20:21] r ii 21'21'–r ii 21'21' | '... [...] they do not exist ... [...]; |
| Reverse Column ii [21:22] r ii 22'22'–r ii 22'22' | 'You were born and grew up in [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [22:23] r ii 23'23'–r ii 23'23' | 'Lions feared you, [...] all, |
| Reverse Column ii [23:24] r ii 24'24'–r ii 24'24' | 'young men too ran away [...]. |
| Reverse Column ii [24:25] r ii 25'25'–r ii 25'25' | 'Your very wise heart [...] battle; |
| Reverse Column ii [25:26] r ii 26'26'–r ii 26'26' | 'come, my friend, [...] to the forge.' |
| Reverse Column ii [26:27] r ii 27'27'–r ii 27'27' | [...] the forge [...] |
| Reverse Column iii [0:1] r iii 1'r 1'–r iii 1'r 1' | (Gilgameš said to the people of Uruk:) '[...] 2 times [...]. |
| Reverse Column iii [1:2] r iii 2'2'–r iii 2'2' | '[...] let there be [...], |
| Reverse Column iii [2:3] r iii 3'3'–r iii 3'3' | '[...] Rimat-Ninsun.' |
| Reverse Column iii [3:4] r iii 4'4'–r iii 4'4' | [...] he (Enkidu) gave advice [...], |
| Reverse Column iii [5:6] r iii 6'6'–r iii 6'6' | '[...] of cedar, |
| Reverse Column iii [6:7] r iii 7'7'–r iii 7'7' | '[...] for seeing, |
| Reverse Column iii [7:8] r iii 8'8'–r iii 8'8' | '[...], his [...] are very wide. |
| Reverse Column iii [8:9] r iii 9'9'–r iii 9'9' | '[...], his breath is death. |
| Reverse Column iii [9:10] r iii 10'10'–r iii 10'10' | '[...] the murmurs of his forest; |
| Reverse Column iii [10:11] r iii 11'11'–r iii 11'11' | '[...] into his forest? |
| Reverse Column iii [11:12] r iii 12'12'–r iii 12'12' | '[...] second; |
| Reverse Column iii [12:13] r iii 13'13'–r iii 13'13' | '[...] among the Igigu? |
| Reverse Column iii [13:14] r iii 14'14'–r iii 14'14' | '[...] Ellil destined him [...] the terrifying of the people. |
| Reverse Column iii [14:15] r iii 15'15'–r iii 15'15' | '[...] his forest, weakness will seize him.' |
| Reverse Column iii [15:16] r iii 16'16'–r iii 16'16' | The senior advisers arose, |
| Reverse Column iii [16:17] r iii 17'17'–r iii 17'17' | responding with (their) opinion to Gilgameš: |
| Reverse Column iii [17:18] r iii 18'18'–r iii 18'18' | 'You are young, Gilgameš, your heart is ruling you, |
| Reverse Column iii [18:19] r iii 19'19'–r iii 19'19' | 'and you do not know all that you talked about. |
| Reverse Column iii [19:20] r iii 20'20'–r iii 20'20' | 'Humbaba, his voice is the flood, |
| Reverse Column iii [20:21] r iii 21'21'–r iii 21'21' | 'his speech is fire, his breath is death. |
| Reverse Column iii [21:22] r iii 22'22'–r iii 22'22' | 'He hears to 60 leagues [...] of his forest; |
| Reverse Column iii [22:23] r iii 23'23'–r iii 23'23' | 'he who ventures into his forest, weakness will seize him. |
| Reverse Column iii [23:24] r iii 24'24'–r iii 24'24' | 'Who is there who would venture [...] his forest? |
| Reverse Column iii [24:25] r iii 25'25'–r iii 25'25' | 'Who is there who would oppose him [...]? |
| Reverse Column iii [25:26] r iii 26'26'–r iii 26'26' | 'Adad is first, [...]. |
| Reverse Column iii [26:27] r iii 27'27'–r iii 27'27' | 'For the sake of keeping the cedar safe, [...].' |
