ASJ 16, 043-046 Barton Cylinder (P222183)
Administrative, ED IIIb, Nippur · c. 2500 BCE–2340 BCE
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| Designation | ASJ 16, 043-046 Barton Cylinder |
|---|---|
| ID | P222183 |
| Museum no. | CBS 08383 |
| Collection | Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| Language | Sumerian |
| Period | ED IIIb · c. 2500 BCE–2340 BCE |
| Genre | Administrative |
| Find spot | Nippur (mod. Nuffar) |
| Coordinates | 32.1271, 45.2300 |
English translation
By Alster, Bendt; Westenholz, Aage · Via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI (reuse with citation)
| Line | English |
|---|---|
| surface a col 1 1 | Those days were faraway days, |
| surface a col 1 2 | indeed! |
| surface a col 1 3 | Those nights were faraway nights, |
| surface a col 1 4 | indeed! |
| surface a col 1 5 | Those years were faraway years, |
| surface a col 1 6 | indeed! |
| surface a col 1 7 | The storm was roaring, |
| surface a col 1 8 | lights flashing. |
| surface a col 1 9 | The temple of Nippur, |
| surface a col 1 10 | the storm was roaring, |
| surface a col 1 11 | lights flashing. |
| surface a col 1 12 | Heaven with earth |
| surface a col 1 13 | was talking; |
| surface a col 1 14 | earth with heaven was talking. |
| surface a col 2 1 | With Igizigalana, |
| surface a col 2 2 | older sister of Enlil, |
| surface a col 2 3 | with Ninḫursag, |
| surface a col 2 4 | With Igizigalana, |
| surface a col 2 5 | older sister of Enlil, |
| surface a col 2 6 | with Ninḫursag |
| surface a col 2 7 | he had intercourse. |
| surface a col 2 8 | He kissed her, |
| surface a col 2 9 | the semen of seven twins |
| surface a col 2 10 | into her womb dropped. |
| surface a col 2 11 | Earth with Scorpion |
| surface a col 2 12 | a conversation held: |
| surface a col 2 13 | “Big-River, |
| surface a col 2 14 | your little “things” water are carrying. |
| surface a col 2 15 | For you(?), the god(?) of the river |
| surface a col 2 16 | ... .” |
| surface a col 3 2 | ... heaven reached. |
| surface a col 3 3 | The “ears” of the poplars swelled, |
| surface a col 3 4 | “grape-eyes” among them were placed. |
| surface a col 3 5 | “White-eyes,” “great lights” |
| surface a col 3 6 | were piled up with them. |
| surface a col 3 7 | The gudu-priest ... |
| surface a col 3 8 | “Mighty ..., your ..., |
| surface a col 3 9 | is being taken away.” |
| surface a col 3 11 | the beans ... . |
| surface a col 3 12 | The gudu-priest like a man of Aratta |
| surface a col 3 13 | was directing it. |
| surface a col 4 3 | ... of Enlil |
| surface a col 4 4 | toward Nippur |
| surface a col 4 5 | (Enlil) to feel bitterness caused; |
| surface a col 4 6 | Inanna toward Zabala |
| surface a col 4 7 | to feel bitterness he caused; |
| surface a col 4 8 | Enki toward Abzu. |
| surface a col 4 9 | to feel bitterness he caused; |
| surface a col 4 10 | ... of Enlil |
| surface a col 4 11 | Nippur was not feeding, |
| surface a col 4 12 | was not giving to drink, |
| surface a col 4 13 | His oven(?) in which bread was baked |
| surface a col 4 14 | no baked bread contained. |
| surface a col 4 15 | His oven(?) in which bread cooled down |
| surface a col 4 16 | bread cooling down [had none]. |
| surface a col 5 2 | Enlil to ... |
| surface a col 5 3 | The brackish water he ...; |
| surface a col 5 4 | the brackish water he was holding back. |
| surface a col 5 5 | Enlil, he ... |
| surface a col 5 6 | the brackish water he is holding back. |
| surface a col 5 7 | Your oven(?), in which bread was baked, |
| surface a col 5 8 | no baked bread contains. |
| surface a col 5 9 | Your oven(?), in which bread cooled down, |
| surface a col 5 10 | bread cooling down has none. |
| surface a col 5 11 | Your(?) supreme ox-devouring oven, |
| surface a col 5 12 | in(?) the temple of Nippur. |
| surface a col 5 13 | its stones(?) he made lie (idle). |
| surface a col 5 14 | Your supreme bronze ... |
| surface a col 5 15 | to(?) ... does not return(?). |
| surface a col 6 1 | [Inanna toward Zabala,] |
| surface a col 6 2 | to feel bitterness he caused; |
| surface a col 6 3 | Enki toward Abzu". |
| surface a col 6 4 | to feel bitterness he caused; |
| surface a col 6 5 | he came out! |
| surface a col 6 6 | He came out! |
| surface a col 6 7 | As the day from the night rose, |
| surface a col 6 8 | Ninurta |
| surface a col 6 9 | came out! |
| surface a col 6 10 | As the day from the night rose, |
| surface a col 6 11 | in a lion’s skin his body he dressed. |
| surface a col 6 12 | With lion’s skins |
| surface a col 6 13 | his flanks he bound. |
| surface a col 7 9 | My mother ... |
| surface a col 7 11 | My mother ... |
| surface a col 8 10 | Your young man ... |
| surface a col 8 12 | Those who enter the place |
| surface a col 9 1 | Young man ... |
| surface a col 9 7 | Ninḫursag, |
| surface a col 9 8 | For their children |
| surface a col 9 9 | the fate was determined. |
| surface a col 9 10 | For the north wind |
| surface a col 9 11 | its fate was determined. |
| surface a col 9 12 | Come, let Azulugal |
| surface a col 9 13 | your life be(?)!" |
| surface a col 9 14 | The shepherd ... |
| surface a col 10 9 | For the ... wind |
| surface a col 10 10 | its fate was determined. |
| surface a col 10 11 | Come! May Enkidu |
| surface a col 10 12 | your friend be! |
| surface a col 10 13 | The wasteland may Enlildu |
| surface a col 10 14 | for men |
| surface a col 12 4 | from Keš left. |
| surface a col 12 5 | where Enlil bread eats |
| surface a col 12 7 | Irḫan, |
| surface a col 12 8 | the good one, |
| surface a col 13 2 | ... to heaven ... |
| surface a col 13 3 | Silver Tigris and [silver] Euphrates |
| surface a col 13 4 | pure scepter of Enlil, |
| surface a col 13 5 | the mountains(?) ... |
| surface a col 13 6 | its roots let ... |
| surface a col 13 7 | its crown let ... |
| surface a col 13 8 | On its side let ... |
| surface a col 13 9 | eggs on the ground let be laid. |
| surface a col 14 3 | ... in the mountains multiplied; |
| surface a col 14 4 | black bulls multiplied, |