| Reverse Column iii [27:28] r iii 28'28'–r iii 28'28' | He (Gilgameš) heard [...], |
| Reverse Column iii [28:29] r iii 29'29'–r iii 29'29' | he looked and [...]. |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| r ii | ||
| 1' | x [...] | |
| 2' | ⸢lu⸣-x [...] | |
| 3' | liš-bi-⸢ra⸣ [...] | |
| 4' | a-šam-ša₂-a-⸢tu⸣ [...] | |
| 5' | {d}en-ki-du₃ pa-⸢a⸣-[šu₂ ...] | |
| 6' | ki-i ni-⸢il⸣-[lak ...] | |
| 7' | KASKAL-MIN ši-i [...] | |
| 8' | na-ṣir {giš}[TIR ...] | |
| 9' | {d}hum-ba-ba [...] | |
| 10' | i-šem-me-e-⸢ma⸣ [...] | |
| 11' | man-nu-um-ma [...] | |
| 12' | {d}IŠKUR 1{en} [...] | |
| 13' | man-nu ša₂ i-ge-⸢er⸣-[ru-šu₂ ...] | |
| 14' | aš₂-šu₂ šul-lu-mu {giš}⸢EREN⸣ [...] | |
| 15' | u₃ a-rid {giš}TIR-šu₂ [...] | |
| 16' | {d}GIŠ-gim₂-maš pa-a-šu₂ DU₃-ma i-⸢qab-bi⸣ [...] | |
| 17' | am-mi₃-ni ib-ri pi-is-nu-[qiš ...] | |
| 18' | u₃ pi-i-ka ir-ma-am-ma ⸢tu⸣-[lam-man x x] | |
| 19' | a-me-lut-ti ma-nu-⸢u₂⸣ [...] | |
| 20' | mim-mu-u₂ ⸢e⸣-te-ep-pu-šu ⸢TU₁₅⸣-[MEŠ-ma] | |
| 21' | x x [x] ⸢ul i⸣-ba-aš₂-ša₂-a x [...] | |
| 22' | ⸢ta-ʾa-al⸣-dam-ma tar-ba-a ⸢i⸣-[na x x] | |
| 23' | iš-⸢hu-tu-ka⸣-a-⸢ma⸣ la-ab-bi ⸢ka⸣-[la-ma ...] | |
| 24' | u₃ ⸢eṭ⸣-lu-tu ⸢iʾ₂⸣-bu-tu₄ [...] | |
| 25' | mu-du-⸢u₂ lib₃⸣-ba-ka tu-qu-⸢un⸣-[tu₂ x x] | |
| 26' | ⸢al⸣-kam-ma ib-ri ana kiš-⸢kat₂⸣-[te-e ...] | |
| 27' | [x] ⸢kiš-kat₂⸣-te-e [...] | |
| 28' | [...] x [...] | |
| r iii | ||
| 1' | [... 2-⸢šu₂⸣ | |
| 2' | [... li]-⸢ib⸣-ši | |
| 3' | [... {f}ri-mat—{d}NIN].⸢SUN₂⸣ | |
| 4' | [... i]-⸢mal-lik⸣ | |
| 5' | [...]-tu₄ | |
| 6' | [...] {⸢giš⸣}EREN | |
| 7' | [...] a-ma-ri | |
| 8' | [...]-⸢šu₂ rit⸣-pa-ša₂ | |
| 9' | [...] na-pi-is-su₂ mu-u₂-tu₂ | |
| 10' | [...] ⸢rim⸣-mat {giš}TIR-šu₂ | |
| 11' | [...] a-na {giš}TIR-šu₂ | |
| 12' | [...] ša₂-nu-u₂ | |
| 13' | [... i]-na {d}i₂-gi₃-gi₃ | |
| 14' | [... pul-ha]-⸢a⸣-ta ša₂ UN-MEŠ i-šim-šu₂ {d}EN.LIL₂ | |
| 15' | [... {giš]}⸢TIR-šu₂⸣ i-ṣab-bat-su lu-uʾ-tu | |
| 16' | [it-bu]-⸢u₂⸣-[ma] ma-⸢li⸣-ke-e rab-bu-tu | |
| 17' | ⸢ṭe₃-e-me u₂⸣-tar-ru a-na {d}GIŠ-gim₂-maš | |
| 18' | ⸢ṣe⸣-eh-re-e-ti {d}⸢GIŠ-gim₂⸣-[maš] ⸢ŠA₃⸣-ka na-ši-ka | |
| 19' | ⸢u₃⸣ mim-ma ša₂ ta-ta-mu-u₂ ⸢ul⸣ ti-i-de | |
| 20' | {d}hum-ba-ba rig-ma-šu₂ a-bu-bu | |
| 21' | pi-i-šu {d}GIRA₂{um}⸢ma⸣ na-pi-is-su mu-u₂-tu | |
| 22' | ⸢i⸣-šem-me-e-[ma] a-na 60-šu ⸢DANNA⸣ [...] {⸢giš⸣}TIR-šu₂ | |
| 23' | a-ri-du {giš}TIR-šu₂ ⸢i⸣-[ṣab-bat-su lu-uʾ]-⸢tu⸣ | |
| 24' | man-nu ša₂ ur-ra-du [x x {giš}TIR]-⸢šu₂⸣ | |
| 25' | man-nu ša₂ i-ge-[er-ru-šu₂ ...] | |
| 26' | {d}IŠKUR 1(AN){en} [...] | |
| 27' | aš₂-šu₂ ⸢šul⸣-lu-mu {giš}⸢EREN⸣ [...] | |
| 28' | iš-me-e-ma [...] | |
| 29' | ⸢ip⸣-pa-lis-⸢ma⸣ [...] | |
| 30' | x x x [...] | |
Sources & licences
- Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI: reuse of catalogue/transliteration data with citation of CDLI; images restricted (not fetched) · Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI), https://cdli.earth/ ; cite CDLI and the P-number
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.