| surface a col 14 5 | white bulls multiplied, |
| surface a col 14 6 | reddish bulls multiplied, |
| surface a col 14 7 | dark-red bulls multiplied. |
| surface a col 14 8 | Horrible “horse-lions” |
| surface a col 14 9 | also multiplied. |
| surface a col 14 10 | Mountain horses |
| surface a col 14 11 | on top climbed. |
| surface a col 14 12 | ... dwellt. |
| surface a col 14 13 | Wool the ... carried. |
| surface a col 14 14 | The ... stags of Ninḫursag |
| surface a col 14 15 | [multiplied(?)]. |
| surface a col 15 6 | The city, Dabala, |
| surface a col 15 7 | to the house ... |
| surface a col 15 8 | after the birds left it, |
| surface a col 15 9 | after into its sack flour he has put, |
| surface a col 15 10 | after water into its water skin he has poured, |
| surface a col 15 11 | Dabala, who is equally wise (said): |
| surface a col 15 12 | “To my house ... |
| surface a col 15 13 | after the birds have left it, |
| surface a col 15 14 | after into the sack flour has been put, |
| surface a col 15 15 | after into its water skin water has been poured,” |
| surface a col 16 2 | Ninḫursag, our “arm”(?), |
| surface a col 16 3 | of our precious metal took possession. |
| surface a col 16 4 | ... returned. |
| surface a col 16 5 | Our silver container, our ... container, |
| surface a col 16 6 | our man of ... |
| surface a col 16 7 | the ... of gold, |
| surface a col 16 8 | our ... |
| surface a col 16 9 | took possession. |
| surface a col 16 10 | 2 pots ... poured, |
| surface a col 16 11 | 2 ... poured. |
| surface a col 16 12 | Their ... beloved heart, |
| surface a col 16 13 | beer dispersed. |
| surface a col 16 14 | Irḫan |
| surface a col 17 2 | Silver Tigris and silver Euphrates, |
| surface a col 17 3 | silver scepter, my brother, |
| surface a col 17 4 | Enlil, |
| surface a col 17 5 | the man ... |
| surface a col 17 6 | my son |
| surface a col 17 8 | Ninḫursag |
| surface a col 17 9 | fine antimony, eye-paste(?), fine oil(?) |
| surface a col 17 10 | onto her eyes put. |
| surface a col 17 11 | a seat of honor in Keš(?) she established. |
| surface a col 17 12 | Below they(?) carried. |
| surface a col 17 13 | Below nobody ... |
| surface a col 17 14 | Scepter ... |
| surface a col 18 3 | The house ... |
| surface a col 18 4 | That day, ... passing, |
| surface a col 18 5 | That night, ... darkening, |
| surface a col 18 6 | Irḫan |
| surface a col 18 8 | The house ... |
| surface a col 18 9 | My child, ... |
| surface a col 19 2 | ... Ešpeš, |
| surface a col 19 3 | who is equally wise, |
| surface a col 19 4 | the great gate bolted, |
| surface a col 19 5 | the door with his/her hand bound, |
| surface a col 19 6 | and down from the sanctuary ...brought. |
| surface a col 19 7 | Irḫan |
| surface a col 19 11 | his/her eyes toward heaven raised |
| surface a col 19 12 | like a wild boar of the canebrake |
| surface a col 20 2 | ... pleasure |
| surface a col 20 5 | greatly(?) pleasant |
| surface a col 20 9 | his place of manhood |
| surface a col 20 10 | like ... |
Transliteration (ATF)
From Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI: reuse of catalogue/transliteration data with citation of CDLI; images restricted (not fetched)
| Line | ATF | Machine English (draft) |
|---|---|---|
| surface a col 1 | ||
| 1 | u4#-ri2#-a# u4-ri2-sze3 | |
| 2 | na-nam | |
| 3 | ge6-ri2-a ge6-ri2-sze3 | |
| 4 | na-nam | |
| 5 | mu-ri2-a mu-ri2-sze3 | |
| 6 | na-nam | |
| 7 | u4 na-du7-du7 | |
| 8 | nim na-gir2-gir2 | |
| 9 | esz3 nibru{ki} | |
| 10 | u4 na-du7-du7 | |
| 11 | nim na-gir2-gir2 | |
| 12 | an-ne2 ki-da | |
| 13 | inim an-dab6-e | |
| 14 | ki an-da inim an-dab6-e | |
| surface a col 2 | ||
| 1 | [igi-zi-gal-an]-na# | |
| 2 | nin-gal {d}en-lil2 | |
| 3 | {d}nin-hur-sag | |
| 4 | igi-zi-gal-an-na | |
| 5 | nin-gal {d}en-lil2 | |
| 6 | {d}nin-hur-sag-ra | |
| 7 | gesz3 mu-ni-du11 | |
| 8 | ne mu-ni-sub5 | |
| 9 | a masz imin | |
| 10 | sza3# mu-na#?-ni#?-ru | |
| 11 | ki musz-gir2-da | |
| 12 | bala-bala an-da-za | |
| 13 | {d}i7-mah | |
| 14 | nig2-tur-zu a mu-da-du | |
| 15 | x-ra dingir i7-da-ke4 | |
| 16 | [x x] mu# [x x] | |
| surface a col 3 | ||
| 1 | [...] an# x x | |
| 2 | KA e2? an-ne2 ba-us2 | |
| 3 | gesztu {gesz}asal an-gur4-gur4 | |
| 4 | igi-gesztin-a sza3-ba mu-gar-gar | |
| 5 | igi-babbar2 nu11-gal-x | |
| 6 | an-da-dub-e | |
| 7 | gudu4-ge zi# an-|SZU2+SA|-la2 | |
| 8 | nu-zuh-mah ku3-lal3-zu | |
| 9 | an-da-ra-ta-bar-e | |
| 10 | KA-li? GAB nunuz lul sze-a | |
| 11 | gu2-HAR pu2-ke4 | |
| 12 | gudu4 lu2 arattax(|LAM.KUR.RI|)-gin7 | |
| 13 | si an-sa2-sa2-e | |
| 14 | za3 za3 PIRIG an-DU-DU | |
| 15 | szu-si gesz?-BAD an-x | |
| 16 | x x [...] | |
| surface a col 4 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | UM x {d}en-lil2 | |
| 4 | nibru{ki}-sze3 | |
| 5 | gig-sze3 mu-gar-gar | |
| 6 | {d}inanna-ra ki zabala2-sze3 | |
| 7 | gig-sze3 mu-gar-gar | |
| 8 | {d}en-ki-ra abzu-sze3 | |
| 9 | gig-sze3 mu-gar#-[gar] | |
| 10 | UM [x]-bi# {d}en-lil2 | |
| 11 | nibru{ki} u2 nu-sze3-gu7-e | |
| 12 | a nu-sze3-na8-na8 | |
| 13 | edin ninda kum2-na | |
| 14 | ninda kum2 nu-mu-gal2 | |
| 15 | edin ninda te-na | |
| 16 | ninda# te# [nu-mu-gal2] | |
| surface a col 5 | ||
| 1 | x [...] | |
| 2 | {d#}en-lil2# x-sze3 mu-szi-[x] | |
| 3 | a-mun4# a-ne ba-sa2#-sag# | |
| 4 | a-mun4 a-ne ba-la2-la2 | |
| 5 | {d}en-lil2 a-ne ba-sa2#-sag# | |
| 6 | a-mun4 a-ne ba-la2-la2 | |
| 7 | edin ninda kum2-za | |
| 8 | ninda kum2 nu-mu-gal2 | |
| 9 | edin# ninda te-za | |
| 10 | ninda te nu-mu-gal2 | |
| 11 | gir2-mah GA2? gu4 gu7-gu7 zu? | |
| 12 | esz3 nibru{ki} | |
| 13 | |NI+IGI|-bi a-ne ba-nu2 | |
| 14 | zabar mah-zu mu#-URU#? | |
| 15 | GA2#? nu-mu-gi-ne2#? | |
| surface a col 6 | ||
| 1 | [{d}inanna-ra zabala2{ki}-sze3] | |
| 2 | gig#-sze# mu#-gar#-gar# | |
| 3 | {d#}en#-ki#-ra# abzu-sze3 | |
| 4 | gig-sze3 mu-gar-gar | |
| 5 | nam-ta#-e3# | |
| 6 | nam-ta#-e3# | |
| 7 | u4 ge6-ta# e3#-a | |
| 8 | {d}nin-urta | |
| 9 | nam-ta-e3 | |
| 10 | u4 ge6-ta e3-a | |
| 11 | kusz pirig# bar nam-mi-mu4 | |
| 12 | kusz# pirig-pirig | |
| 13 | za3 mu-ni-kesz2 | |
| 14 | si-si ma-ta-za | |
| 15 | la2-la2 ma-[ta]-za# | |
| surface a col 7 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | x x um#-gig | |
| 4 | x x na za | |
| 5 | gurusz DU#? ag2 | |
| 6 | gurusz x ma hi-a | |
| 7 | dug kurun2#? dug SZID-ra | |
| 8 | umum mu#-na-ni-za#?-x | |
| 9 | ama-mu nu# x me-a | |
| 10 | gurusz-zu x na-dab6-sze3? | |
| 11 | ama-mu nu# x me-a | |
| 12 | um-gig a-ne ba-e? | |
| 13 | tur3 tu nu-me-a-ra# | |
| 14 | a-gig a-ne RU#? | |
| 15 | um x [x] x [x] | |
| surface a col 8 | ||
| 1 | [...] x | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | na x [...] | |
| 4 | igi mu#? x | |
| 5 | [...] | |
| 6 | im nam# [mu]-ni#?-tar | |
| 7 | ki? x mah | |
| 8 | x na x | |
| 9 | za3# [...] | |
| 10 | dumu x [x] | |
| 11 | tum mu-dab6#-be2 | |
| 12 | ki ku4-ra-bi | |
| 13 | a# AB{ki}-a x ib2#?-be6#? | |
| 14 | ki#? ub#? KID2 x a [x] | |
| 15 | x [...] | |
| surface a col 9 | ||
| 1 | dumu [...] | |
| 2 | ki mu-x-x-bad | |
| 3 | [x] bi# x GA2#? | |
| 4 | sza3-bi# gu4 x bar? | |
| 5 | nig2# HI x DU#-DU | |
| 6 | x x [...] | |
| 7 | [{d}]nin-[hur]-sag | |
| 8 | dumu#-ne-ne | |
| 9 | nam mu-ne-tar | |
| 10 | im si-sa2-ra | |
| 11 | nam mu-ni-tar | |
| 12 | gen-na a-zu5-lugal | |
| 13 | zi-zu he2-mi-|NINDA2xHI|# | |
| 14 | sipa x ti HU#? | |
| surface a col 10 | ||
| 1 | x x [...] | |
| 2 | lu2 [x] lu2-[ra?] ti [x] | |
| 3 | x [...] | |
| 4 | si [...] | |
| 5 | lu2 x ru-a-zu | |
| 6 | lu2 x ki# [...] | |
| 7 | x x [...] | |
| 8 | x zu5#? GA#? he2# | |
| 9 | im-RU?-LAGAB MUSZ3#? | |
| 10 | nam mu-ni-tar | |
| 11 | gen-na {d}en-ki-du | |
| 12 | ku-li-zu he2-am6 | |
| 13 | ki-su7 {d}en-lil2-DU-[x] | |
| 14 | lu2 lu2-ra | |
| 15 | edin [x x] x | |
| surface a col 12 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | [x] x e3 [x] da | |
| 4 | kesz2-ta ba-ta-e3 | |
| 5 | [x] ninda gu7 [{d}]en-lil2 | |
| 6 | [x x] da [x] ti# | |
| 7 | {d}irhan | |
| 8 | lu2# sa6#-ga | |
| 9 | [x x] x [x x] ti | |
| surface a col 13 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] an#-sze3 [x] | |
| 3 | idigna# ku3# buranun# [ku3]-ge | |
| 4 | gidri ku3# {d}en-lil2 | |
| 5 | hur-sag#? mu-DU | |
| 6 | ur2-bi he2-x | |
| 7 | pa-bi uri3# [x] | |
| 8 | bar-ba [x x] zur [x] | |
| 9 | nunuz ki [he2?]-tag# | |
| 10 | [x] lu2# [x] za | |
| 11 | [x x] x [x x] GA#? | |
| 12 | [x x x] e2 | |
| 13 | [...] x [...] x | |
| surface a col 14 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | kur-ra#? al-lu2# | |
| 4 | am ge6 al-lu2 | |
| 5 | am babbar al-lu2 | |
| 6 | am su4 al-lu2 | |
| 7 | am dara4 al-lu2 | |
| 8 | ansze pirig su il2 | |
| 9 | an-ga-lu2 | |
| 10 | ansze zi-zi hur-sag | |
| 11 | an-sze3 al-e11 | |
| 12 | ama-lu5 al-dab5 | |
| 13 | siki-siki al-il2 | |
| 14 | dar3 gi za [{d}]nin-hur-sag | |
| 15 | [al-lu2] | |
| surface a col 15 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [...] | |
| 3 | [...] gi# | |
| 4 | ul#?-sze3# mu#-gi4-gi4 | |
| 5 | KA lul NE KA lul NE | |
| 6 | iri da-ba-la | |
| 7 | e2-e MUD | |
| 8 | muszen a-ba-szub-be2 | |
| 9 | {kusz}ga2-la2-a-ke4 zi3 a-ba-ta-si-ge | |
| 10 | {kusz}ummux(|EDIN.LAL.A|)-ke4 a a-ba-ta-de2 | |
| 11 | da-ba-la-e gal i3-ga-mu-zu | |
| 12 | e2-mu# MUD | |
| 13 | muszen a-ba-szub-be2 | |
| 14 | {kusz}ga2-la2-a-ke4 zi3# a-ba-ta-si-ge | |
| 15 | {kusz#}ummux(|EDIN.LAL.A|)-ke4 a a-ba-ta-de2 | |
| surface a col 16 | ||
| 1 | [x x] x | |
| 2 | [x] {d#}nin-hur-sag-ke4 ab#? da-me | |
| 3 | ku3-me szu-na# mu-dab5# | |
| 4 | an ba? da ga2#-e mu-na-ni#-gi4-gi4 | |
| 5 | pisan ku3-ga-me pisan SZEN-ga-me | |
| 6 | lu2 duh ku3 nigin-me | |
| 7 | nu-zuh gidri# ku3-sig17 | |
| 8 | NE sub6-me | |
| 9 | szu-ni nam-ma-dab5-[dab5] | |
| 10 | dug 2(asz@c) [x] mu-na-de2# | |
| 11 | 2(asz@c) PI [x] PI mu-na#-de2# | |
| 12 | sza3 ki#-ag2 DU-a-bi | |
| 13 | kasz mu-da-ni-ru | |
| 14 | {d}irhan | |
| surface a col 17 | ||
| 1 | [x] sur3#? BUR? sur3? | |
| 2 | idigna ku3 buranun ku3-ge | |
| 3 | gidri-ku3 szesz-mu | |
| 4 | {d}en-lil2 | |
| 5 | lu2 nam-DU an# [x] | |
| 6 | dumu-mu# [...] | |
| 7 | [x x] MI# [x x] | |
| 8 | {d#}nin#-hur-sag-ke4 | |
| 9 | szembi-zi |SZU2+SZE3| igi-du8 i3-li? | |
| 10 | igi-na ba-ni-gar | |
| 11 | za3-e3 kesz3 nam-mi-DU | |
| 12 | sig-sze3 ba-ni-il2 | |
| 13 | sig-sze3 lu2 nu [x] | |
| 14 | gidri# [...] | |
| surface a col 18 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | x [...] | |
| 3 | e2 mu-na-kusz3 | |
| 4 | u4-bi a-DU zal-la | |
| 5 | ge6#-bi [a]-DU szu2-am6 | |
| 6 | {d}irhan | |
| 7 | x KU [x] x | |
| 8 | e2 [...] | |
| 9 | dumu-mu GA2 x | |
| 10 | a-na# [x] a mu#-[x] | |
| 11 | lul# [x] na#? [x] | |
| surface a col 19 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [x] PESZ2# {d}esz-pesz | |
| 3 | gal i3-ga-mu-zu | |
| 4 | abul si-gar ba-gar | |
| 5 | ig-x szu-a mu-ni#-kesz2# | |
| 6 | esz3#-ta e x i3-ma-szu2-szu2 | |
| 7 | {d}irhan# | |
| 8 | [...] | |
| 9 | [...] | |
| 10 | [x x] mu ta x | |
| 11 | igi an-sze3 i3-il2-da | |
| 12 | szah2 gesz-gi-gin7 | |
| 13 | [x x] na# mu# [x x] | |
| surface a col 20 | ||
| 1 | [...] | |
| 2 | [x] nam-sa6#-ga | |
| 3 | [ba]-ra-ni me#-nam | |
| 4 | [x] GA2 dab5 x ma-da | |
| 5 | mah#-bi sa6-ga | |
| 6 | ba-ra-ni me#-nam | |
| 7 | x DIN-gin7 | |
| 8 | |SZU2+SA| gi he2-dub-e | |
| 9 | ki nam-nita-ni | |
| 10 | MUSZ dam te esz2-mu-gin7 | |
| 11 | da dar3 gesz ma NUN | |
| 12 | ki NIG2 ti# NE# KA# | |
| 13 | [x] na [x x] DU# | |
Sources & licences
- Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative · CDLI: reuse of catalogue/transliteration data with citation of CDLI; images restricted (not fetched) · Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI), https://cdli.earth/ ; cite CDLI and the P-number
- Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (ORACC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 (ORACC default); per-file JSON license fields say: This data is released under the CC0 license (133618) · ORACC project editions, https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/ ; cite the individual project (see texts.extra_json.project)
Cite the original edition and translator. Page generated by Unread Atlas from the public corpus export of 2026-10-11.